2023版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材知識梳理Unit4HistoryAndTraditions課件新人教版必修第二冊

1、UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.Confucius n.孔子2.mansion n.公館；宅第3.cemetery n.墓地；公墓4.philosophy n.哲學(xué)5.descendant n.后裔；后代；子孫6.heel n.足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟7.kingdom n.王國；領(lǐng)域8.chief adj.最重要的；最高級別的n.(公司或機構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長9.nearby adj.附近的；鄰近的adv.在附近10.currency n.通貨；貨幣11.military adj.軍事的；軍用的12.conquer vt.占領(lǐng)；征服；控制13.

2、port n.港口(城市)14.gallery n.(藝術(shù)作品的)展覽館；畫廊15.landscape n.(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風(fēng)景16.butter n.黃油；奶油vt.涂黃油于17.honey n.蜂蜜18.ancestor n.祖宗；祖先19.courtyard n.庭院；院子20.snack n.點心；小吃21.poet n.詩人22.county n.(英國、愛爾蘭的)郡；(美國的)縣23.feast n.盛宴；宴會；節(jié)日24.roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動n.卷(軸)；翻滾25.dot n.點；小(圓)點vt.加點；遍布26.cattle n.牛27.roar v

3、i.& n.吼叫；咆哮28.ocean n.大海；海洋29.scent n.氣味；氣息30.pub n.酒吧；酒館31.wine n.葡萄酒；果酒32.beer n.(一杯)啤酒33.stew n.燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.& vi.燉；煨34.striking adj.引人注目的；顯著的高頻詞匯1._ adj.單獨的；個別的n.個人2._ n.戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奮斗3._ n.收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電4._ n.金額；數(shù)量individualbattle5._ n.方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近chargeamountapproach6._ v

4、t.保證；確保；擔(dān)保position7._ n.位置；姿態(tài)；職位8._ n.風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣customensure拓展詞匯1._ n.謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑_ adj.感到困惑的_ adj.令人困惑的puzzlement n.迷惑puzzlepuzzledpuzzling2._ vi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)belongings n.財產(chǎn)；所有物belongdefencelegallyillegalillegally3.defend vt.防御；保衛(wèi)_ n.防御；保衛(wèi)4.legal adj.法律的；合法的_ adv.法律地；合法地_ adj.非法的；違法的_ adv.非法地；違法地5

5、._ vt. 圍繞；包圍_ adj. 周圍的surroundings n.周圍的環(huán)境surroundsurrounding6._ n.證據(jù)；證明evident adj.顯而易見的_ adv.顯然evidenceevidently7._ vt.完成；達到；實現(xiàn)_ n.成就；成績；達到achievable adj.可實現(xiàn)的8.locate vt.位于；確定的位置_ n.地方；地點；位置achieveachievementlocation9._ vt.深深吸引；迷住_ adj.極有吸引力的；迷人的_ adj.入迷的；極感興趣的fascinationn.入迷；著迷fascinatefascinatin

6、gfascinated10.announce vt.宣布；通知；宣稱_ n.公告；宣告；通告announcement11._ adj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的generosity n.慷慨；大方generouseagereagerly12._ adj.熱切的；渴望的_ adv.急切地；渴望地eagerness n.熱切；渴望13.greet vt.問候；迎接_ n.問候greeting14.crowd n. 人群；一群人；民眾vt. 擠滿；使擁擠_ adj.擁擠的(續(xù)表)crowded聯(lián)想積累【派生構(gòu)詞】eagerly(形容詞副詞后綴-ly同義副詞)politely 禮貌地rudely 粗魯?shù)豧

7、ortunately 幸運地apparently 明顯地【合成構(gòu)詞】courtyard(名詞 1名詞 2新名詞)gateway 通道doorbell 門鈴scholarship 獎學(xué)金motherland 祖國重點短語1.join._.把和連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來2.break away (_ sb./sth.) 脫離；背叛；逃脫3._ to 屬于tofrombelongas4.as well _ 同(一樣也)；和；還5.in _ of 為了防御/保衛(wèi)6.be _ by/with 被包圍7.a sense of _ 成就感8.keep your _ open (for)留心；留意eyes9.charge

8、 sb.money _ sth.為某物收某人錢for10.be _ to do sth.渴望做某事11.be _ with 擠滿；充滿crowdeddefencesurroundedachievementeager精選佳句教材原句ifany1.So what is the difference between them, _？那么，如果有區(qū)別的話，它們之間的區(qū)別是什么呢？句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 1：if 的省略結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句2.The capital city London is a great place to start, _ _ _ _ _ _ thathas a history dating al

9、l the way back to Roman times.首都倫敦是一個很好的起點，因為它是一個古老的港口城市，其歷史可以追溯到羅馬時代。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 2：as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句asitisanancientportcity教材原句3.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car parknear Trafalgar Square, where we could _ _ _ _.朱迪和我把我們的汽車停在了特拉法爾加廣場附近的一個地下停車場，在那里我們可以給汽車充電。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 3：get賓語賓補getourcarbatterycha

10、rged教材原句while4.On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on yourskin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers _birds greet the new day with their morning song.在山間一個寧靜的早晨，感受陽光照在你的皮膚上，呼吸到鮮花的芳香，而鳥兒用他們的晨歌迎接新的一天。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 4：while 連接的并列句教材原句itisnotsurprisingthat5.With all this beauty, _ _ _ _

11、 Ireland has developed strong traditions thatinclude music, dancing, and dining.有了這些美景，愛爾蘭發(fā)展出包括音樂、舞蹈和餐飲在內(nèi)的強大傳統(tǒng)也就不足為奇了。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 5：it 作形式主語課文復(fù)現(xiàn)Studying British history can help you understand 1._the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean.In the16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom

12、of England.In the18th century, Scotland was joined 2._ (create) theKingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom ofIreland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britainand Ireland.However, the southern part of Ireland 3._(break) away from the UK, which resulted 4._ the fullname

13、 we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland.whatto createbrokeinAlthough the four countries work together in some areas, theystill have some 5._ (different).The United Kingdomhas a long and interesting history to explore, 6._ can helpyou understand much more about the cou

14、ntry and 7._ (it)traditions.No matter where you go in the UK, you will8._ (surround) by evidence that four different groupsof people who took over at different times throughouthistory.Studying the history of the country will make your visitmuch more 9._ (enjoy).The UK is a fascinating mix ofhistory

15、and modern culture, with both new and old 10._(tradition).enjoyabletraditionsdifferenceswhichitsbe surrounded單句語法填空1.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the futurebelongs _ the welleducated.toas2.This training program can give you a lift at work, as well_ increase your income by 40%.3

16、.All the people were fighting against the flood in _(defend) of their own homes.defence4.The small village is _ (surround) with greenmountains and clear rivers, attracting visitors from every corner.5.Modern science has given clear _ (evident) thatsmoking can lead to many diseases.evidence6.Accordin

17、g to the map, the _ (locate) of the factoryis close to the railway.locationlegally7.In that country, children under sixteen are not _(legal) allowed to buy cigarettes.surrounded8.In addition, I wonder how much you will charge me_ the sixweek course.forwas announced9.It _ (announce) that only when th

18、e firewas under control would the residents be permitted to return totheir homes.Approaching10._ (approach) the vehicle, they saw that awoman was trying to get out of the broken window.1.belong vi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)【原句】 The four countries that belong to the UnitedKingdom work together in some areas.(教材 P40)同

19、屬于聯(lián)合王國的這四個國家在某些領(lǐng)域緊密合作。【典例】(2019浙江卷語法填空)The students feel that they belongto a particular group.這些學(xué)生感到他們屬于某個群體。All members have a sense of belonging and are willing todevote themselves to the development of the community.所有成員都有一種歸屬感，并且愿意為社區(qū)的發(fā)展奉獻自己。 He was told to pack up all of his letters and person

20、albelongings.他被告知整理好他的全部信件和個人物品?！練w納】belong to 屬于【點津】belong to 既不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能用于進行時態(tài)，其中的 to 是介詞；作后置定語時，形式為“.belonging to”?！就卣埂縝elongings n.財產(chǎn)；所有物a sense of belonging 歸屬感【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空(1)As is known to us, China is a country _ (belong)to the third world.belongingbelongings(2)Having sold most of his _ (bel

21、ong), he almosthad nothing left in the house.to(3)It is a day that belongs _ everyone, and it iscelebrated in most countries of the world.2.surround vt.圍繞；包圍【原句】 Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will besurrounded by evidence of four different groups of people whotook over at different times t

22、hroughout history.(教材 P40)英國歷史上有四個不同民族在不同歷史時期接管這個國家。無論你身處英國何方，這些民族的痕跡都隨處可見?！镜淅縏he lake is surrounded with/by trees and flowers. 這個湖被綠樹和鮮花包圍著。 They all went out to look for the lost child in thesurrounding villages.他們都出去到周圍的村子里尋找那個走失的孩子。Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings, we feelvery h

23、appy.生活在美麗舒適的環(huán)境中，我們感到很幸福?！練w納】surround.with.用包圍be surrounded with/by.被包圍【拓展】surrounding adj.周圍的surroundings n.周圍的環(huán)境【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空surroundedsurrounding(1)Looking around, I found myself _ (surround)by a group of children full of curiosity.(2)From the top of the tower you can see all the _(surround) villa

24、ges.surroundings(3)As is wellknown to us, everyone likes to work in pleasant_ (surround).with/by(4)The teacher, who was surrounded _ her students,sat on the grass.3.achievement n.成就；成績；達到【原句】 Some of their great achievements included buildingtowns and roads.(教材 P40)他們的一些偉大成就包括建設(shè)城鎮(zhèn)和道路?！镜淅?To our sat

25、isfaction, we have made many achievements sofar.令我們滿意的是，到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)取得了許多成就。We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached thetop of the mountain.當(dāng)我們到達山頂時，我們有一種巨大的成就感。 To achieve his goal, he takes full advantage of everyminute.為了實現(xiàn)他的目標，他充分利用每一分鐘。【歸納】make an achievement/achievements 取得成就a sense

26、of achievement 成就感【拓展】(1)achieve vt.實現(xiàn)；達到；完成achieve success 取得成功achieve ones goal/dream 實現(xiàn)某人的目標/夢想(2)achievable adj.可實現(xiàn)的【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空achievements(1)The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize forPhysics for those great _ (achieve) made by her.(2)Even a small success can give you _ sense ofachieve

27、ment.aachievable(3)It is often a good idea to start with smaller, easily _(achieve) goals.4.charge n.收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電【原句】 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground carpark near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car batterycharged.(教材 P42)朱迪和我把車停在了特拉法爾加廣場附近的一個地下停車場，在那兒我們可以給汽車充電?！镜淅縃o

28、w much do you charge for the repairs ？你收多少修理費？ The company charged him with using the companysmoney for his own purpose.公司指控他挪用公司的錢為自己謀私利。If you buy this machine, the delivery will be free of charge.如果你購買這臺機器，將免費送貨。The company was badly organized until she took charge ofit.在她掌管這家公司之前，公司一直管理很差?！練w納】ch

29、arge sb.some money for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人收取費用charge sb.with (doing) sth. accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事free of charge 免費take charge of.主管/負責(zé)in charge of.負責(zé)/掌管in the charge of.由負責(zé)【點津】in charge of 往往以人作主語，指“某人負責(zé)(主管)某事”；in the charge of 往往以物作主語，指“某物由某人主管”。類似的短語還有：in control of (控制)，in the contr

30、ol of (由控制)；in possession of (擁有)，in the possession of (被擁有)?！炯磳W(xué)即用】單句語法填空forof(1)He charged me 80 yuan _ mending my computer.(2)Museums special exhibition area will now be free_ hechargeof完成句子，每空一詞(3)史密斯先生在老板不在時負責(zé)這家公司。The company is _ _ _ _Mr.Smith while the boss is away.in/takeschargeof M

31、r.Smith is _ _ _ the companywhile the boss is away.5.approach n.方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近【原句】 It was hard to approach the painting as there wereso many people around.(教材 P42)由于周圍有很多人，所以很難接近那幅畫?！镜淅?I appreciate the teachers new approach to teachinglanguages.我欣賞這位老師教授語言的新方法。His spirits rose at the a

32、pproach of the summer holiday.隨著暑假的臨近，他的精神振奮起來。We must approach the problem from a different standpoint.我們必須換一種角度來處理這個問題?！練w納】an approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途徑；通往的道路the approach of.的來臨/臨近at the approach of.隨著的來臨be approaching 臨近，靠近【點津】an approach to.中的 to 為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞?！就卣埂勘硎尽皝砼R，靠近”的短語還有：be co

33、ming, draw near, be onthe way, be around the corner 等?！炯磳W(xué)即用】寫出下列句子中 approach 的中文含義(1)A number of companies that are interested in our productshave approached us._接洽(2)Their domestic reforms did nothing to approach theproblem of unemployment._處理(3)We will be exploring different approaches to gatherin

34、ginformation._方法working單句語法填空(4)Facing up to your problems rather than running away fromthem is the best approach to _ (work) things out.1.break away (from sb./sth.) 脫離；背叛；逃脫【原句】 Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part ofIreland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full namewe have

35、today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland.(教材 P40)最后，在二十世紀時，愛爾蘭南部脫離了聯(lián)合王國，這導(dǎo)致了今天的英國的全稱：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國?！镜淅縎ome hundred years later, the Great Flu epidemic broke outin 1918, also known as the Spanish Flu, killing 50 million people.幾百年后，1918 年爆發(fā)了大流感，也被稱為西班牙流感，造成5000 萬人死亡。We arrived

36、home early and were surprised to find a burglartrying to break into our house.我們很早就到家了，意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)一個竊賊正試圖闖入我們的房子。【拓展】break down (機器)出故障；(身體)垮掉；(精神)崩潰；(談判等)失?。环纸鈈reak up 解散；分手；(婚姻、戀愛關(guān)系)破裂break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等)爆發(fā)，發(fā)生break in 插嘴；打斷；闖入break into 闖入break through 取得突破【即學(xué)即用】補全句子，每空一詞brokeup(1)She went through a pe

37、riod of emotional adjustment afterher marriage _ _ (破裂).brokedown(2)When the bus _ _ ( 出故障), she and herhusband were able to fix it with a coat hanger and a piece of wood.(3)They had escaped to America shortly before war _ (爆發(fā)) in 1939.brokeout(4)If you cant afford to take a 15 minute to _ _ (離開) yo

38、ur desk and computer screen, take aminibreak by standing up and stretching.awayfrom(5)She longed to _ _ ( 打 斷 ) on theirconversation but didnt want to appear rude.breakin(6)Scientists think they are beginning to _ _(取得突破) in the fight against cancer.breakthroughbreak2.as well as 同(一樣也)；和；還【原句】They u

39、se the same flag, known as the Union Jack, aswell as share the same currency and military defence.(教材 P40)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣，他們也使用同一面國旗?！镜淅緿r.Smith, as well as his wife and daughter, is going to visitBeijing this summer.史密斯博士以及他的妻子和女兒將于今年夏天訪問北京。I wish I could speak English as well as he can.我希望自己英語講得跟他一

40、樣好。 We are going to the cinema tonight, and why dont youcome along as well？我們今天晚上打算去看電影，你為什么不也一起來呢？【點津】(1)當(dāng)as well as 連接并列主語時，句子的謂語要與 as well as前的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。有類似用法的詞語還有：with,together with, along with, rather than, like, including 等。(2) 主謂一致中，采用“就近原則”的有：neither.nor.,either.or., not only.but also., n

41、ot.but., there be.。(3)as well 意為“也”，置于肯定句句末。(4)表示“與一樣好”的短語有 as well as 和 as good as，其中 well 是副詞，good 是形容詞?！炯磳W(xué)即用】單句語法填空likes(1)Peter as well as his friends _ (like) to listen toclassical music.well(2)To my surprise, Xiao Wang speaks English as _(good) as Chinese.going(3)As well as _ (go) to the movie

42、s and footballmatches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets.3.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意【原句】 If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised tofind that you can see both its past and its present.(教材 P41)如果你留心，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你能看到英國的過去和現(xiàn)在?！镜淅縄f you keep your eyes open, you will make few

43、mistakes.如果你留心一下，你就會很少犯錯誤。Many old people cannot keep up with the development oftechnology.許多老年人不能跟上科技的發(fā)展。 Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitiveworld.沒有人能夠完全遠離這個競爭社會。Besides building up my body and enriching my knowledge,they also keep me free from the heavy work of study.除了讓我強身健體、知識豐富

44、外，它們還讓我免除了繁重的學(xué)習(xí)負擔(dān)。【拓展】keep up with 跟上；趕上keep away from 遠離；避開；不接近keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep (on) doing sth.一直做某事keep in touch with.與保持聯(lián)系keep.free from/of.使免受(影響、傷害等)【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空forgettingin(1)Please keep your eyes open _ a boy in a redsweater.(2)We must keep them from _ (get) to know ourplans

45、.(3)Of course I can keep _ touch with everyonethrough Facebook.1.On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun onyour skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers whilebirds greet the new day with their morning song.( 教材 P44) 在山間一個寧靜的早晨，感受陽光照在你的皮膚上，呼吸到鮮花的芳香，而鳥兒用他們的晨歌迎接新的一天。【剖析】 本句是復(fù)合句。句

46、中 while 并列連詞，連接兩個分句，意為“而；然而”，表前后意義上的對比或轉(zhuǎn)折?！镜淅?2021全國乙卷閱讀理解 D)The problem may be that, inour offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into othersconversations while were trying to focus.問題可能是，在我們的辦公室里，當(dāng)我們試圖集中注意力時，我們無法阻止自己卷入別人的談話中。(2021 新高考卷 閱讀理解 D)The ability to accuratelyunderstand how ot

47、hers are feeling may be used by a doctor to findhow best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it tocontrol potential victims.醫(yī)生可能利用這種準確理解他人感受的能力來找到最好的幫助病人的方法，而騙子可能利用這種能力來控制潛在的受害者。連詞引導(dǎo)含義while時間狀語從句當(dāng)時候；和同時讓步狀語從句雖然；盡管并列句(表示對比)然而(2021浙江卷閱讀理解 B)We just send them out into thegarden and tell the

48、m not to come back in for a while.我們只是把他們送到花園里，告訴他們暫時不要回來?！军c津】連詞含義用法while當(dāng)時候從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞when當(dāng)時候從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可是非延續(xù)性動詞【拓展】while 還可以做名詞，意為“一段時間；一會兒”，其搭配有：for a while ( 一會), after a while ( 一段時間之后), once in awhile (偶爾)。【辨析】 while 與 when【即學(xué)即用】寫出下列句中 while 的中文含義當(dāng)時候(1)(2021 新高考 卷 聽力)Marie, if no one

49、 takes care ofyour children while youre away, Jennifer and I will be glad to havethem stay with us._(2)After walking for a while, the travelers found themselveslost in the forest._一會雖然，盡管(3)While I am willing to help, I do not have much timeavailable._(4)Tom is very good at science, while his brothe

50、r does well inliterature._然而2.With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland hasdeveloped strong traditions that include music, dancing, anddining.(教材 P44)有了這些美景，愛爾蘭發(fā)展出包括音樂、舞蹈和餐飲在內(nèi)的強大傳統(tǒng)也就不足為奇了?！酒饰觥?本句是復(fù)合句。 It is/was surprising that. 意為“是令人吃驚的”，it 在句中作形式主語，代指后面 that引導(dǎo)的主語從句?！镜淅?2021全國乙卷七選五型閱

51、讀理解)According to JessicaHagy, author of How to Be Interesting, its not difficult to makeyourself interesting at a dinner party.根據(jù)如何變得有趣的作者杰西卡哈格的說法，讓自己在晚宴上變得有趣并不難。 (2021 全國甲卷閱讀理解 D)It is said that history iswritten by victors, and those victors set the standards for admissionto the genius club.據(jù)說歷史是由

52、勝利者書寫的，而這些勝利者為天才俱樂部的入會設(shè)定了標準。(2021新高考卷聽力)It takes twenty minutes to reachyour place.到你的地方需要 20 分鐘?！練w納】【即學(xué)即用】單項語法填空Itto(1)_ took her a long time to push her way through thecrowd.(2)(2021 新高考卷 聽力)So its important _ firstfind out the words you mispronounce.(3)It is no use _ (waste) time discussing how i

53、thappened.wasting補全句子，每空一詞Itisapitythat(4)_ _ _ _ _ ( 很可惜) the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century dont attractvisitors.【題目】為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化，欣賞中國美麗的自然風(fēng)光，感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化，某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州，內(nèi)容包括：1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16，000 多平方公里)及歷史(2200 多年)等；2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風(fēng)景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等)；3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意：1.詞數(shù) 80 左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautifulcity.Dating back over 2，200 years, Ha