2016年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案

1、歡迎下載 2016年6月英語四級考試真題及答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty。Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsPartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissecti

2、on，youwillhearthreenewsreports。Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions。Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentr

3、e。Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)TheInternationalLaborOrganizationskeyob.jectiveB)Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.D)Globaleconomicrecovery.A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.B)Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurren

4、teconomiccrisis.C)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.D)Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeoplesli.velihoodQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.C)Increaseproteincontentinthefood.D)Offerconve

5、nientfoodtocustomers.A)Theywillbefined.B)Theywillbeclosed.C)Theywillgetawarning.D)Theywilllosecustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.B)Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.C)Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.D)Failuretointegra

6、teinnovationintotheirbusiness.A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.C)Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.D)Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.A)Itshardworkingemployees.B)Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.C)Itsinnovationculture.D)Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments.SectionBDirections

7、：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelin

8、ethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hesgotaddictedtotechnology.B)Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.C)Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.D)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.A)Talkbig.B)Talkatlength.C)Gossipalot.D)Forgetherself.A)Hethoughtitwascool.Heneededthepractice.Hewantedto

9、stayconnectedwiththem.Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.A)Itposesachallengetoseniors.Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.Itischildishandunprofessional.Itiscoolandconvenient.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.C)Hethinkshedeserve

10、sextrapayforovertime.D)Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.C)Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.D)Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse.B)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.D)Hisbossha

11、snosenseoffairness.A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.B)Waitandseewhathappensnext.C)Learntosaynowhennecessary.D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aft

12、eryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theimportaneeofsleeptoahealthylife.B)ReasonsforAmericansdeclineinsleepC)Sometipstoimpro

13、vethequalityofsleep.D)Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.A)Theyaremorehealth-conscious.B)Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.C)Theygetlessandlesssleep.D)Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.A)Theirweightwillgodown.B)Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.C)Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.D)Theirbloodpressurewillri

14、se.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.C)Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.D)Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.A)Thelistofcoursesstudied.B)Thefullrecordofscores.C)Thereferencesfromteachers.D)Thepersonalstatement.A)Spec

15、ifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.B)Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.C)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.D)Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.B)Itwasbuiltinthelate1

16、9thcentury.ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.B)Theytooktwopassengersonly.Theyweredifficulttodrive.Theyoftenbrokedown.A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.B)Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.C)TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.D)Theyweremadefor

17、ordinaryuse.A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld.B)ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.D)Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiv

18、eninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthepassagey

19、ouhavejustheard.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygoodandtheresgrowingevideneethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina_27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28,in

20、vestigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebetterthirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgetsTheargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernstha

21、tgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytimeWithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyearssomeadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeTntheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimprovebloodtothebrain,fuelingmemory,atte

22、ntionandcreativity,whichare34tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestresswhichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhentheyrerunnintheyromnyactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答.A)attendanceB)consequentlyC)currentD)depres

23、singE)droppingF)essentialG)feasibleH)flowI)moodJ)mutuallyK)particularlyL)performaneeM)reviewN)surviveO)tendSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisde

24、rived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHomeandContentment,TooWhenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortofIong-termcarefacilityamomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfearwhatyouwouldl

25、ikeistohaveeverythingmadeclearDoesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghomeorhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesignerQArenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefearoristhatanout-modedstereotype(固定看法)？CandoingoneshomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplacesItisgenuinelyhardtoknow.Iamabouttomak

26、ethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd

27、.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Co

28、nnecticutresidentsofassistedlivingnursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehome(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflifeemotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutt

29、hequalityofthefacilities.“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtyp”ssaidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumptiondontfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan?tIntheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdid

30、paintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorIonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,that

31、createsdifferencesinresidentsresponses“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristicshowhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”DrRobisonexplainedWhetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignific

32、ant.Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealththerefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisanint

33、eractionbetweenthepersonandtheplacenotthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcantjustsay,Letsputthispersoninaresidentialhameinsteadofanursinghomshewillbemuchbetteroff,”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere”Suchfind

34、ings,whichruncountertocommonsensehavesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariablethefacility,stsporagewhetherachainownedit；howattractivetheneighborhoodwashadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,

35、mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidentsphysicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequeneethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratings

36、ystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilitiesthelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswill

37、appearinasubsequentpost.BeforewecollectivelytearourhairouthowarewesupposedtofindourwayinaIandscapethisconfusing?hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician(老年病學(xué)專家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:“Iraway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”O(jiān)fcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktothea

38、dministratorsandresidentsandotherfamiliesanddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.ButperhapstheydontbetventthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy”DrSloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryim

39、portant.Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplaceitiselegan,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobo

40、dyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthereandsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearchthatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.36.Manypeoplefeelgu

41、iltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbe

42、tweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundr

43、esidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.AresidentssatisfactionwithacareifaCibsmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedin

44、thedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethr

45、oughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligenee(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticatedtherearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscieneeprofessorStuartRussellifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammab

46、lecode.RussellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasksitsnecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIIanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehous,eyouwouldntwantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues”saidRussellSomerobotsarealr

47、eadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexamplemobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistaneefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspaceyouwouldntthinkthatsthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossi

48、bletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachinesifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficie

49、nttestingandtheyveproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌).Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowaveithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps嘟嘟聲)，andaskfordirectionsf

50、romahuman.Ifwehumansaentquitesureaboutadecisionwegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobotsItmayconstituteacha

51、llengetocomputerprogranmers.Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.ItcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirIanguage.Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?Theyareaggressive.Theyareoutgoi

52、ng.Theyareignorant.Theyareill-bred.HowdorobotslearnhumanvaluesByinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenf

53、acinganunusualsituatio?keepadistaneefrompossibledangers.Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?Determinewhatismoralandethical.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.Setrules

54、forman-machineinteraction.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations：keepingamoderatedietengaginginregularexerciseetc.ButwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourIongevity(長壽)？Dosomekinds

55、ofpersonalitiesleadtoIongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.ThestudyshowsthatthoselivingtheIongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thanotherpeople.Long-liv

56、ingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheorythosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightc

57、onsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytoliveIonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstanee,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglifewhichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfu

58、llychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofaIongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmotherspersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourIongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianm

59、othersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwere,adwtschmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisntd(sftn運(yùn)),andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochangeButbothstudiessho

60、wthatlonglifeisnjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.51TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis_toseewhetherpeoplespersonalityaffectstheirlifespantofindoutifoneslifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealthtoinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifetoexamineallthefactors