綜合質(zhì)檢作業(yè)

1、巴黎Paris. 一座坐完美和激情相融合的城市A city of perfection and passion and, 在它的邊界上on its border, 一座宮殿有著隱秘謎不為人知的秘密a palace filled with secrets dark and strange.命運(yùn)多舛的瑪麗安 托瓦內(nèi)特的絕密書信The encrypted letters of the ill-fated Marie Antoinette火槍手們的致命絕技the deadly skills of the musketeers.暗殺武器的制作過程and the invention of an assas

2、sination machine.秘密就隱藏在眼前Secrets hidden in plain sight盡在凡爾賽宮城堡inside the Chateau of Versailles.每年Every year, 巴黎郊區(qū)on the outskirts of Paris, 都有上千萬的游客涌至曾為ten million visitors flock to a museum 曾為皇家宮殿的博物館: 凡爾賽that was once a royal palace:Versailles. 在這些房間里In these rooms,曾統(tǒng)治法國(guó)和歐洲大部分國(guó)家的君主kings ruled Fran

3、ce and much of Europe都自稱君權(quán)神授， 來降服臣民。by convincing their subjects they were appointed by god.可稱為劇院的Its a theatre, 凡爾賽宮Versailles.它是君主彰顯自己獨(dú)特個(gè)性Its a place for permanent show 和皇室權(quán)力的恒久秀場(chǎng)by the king of his unique persona and power.從1682年”太陽王”路易十四占有此宮From the arrival of the “Sun King” Louis the Fourteenth

4、in 1682,直到17891879年法國(guó)大革命打響之前until the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, 凡爾賽都是整個(gè)國(guó)家的中心Versailles was the epicentre of the nation.在這里Here,法國(guó)君主珍藏了無數(shù)稀世珍寶the monarchs of France commissioned exquisite treasures生出了漂亮的子嗣后裔made beautiful babies并開始了血腥戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)and started bloody wars. 這個(gè)莊嚴(yán)的畫廊被譽(yù)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)廳This solem

5、n gallery is known as the Hall of Battles.這里展示了許多法國(guó)軍團(tuán)Many French regiments are represented here, 許多也流傳至今including some that still exist today. 但是這種制服只流傳了幾十年But this uniform was only worn for a few decades. 制服上有火槍手的白色十字標(biāo)記It has the white cross of the Musketeer. 電影中In the movies, 一群隨遇而安的火槍手開始了一場(chǎng)探險(xiǎn)之旅th

6、e Musketeers are happy-go-lucky warriors off on an adventure.波爾多斯Porthos, 阿多斯Athos,阿拉米斯Aramis, 還有年輕的達(dá)達(dá)尼昂在一片歡and the young DArtagnan thrust and parry在一片歡呼聲中取得了勝利their way to victory with a cry of 我為人人one for all, 人人為我and all for one.但是什么是火槍手呢But what was it really like to be a Musketeer?這就是我們博物館之謎Tha

7、t is our museum secret.故事起源于17世紀(jì)的沃子爵府邸The story begins at the 17th Century Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte, 法國(guó)國(guó)王路易十四參加奢華派對(duì)時(shí)where Louis the Fourteenth attended lavish parties,隨行的就是火槍手accompanied by his Musketeers. 這些現(xiàn)代劍客是火槍手歷史和These modern swordsmen are experts in the Musketeers history 決斗技巧方面的專家and fighting

8、 technique. 現(xiàn)今他們同意培訓(xùn)新人And today they have agreed to train a new recruit.你好!Hello! 歡迎來到我的擊劍室Welcome to my fencing room!羅伯:非常感謝 Rob: Thank you very much,我叫羅伯Im Rob.見到你很開心Nice to meet you.我是米歇爾Michel羅伯特邁爾斯在三個(gè)火槍手中Robert Myles is an actor whos going to play DArtagnan飾演達(dá)達(dá)尼昂in the Three Musketeers.羅伯:今天要學(xué)點(diǎn)

9、什么呢Rob: So what are we going to be doing today then?米歇爾:我們要學(xué)習(xí)如何像火槍手一樣打斗Michel:Were going to learn how to fight like a Musketeer!哦 Ah, 聽起來不錯(cuò)sounds good to me.在這里作為一名英國(guó)演員To be here as a British actor,和這些法國(guó)人對(duì)決fighting these French,他們都是擂臺(tái)格斗賽的前世界冠軍former world champion stage combat fighters, 這樣的機(jī)會(huì)不多見you

10、dont get opportunities like that very often,說實(shí)話to be honest, 我真的特別希望我能充分好好利用好這次機(jī)會(huì)and Im really hoping that I can make the most of it.羅伯也希望能學(xué)習(xí)到Rob also hopes to learn something about火槍手作為常人的一面the Musketeers as people. 事實(shí)上達(dá)達(dá)尼昂的虛構(gòu)形象It turns out that the fictional DArtagnan 來源于加斯科涅歷史上的一位貴族was based on a

11、 real nobleman from Gascony, 這個(gè)地方以盛產(chǎn)熱血勇士聞名a region famed for producing fiery warriors.達(dá)達(dá)尼昂作為一個(gè)普通人是什么樣的What about the attitude of DArtagnan as a person?他喜歡打斗嗎Did he like fighting?他打斗是否因?yàn)樗炔坏靡袲id he do it because he had to?我是達(dá)達(dá)尼昂I am DArtagnan.你是達(dá)達(dá)尼昂You are DArtagnan,好吧okay. 如果我這樣做If I do this好吧Okay,

12、那他是喜歡爭(zhēng)斗so he wants to fight.是的Yes,很易怒 非常易怒quick to anger. Very quick to anger.好Okay, 這是條好新聞thats good stuff to know. 是不是和他的家鄉(xiāng)有關(guān)And is that because of where he comes from? 是否能看出加斯科涅的痕跡Is that a Gascon trait?噢Oh, 好吧okay.我明白了I see.現(xiàn)實(shí)中In reality,同電影中呈現(xiàn)的一樣as in the movies, 火槍手們被訓(xùn)煉練成了讓人聞風(fēng)喪膽的劍客Musketeers t

13、rained to be deadly swordsmen.打到了我這里Got me there. 絕對(duì)是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤 害我性命不保Absolutely made a mistake and it cost me my life.好萊塢的火槍手Hollywoods Musketeers 和紅衣主教的教徒爭(zhēng)斗spar with the Cardinals men多數(shù)只是了為了引人發(fā)笑and their exploits are often played for laughs. 真正的火槍手有更嚴(yán)肅的使命The real Musketeers had a more serious mission.他們制

14、服上的十字架代表著他們的圣召The crosses on their uniforms symbolized their holy calling.他們是君主的護(hù)衛(wèi)They were the kings bodyguards,也就是上帝的護(hù)衛(wèi)which made them gods bodyguards. 每一個(gè)火槍手都宣誓用生命Every Musketeer swore to protect 保護(hù)神王的安危his god-king with his life. 當(dāng)君主參加社交活動(dòng)時(shí)When the king attended social functions, 像城堡的派對(duì)like the

15、ones at this chateau,他收受到潛在刺客的威脅 he faced potential threats from assassins. 他的火槍手隨時(shí)At any second, 他的火槍手都將受到考驗(yàn)his Musketeers might be put to the test.阿拉米斯Aramis, 無論怎樣whatever you do, 不要?dú)⑺鹍ont kill him!我來告訴你如何成為一名火槍手Ill show you how to be a Musketeer.這是我父親的劍This is my fathers sword!要想扮演真正的火槍手To really

16、 play a Musketeer as is required, 并符合公眾心中的形象and as the public pictures it, 羅伯需要更加兇猛的招式和無窮的能量Rob needs to have more dramatic movements and energy.但我不擔(dān)心But Im not worried,我覺得他會(huì)成為一名優(yōu)秀的火槍手 I think he will make a good musketeer if,再來一次once again, 我們來教他加斯科涅的技巧we teach him the technique from Gascony.羅伯開始覺得

17、火槍手的一生其樂無窮Rob is starting to think that the life of a musketeer would have been great fun, 就像電影里演的一樣just like in the movies.我為人人 人人為我(法語)Un pour tous! (One for all and all for one!)但他不知道的是But what he doesnt know is that 當(dāng)路易十四宣戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候when Louis the Fourteenth declared war, 一切都變了everything changed. 為了解情況

18、To understand what happened, 羅伯參觀了凡爾賽的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)廳 Rob visits Versailles Hall of Battles 拜訪了歷史學(xué)家 哈爾維德維拉to meet historian, Herv Drvillon.他們的使命Their mission, 首先first,是保護(hù)國(guó)王的安全 was to protect the kings life. 但是他們的使命也包括參戰(zhàn)But they also had the mission to fight in battles. 在他們的旗幟上On their flag, 你能看到一枚炸彈正在墜落you can

19、see a bomb falling. 他們的口號(hào)是And the motto was “所經(jīng)之地 所向披靡”Where they fall, the death is running with them. 我明白了I see.好的 Okay. 好吧Right.是這樣Yes. 就是只要他們出現(xiàn)So wherever they go.就會(huì)所向披靡death follows with them. 是的Right. 哇Wow.真是圣言 Biblical.作為國(guó)王的護(hù)衛(wèi)As the kings men, 人們期望他們是最勇敢they were expected to be the bravest 最能

20、引領(lǐng)大家的領(lǐng)袖and the ones to lead the charge.他們常常被稱為敢死隊(duì)They were often called enfants perdus, 迷失的孩子lost children.迷失的孩子? Lost children? 真的嗎Really?是的Yes. 他們被這樣稱呼They were called so 是因?yàn)樵趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)中有非常高的死亡率because there was a very high rate of losses during the fight.電影中In the movies,達(dá)達(dá)尼昂最終完成了自己的使命the story ends with

21、 DArtagnan receiving his commission 成為了真正的火槍手and a musket.現(xiàn)實(shí)中In real life, 達(dá)達(dá)尼昂被火槍擊中喉嚨 DArtagnan got a musket-ball through the throat 死于戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)and died on the battlefield.很多的火槍手在保衛(wèi)神王的戰(zhàn)斗中死去So many musketeers were lost defending their god-king 而路易十四最終淘汰了這支軍團(tuán)that Louis the Fourteenth retired the name of the

22、 company.說到這Coming into this, 很顯然obviously, 僅從流行文化中了解達(dá)達(dá)尼昂是不夠的with only an understanding of DArtagnan from pop culture, 我確信自己現(xiàn)在能呈現(xiàn)不一樣的達(dá)達(dá)尼昂its really shown me how I can maybe do it differently 或許打破我來這之前的想法and perhaps change the performance做出不同的表演that I was intending to give prior to coming here.一個(gè)黑暗的A

23、 darker, 勵(lì)志的達(dá)達(dá)尼昂或許是時(shí)勢(shì)所需grittier DArtagnan may be just what is needed 帶領(lǐng)火槍手走向新時(shí)代to revive the Musketeer franchise for a new generation. 接下來是Up next 國(guó)王情婦的神秘之死the mysterious death of a kings mistress.在凡爾賽宮At the Palace of Versailles, 法國(guó)國(guó)王基于鞏固政治同盟的需要來選擇妻子the kings of France chose their wives to enhance

24、political alliances 并選擇王位繼承人 and produce heirs to the throne. 但是為了愛情和肉體歡愉But for love, and for sexual pleasure, 國(guó)王將目光投向了kings looked elsewhere 宮廷外的女子to the ladies-in-waiting of their court. 法國(guó)歷史上最著名的凡爾賽宮情婦Some of the most famous mistresses in French history graced Versailles 蓬巴杜夫人Madame de Pompadour

25、,杜巴麗夫人 Madame du Barry, 和路易斯第十四的蒙特斯潘夫人and Louis the Fourteenths Madame de Montespan.蒙特斯潘夫人是當(dāng)時(shí)擁有絕頂智慧和美貌的女子She was enormously clever and the greatest beauty of her generation. 她富有激情She was extremely passionate, 光彩奪人extremely glamorous. 賭博時(shí)如同酩酊大醉的士兵She gambled like a drunken soldier行床第笫之事時(shí)如同巴黎的放蕩女a(chǎn)nd m

26、ade love like a Parisian whore. 她的個(gè)性非常鮮明She was really a quite extraordinary character. 作為國(guó)王的情婦 And it wasnt considered at all scandalous 并不被認(rèn)為是可恥的行徑to be the lover of the king. 私生子不可避免The inevitable illegitimate children國(guó)王的多情such liaisons produced 被視為男性氣概were welcomed as proof of a kings virility.但

27、有一段時(shí)間 But there was a time 情婦的身份是可恥的when it was scandalous to be a mistress. 在動(dòng)蕩的十五世紀(jì)In the turbulent 15th Century, 法國(guó)大部分地區(qū)被英國(guó)侵占much of France was occupied by the English.法國(guó)國(guó)王The French King, 查理七世Charles the Seventh, 被迫同他的王庭一起was forced to flee with his court 從巴黎逃到了盧瓦爾河谷from Paris to the Loire valle

28、y. 雖然查理有妻兒Although Charles had a wife and children,但他為另外一位女子所傾倒he was transfixed by the arrival of a new lady 這名女子叫阿涅絲索蕾in waiting named Agnes Sorel. 查理帶阿涅絲上了他的床Charles took Agnes to his bed.但是當(dāng)了國(guó)王6六年的情婦后 But after 6 years as the kings mistress,這位年輕的女子突然身亡 死因不明the young woman dropped dead of unknown

29、 causes.阿涅絲索蕾到底怎么死的How did Agnes Sorel die?有留下證明其死因的證據(jù)嗎?And did she leave a mark on history? 這些就是我們的博物館之謎Those are our museum secrets.在今天的法國(guó) In France today, 法醫(yī)界的古病理學(xué)家there is no history detective more accomplished 菲利浦查理than forensic paleo-pathologist, 是還原歷史的最佳人選Philippe Charlier.我的工作是進(jìn)行法醫(yī)尸檢My job i

30、s doing forensic autopsies. 所以我必須采集所有的樣品So I have to take all these samples,進(jìn)行分析 以調(diào)查死因to analyze them in order to say what is the cause of death, 死亡發(fā)生時(shí)的周圍環(huán)境是什么樣what is the circumstances of death, 死亡方式the manner of death. 我就像醫(yī)生一樣Im like a doctor, 但是一名”太晚”的醫(yī)生but a too late doctor.最近Recently, 查理到理徹斯小鎮(zhèn)C

31、harlier went to the town of Loches 來調(diào)查阿涅絲索蕾的死因to investigate the death of Agnes Sorel.有人猜測(cè)她最后的停留位置就是在小鎮(zhèn)的Some suspected that her final resting place was here, 這座中世紀(jì)教堂里in this medieval church.圣壇旁邊Beside the altar 是一副石棺 there is a sarcophagus 上有一個(gè)帶翅膀的天使with the wings of an angel 一行小字寫著”美麗女子”and an insc

32、ription that reads “the woman of beauty.”所以我們想進(jìn)行尸檢So we wanted to exhume the body, 檢查尸體的殘留物or what remain of the body, 首先確定這個(gè)物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)and to first confirm the identity of this individual then try, 再有可能的話if possible, 查明這個(gè)女子的死因to find the cause of death for this woman.埋葬的骨灰盒里是一個(gè)人類頭骨。The burial urn contain

33、ed a human skull. 牙齒分析表明死者是一名年輕女性Analysis of the teeth revealed it was that of a young woman.面部特征與阿涅絲索蕾安吉里斯索瑞爾相符And facial reconstruction matched the likeness of Agnes Sorel. 她的石棺埋葬在城堡的附近Her coffin is next door to the castle 也是她度過她生命最后幾年的地方where she spent the last years of her life. 在這里Here, 她給查理國(guó)王生

34、了三個(gè)子女she bore King Charles three children, 也在時(shí)尚發(fā)展史上綻放了自己的光彩and also made her mark on the history of fashion.她身穿非常有名的蕾絲裙子She wore one of these famous lace dresses 凸顯了她得天獨(dú)厚的身材that allowed her to show off her magnificent bosom.阿涅絲把以前妓女的打扮風(fēng)格帶到了宮廷Agnes brought a style formerly reserved for prostitutes to

35、 the kings court. 但她不是單純的花瓶But she wasnt just eye candy. 她對(duì)政治有著強(qiáng)烈的興趣She took a keen interest in politics.阿涅絲了解到法國(guó)同英國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前景堪憂Agnes learned that the war with the English was going badly, 因?yàn)樗類鄣膰?guó)王為了支付軍隊(duì)費(fèi)用花光了錢because her beloved king had run out of money 支付軍隊(duì)費(fèi)用花光了錢to pay his troops.她用自身魅力說服有錢的貴族支援國(guó)王She u

36、sed her considerable charm to convince rich nobles to back the king.利用美貌的優(yōu)勢(shì)Without taking undue advantage of her stunning looks, 她資助了查理七世的軍隊(duì)she made it possible for Charles VII to finance his campaign.有了這些資源With these resources,查理打敗了英國(guó) Charles defeated the English 保衛(wèi)了邊境的安寧and secured his borders. 為向

37、阿涅絲表示感謝To show Agnes his appreciation, 查理做出了法國(guó)君主從沒有過的舉動(dòng)the king did something no French king had done before: 他封阿涅絲為”皇室情婦”He made her his official mistress.這名皇室情婦在宮廷里立即上任The official mistress was effectively a job at court.她有自己的寢殿 She would have her own apartment. 她有自己的仆人She would have her own serva

38、nts. 她有權(quán)接見拜訪She would receive visits in her own right 如同宮廷里其他權(quán)貴一樣as a significant member of the court.教廷高層非常震驚Church elders were horrified 卑微的情婦竟然擁有如此高的地位that a mere mistress should be given such high status.查理未受恐嚇Undeterred, 他做出了更讓人出乎意料的舉動(dòng)Charles went one step further: 他公開表達(dá)了對(duì)阿涅絲的愛意he showed his lo

39、ve for Agnes 讓他們的子嗣合法化by making their children legitimate.這個(gè)舉動(dòng)激怒了查理的長(zhǎng)子This infuriated Charles eldest son, 他擔(dān)心這會(huì)威脅到他的王位繼承who feared the children would one day threaten his claim to the throne.有可能就是這些人想辦法想要除掉她他It is possible that these people thought of ways to get rid of her.她的敵人有理由置她于死地Her enemies h

40、ad reasons to want her dead. 但是要發(fā)現(xiàn)她被謀殺的證據(jù)But to discover proof that she was murdered, 菲利普查理菲利浦查理需要通過尸檢Dr. Philippe Charlier needed to determine her cause of death, 來確定她的死因by examining the physical evidence.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有大量的蟲卵和寄生蟲We found a lot of eggs and a lot of parasites 殘留在她的體內(nèi)inside the remains of the body.查理還檢測(cè)出少量的汞Charlier also detected small amounts of mercury.為什么會(huì)有汞Why mercury? 我們知道汞的用途W(wǎng)e know that mercury was used 在這個(gè)時(shí)期during thi