Unit 4 Reading and Thinking - Discovering Useful Structures單詞用法講解課件-高中英語人教版必修第一冊(cè)

1、版本：新人教 單元：必修一 Unit 4 (Reading and Thinking Discovering Useful Structures)單詞課堂本單元詞匯梳理1.crack擬聲詞，模仿破裂的聲音 2. ruin詞塊：in ruins3.percent英式 per cent；拓展：percentage4.shock一詞多義：基本義“一物對(duì)另一物的沖擊”詞塊：in shock名詞動(dòng)詞化：使震驚派生詞：shocked, shocking (分詞形容詞)5.electricity構(gòu)詞：electric (電的) + -ity (名詞后綴)詞塊：cut off electricity, mak

2、e / produce / generate electricity詞族：electric, electrical, electrically, electrician, electricity 6.trap基本義：陷阱；隱喻：具體的“陷阱” 抽象的“圈套”詞塊：be trapped in 7.bury基本義：埋詞塊：be buried in / bury oneself in 8. breathe構(gòu)詞：breath (n 呼吸)+ -e (動(dòng)詞后綴)詞塊：breathe in / out詞族：breath, breathe, breathing, breathless 9.revive &

3、revivalre- (again 再) + vive (to live 活) revive (復(fù)活)revive + -al (名詞后綴) revival10.effort詞塊：make an effort to do sth, spare no effort to do sth, time and effort, be worth the effort詞族：effort, effortless, effortlessly11.unify構(gòu)詞：uni- (one 一) + -fy (to make 使) 使成一體 統(tǒng)一同前綴詞：unique12.wisdom構(gòu)詞：wise + -dom (聯(lián)

4、系 freedom)13.contextcon- (with, together 一起、共同) + text (to weave 編織) 共同編織在一起的 上下文14. suffer構(gòu)詞：suf- (under 由下向上) + fer (to carry, bear 承擔(dān)、承載) 承受；遭受 (基本義)詞塊：suffer from；派生詞：suffering15.volcano派生詞：volcanic16.erupt構(gòu)詞：e- (out) + rupt (to break) 向外破裂開 爆發(fā)派生詞：eruption (詞塊：volcanic eruption)17.supply詞塊：schoo

5、l / medical supplies, supply and demand, the electricity supply, supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth 18.survive構(gòu)詞：sur- (over, beyond 超過) + vive (to live 活) 比活得長 (基本義)同根詞：revive, vitamin詞族：survive, survival, survivor重難點(diǎn)詞精講suffersurvive一詞多義一詞多義英語釋義supplyshock一詞多義用法辨析義effort一詞多義搭配義trap一詞多義 設(shè)陷阱捕捉；夾??；卡

6、?。篒ts cruel to trap birds.I trapped my coat in the car door. 把困??；使陷入困境：Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. 留存；儲(chǔ)存（氣體 / 水等）：Because of the greenhouse effect the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere. 名詞動(dòng)詞化 vteffort I might say that success is won by three things: first,

7、effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. Thomas Hardy可以說成功之道唯三點(diǎn)：努力，努力，再努力！ 托馬斯哈代 托馬斯哈代 (Thomas Hardy，1840 1928) ，英國詩人、小說家。哈代早期和中期的創(chuàng)作以小說為主，繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)了維多利亞時(shí)代的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。代表作品有小說德伯家的苔絲(Tess of the DUrbervilles)、無名的裘德(Jude the Obscure) 等。晚年以其詩歌開拓了英國20世紀(jì)的文學(xué)。effort詞源解讀effort 由前綴 ef- (= ex- out) + 詞根 for

8、t (strong) 構(gòu)成，和 force 是同根詞，意為 “force, strength, power”，即“力氣；力量”。 U & C 氣力；精力 the physical and mental energy thats needed to do sth：She puts her time and effort into helping others.Visit the museum when youre there. Its well worth the effort.With (an) effort she managed to stop herself laughing. C 努力

9、；盡力 an attempt to do sth thats difficult：Greg has gone on a diet in an effort to lose some weight.As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.Lets start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every minute! C 常用于名詞后 有組織的活動(dòng)：

10、the international relief / rescue effort= try hard to詞匯拓展 effortless adj 不需費(fèi)力的【詞族】effort, effortless, effortlessly活著就要經(jīng)受痛苦；而生存是為了在痛苦中尋找意義。 尼采弗里德里希威廉尼采 (Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844 1900) ，德國哲學(xué)家、語言學(xué)家、文化評(píng)論家、詩人、作曲家、思想家。主要著作有權(quán)力意志(Will to Power)、悲劇的誕生(The Birth of Tragedy)、查拉圖斯特拉如是說(Thus Spoke Zarath

11、ustra)等。尼采被認(rèn)為是西方現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)的開創(chuàng)者，他的著作對(duì)于宗教、道德、現(xiàn)代文化、哲學(xué)、以及科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域提出了廣泛的批判和討論。他的寫作風(fēng)格獨(dú)特，經(jīng)常使用格言和悖論的技巧。尼采對(duì)于后代哲學(xué)的發(fā)展影響很大，尤其是在存在主義與后現(xiàn)代主義上。suffer vi & vt 患（病）；（因疾?。┦芸?to experience physical or mental pain：suffer (from) a heart attackIm suffering from a bad back. vi & vt 遭受（困難等）to experience and be badly affected by sth：

12、suffer (from) defeat / lossYou will suffer one day for your carelessness. He greatly suffered from homesickness during his first few months abroad. vi 變差；變?cè)?to become worse：His school work is suffering because of family problems.suffer詞源解讀suffer由suf- (由下向上) 和詞根fer (承擔(dān)) 構(gòu)成?；玖x是“遭受”?！驹~匯拓展】suffering n

13、U（身體或精神上）疼痛；痛苦：He died without much suffering. This experience caused him much mental suffering. 常用復(fù)數(shù)苦難；折磨：He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings.suffer語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖遭受（基本義）“遭受”病痛等“遭受”困難等患（?。?；（因疾病）受苦遭受（困難等）事情“遭受”變差 變差；變?cè)鉺upply vt 供給；供應(yīng)；提供：supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth:The medi

14、a supplies lots of information to us every day. n U 供應(yīng)；供給：supply and demand cut off the electricity supply C 供應(yīng)量；補(bǔ)給量：There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.Water is in short supply. 復(fù)數(shù)生活必需品；補(bǔ)給品：school / medical / relief / emergency supplies 辨析provide, offer, supply三者都有“供給、提供”的意思，但用法不同。provide

15、指有遠(yuǎn)見，為應(yīng)付意外、緊急情況等作好充分準(zhǔn)備而“供給、提供”，常用provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth結(jié)構(gòu)。 The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims. The project is designed to provide young people with work. offer 側(cè)重表示“愿意給予”，常用offer sb sth或offer to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。 She offered me a reward for the return of her lost mo

16、bile phone. He offered to go instead of me. supply 通常指定期“供應(yīng)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)替代或補(bǔ)充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth to sb結(jié)構(gòu)。 The butcher supplies us with meat.survive我不是藥神（英文譯名 Dying to survive）是由文牧野執(zhí)導(dǎo)，寧浩、徐崢共同監(jiān)制的劇情片。該片于2018年7月5日在中國上映。影片講述了徐崢扮演的程勇從一個(gè)交不起房租的小商販，一躍成為印度仿制藥“格列寧”獨(dú)家代理商的故事。電影展現(xiàn)了一群人為了生存下去而苦苦掙扎。影片有笑有淚，還有

17、思考。在生活小細(xì)節(jié)的層層推進(jìn)下，導(dǎo)演將小人物的日常平凡、卑微、無甚波瀾的生活帶到了更為深遠(yuǎn)的一步。survivesurvive是由前綴“sur-” +詞根“vive（源于詞根viv）”構(gòu)成。其中sur-是“在上；超過”(over, beyond) 的意思，vive是“活；生命”(live) 的意思，所以survive表達(dá)“生命超越了（比事故中其他遇難者活得時(shí)間長）”，其常見義為“幸存”。與survive同根的詞有revive, vitamin, vivid等。 vt 比活得長：She survived her husband by ten years. vi & vt 幸存（于）：He sur

18、vived the earthquake. 注：不能說He survived from / after / in the earthquake. vi & vt 挺過；熬過：Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing. vi 保存下來：Some old customs have survived into the present. survive v survive 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖在災(zāi)難中活得長(具體）壽命活得長（人）在困境中活得長（抽象）物品或者風(fēng)俗活得長（具體）幸存（于）挺過；

19、熬過保存下來比活得長比活得長（基本義） survivor n C 幸存者 survival n (必修一 U1) U 幸存；繼續(xù)生存：the survival of the fittest C 幸存物；殘存物：The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times. 詞匯拓展泰坦尼克號(hào)這部電影講述了泰坦尼克號(hào)這艘豪華游輪在航行時(shí)由于撞上了冰山而沉沒，男主杰克（Jack）為了救女主露絲（Rose）而凍死在冰冷的海水中的故事。在泰坦尼克號(hào)緩緩下沉?xí)r，杰克帶著露絲跑到船尾，爬上欄桿堅(jiān)持到泰坦尼克號(hào)沉沒。最后杰克將露絲推上一塊漂浮木板。露絲要比杰克活得長

20、。Rose survived Jack.露絲在這次沉船事故中幸存下來。Rose survived the accident.杰克為了露絲能夠存活下來，不斷地鼓勵(lì)她，而自己卻凍死在寒冷的海水里。多年后尋寶探險(xiǎn)家布洛克從沉船上打撈起一個(gè)銹跡斑斑的保險(xiǎn)柜。露絲在冰冷的海上挺了過來最終獲救。Rose survived the frozen sea and was rescued in the end.他發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一幅素描畫留存至今。He found that a drawing had survived into the present.這幅素描由杰克為露絲所畫。本單元金句匯總1. Mom hasnt

21、 gotten over the shock of Dads death.2. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. 3. As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.4. You will suffer one day for your carelessness. 5. The media supplies lots of information

22、 to us every day. 6. He survived the earthquake. 隨堂檢測(cè)一、寫出下列句子中shock的漢語釋義。1. It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart. _2. The shock wave was felt even in my plane, several miles away from the harbor. _二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. They will get _ shock when they get this bill.2. T

23、he parents were _ (shock) by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee. (2013 重慶) 3. The _ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. (2011 北京)4. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved.

24、The girls were _ shock. (2017 北京) ashocked shocking 震驚shock 沖擊波in一、根據(jù)句意選出trap的最佳釋義。a.（捕捉鳥獸的）陷阱；夾子；羅網(wǎng) b.（陷害人的）圈套；詭計(jì)c. 牢籠；困境 _ 1. She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it._ 2. The only way to catch mice is to set a trap._ 3. Ill describe some situations that commonly arise between tee

25、nagers and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. (2010 湖北改)bactrap二、根據(jù)句意寫出下列句子中trap的漢語釋義。1. She felt trapped in her role of wife and mother. _2. The consequences (后果) could be serious if we dont keep reducing emissions (排放) of CO2 and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in ou

26、r atmosphere. (2009 福建改) _3. I was trapped into signing my name. _使陷入困境儲(chǔ)存使中計(jì) / 使陷入圈套 一、根據(jù)所給漢語，用帶有effort的詞塊完成下列句子。1. Kim is _ (努力減肥).2. The local clubs are _ (盡一切努力使感興趣) more young people.3. Parents arrange everything for their children and _ (不遺余力) to pave (鋪) the way for their success. (2013 福建)4.

27、Visit the museum when youre there. Its _ (很值得一游 ). 二、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將下列句子譯成英語。我努力在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜。(make an effort) _ I made an effort to keep calm in an emergency.effort well worth the effort spare no effort making an effort to lose weight making every effort to interest 一、根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. His grades suffer dur

28、ing soccer season. _2. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious burns after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head. (2013 四川) _3. Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010 陜西) _下降；變差受到嚴(yán)重燙傷 出現(xiàn)背部問題suf

29、fer二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1. _ (無論我遭受什么失敗) in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. (2014 湖南)2. Although Rosemary had _ (身患重疾) for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm (熱情) for life. (2013 陜西)3. Music is an important way we express _ (人類的苦難), celebration, the meaning and value of peace a

30、nd love. (2009 北京)Whatever / No matter what failures I suffer suffered (from) a serious illness / diseasehuman suffering 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1. _ (食品補(bǔ)給) in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left. (2012 重慶)2. The Help Desk _ (為提供服務(wù)) you all the year round! (2008 湖南)3. She survived because of _ (充足的供應(yīng))