首字母填空教學(xué)分享

1、首字母填空教學(xué)分享首字母填空解題技巧與訓(xùn)練策略 漕溪路校區(qū) 楊地發(fā)1首字母填空教學(xué)分享一.首字母填空概述二.解題技巧與經(jīng)典例題解析三.提分策略2首字母填空概述全局觀念中考英語(yǔ)首字母完形填空題實(shí)際上是恢復(fù)原貌式的閱讀理解題，各種短文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，段落清楚，首句一般不設(shè)空， 便于學(xué)生依據(jù)首句提示進(jìn)行整體理解。關(guān)注實(shí)詞 首字母填空的題目一般在一句話中的關(guān)鍵詞設(shè)空。關(guān)鍵詞多是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞固定搭如.be able to 等實(shí)詞，有時(shí)涉及介詞與連詞的考查。主要是考查學(xué)生詞語(yǔ)搭配，正確辨析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的能力。邏輯關(guān)系 利用邏輯關(guān)系是首字母填空設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中用得較多方法之一。3解題技巧與提分策略

2、快速能讀全文，了解文章大意，正確分析歸納文章主旨。在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，了解空格所缺詞的詞性，確保語(yǔ)法的正確性，注意數(shù)的變化?？紤]語(yǔ)境上下文呼應(yīng)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維進(jìn)行推理，再根據(jù)自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短語(yǔ)、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞形式和句子結(jié)構(gòu) ，先完成簡(jiǎn)單的，把難的留在后面。再細(xì)讀全文，集中精力解決難點(diǎn)，填空補(bǔ)缺。答題完畢，遵循由整體到局部、由局部到整體的規(guī)律，再耐心通讀全文，認(rèn)真復(fù)查所填答案是否得當(dāng)，語(yǔ)法是否正確，邏輯推理是否合理。4空格所缺詞性注意點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng) 聯(lián)系文章的主題，注意它的單復(fù)數(shù)如2008中考：Of course, London, like any large city, has pr

3、oblems, too.很多學(xué)生都填了problem漏加了s動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意它的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、三單及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如2006年中考：This added about an hour to my journey, so I was not happy.這里同學(xué)們?nèi)绻芟氲絘dd已經(jīng)很不容易，沒加ed就非?？上Я?。連詞，注意文章中前后句和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。5形容詞和副詞時(shí)，注意比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法We feel isolated（孤立的）sometimes, too, especially since the nearest neighbors are almost 100 km away.填入

4、的詞邏輯根據(jù)為near，語(yǔ)法根據(jù)為最高級(jí)，因?yàn)榍耙粋€(gè)詞是the，后面是100 km away代詞，注意它的性、數(shù)、格是否準(zhǔn)確介詞，注意它的固定搭配和常用語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)6經(jīng)典例題解析根據(jù)上下文的情景確定“意義”上正確的詞。 I was making a trip from Paris to London .At asmall town near Lodon,I stopped to do some s_.As I was going into a very crowded shop.I saw a few young people talking about something they had ju

5、st b_.7本段主要講作者在倫敦的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn) 經(jīng)歷。在第一個(gè)空格上，由下文a verycrowded這個(gè)詞組可以推斷應(yīng)填shopping,這樣也就很容易判斷第二個(gè)空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填bought了。I was making a trip from Paris toLondon .At a small town near Lodon,I stopped to do some shopping.As I was going into a very crowded shop.I saw a few young people talking about something they had just bough

6、t.例2 This is a special class.The studentscome from different c_.Somecome from Germany , othersfromAmerica,Europe ,France.Their parents are_in Shanghai.8解析：這是一個(gè)特殊的班級(jí)，學(xué)生們來(lái)于不同的地方 。根據(jù)上下文提到America，Germany，F(xiàn)rance可以判斷第一格指的是國(guó)家countries,由此也推斷出學(xué)生的父母目前在上海工作。第二格由于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞，所以這里的時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示目前狀態(tài)。故應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞working.例2 T

7、his is a special class.The students come from different contriesSome come from Germany , others from America, Europe ,France.Their parents are working in Shanghai.9本段主要講一位女士經(jīng)過(guò)減肥后可以穿上一條牛仔褲，并要演示給她丈夫看的情景。第一格表達(dá)主人公的感覺很發(fā)，因此填felt,第二格表達(dá)她能夠穿上牛仔褲了，be able to 為固定搭配。After going a diet,a woman felt really good a

8、bout herself-especially she was able to fit into a pair of jeans. Look ,Look! she shouted while running downstairs to show her husband.例4.In March1982，there was a_drought in Australia.The summer rain didnt fall,and the grass didnt grow.The farmers had to sell all their sheep.Many sheep d_of hungry.1

9、0從下句the summer .推斷這是一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的干旱，第一空格填terrible.根據(jù)上文提及的嚴(yán)重干旱可以知道由此而導(dǎo)致很多羊死于饑餓，die of 是固定詞組，第二空格填died .In March1982，there was a terrible drought in Australia.The summer rain didnt fall,and the grass didnt grow.The farmers had to sell all their sheep.Many sheep died of hungry.11根據(jù)詞匯的辨析和詞組的搭配來(lái)解題意義相近的詞是首字母填空命時(shí)常

10、用的手段之一，在做此類題目時(shí)，必須要在特定的語(yǔ)境中分析注意空格所缺的單詞詞性或者固定的詞組搭配來(lái)進(jìn)行。例：After going a diet,a woman f_really good about herself-especially she was a _ to fit into a pair of jeans. Look ,Look! she shouted while running downstairs to show her husband.12利用邏輯關(guān)系解題利用邏輯關(guān)系是首字母填空設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中用得較多的方法之一。解這類題目需要我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)過(guò)程中多注意周圍生活常識(shí)、行文的脈絡(luò)及句子之

11、間轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系。例5：Western country music describes life. It talks about love,jobs,home and money.It talks about friends and enemies ,farms and corps.Poeple in many parts of the world like western country music b_ everyone knows somethings about these ideas.13我們中國(guó)人對(duì)于西方鄉(xiāng)村音樂還是有所了解的，它描述生活中的一些事情，如愛情，事業(yè)家庭，朋友，農(nóng)場(chǎng)，莊稼等

12、，人們對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村音樂耳濡目染。本段的最后一句因與前文存在因果關(guān)系，因此填because.Western country music describes life. It talks about love,jobs,home and money.It talks about friends and enemies ,farms and corps.Poeple in many parts of the world like western country music becauseeveryone knows somethings about these ideas.例6 Amonth later,

13、Mary hadnt heard from Peter or received any money,s_she poned him.14根據(jù)上下文，Mary hadnt heard from Peter和下文She phoned him可以判斷兩句之間存在著因果關(guān)系。因此填so.Amonth later,Mary hadnt heard from Peter or received any money,so she poned him.15根據(jù)文章意思，在4月1日愚人節(jié)這天，我們經(jīng)常相互開玩笑。從語(yǔ)法角度看，play jokes on sb .是固定詞組，所以答案是jokesApril Foo

14、ls Day is on April 1st .People can play jokeson others on this special day.If you succeed ,you usually laugh and say ,“happy Fool!”16利用語(yǔ)法和句型解題這類題目主要考查學(xué)生在一定的語(yǔ)境中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和識(shí)別句型的能力。由于學(xué)生對(duì)這類題把握較大，因此這類題型的數(shù)量越來(lái)越少。Every day,standing at my information desk,I have to answer a lot of questions of the travellers com

15、ing from all o_the world.17答案為over ,all over the world.是一個(gè)最為常見的固定搭配。Every day,standing at my information desk,I have to answer a lot of questions of the travellers coming from all overthe world.例8.April Fools Day is on April 1st .People can play j_on others on this special day.If you succeed ,you us

16、ually laugh and say ,“happy Fool!”18提分策略-“臺(tái)階式”訓(xùn)練“臺(tái)階式”訓(xùn)練法 閱讀教學(xué)是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，首字母填空又是閱讀教學(xué)中最令人頭痛的一環(huán)。它不但考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解能力，而且考查學(xué)生理解語(yǔ)篇過(guò)程中的分析判斷、句子成分與詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、 詞義辨析等全方位的綜合能力。只有具備了相當(dāng)詞匯量、扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、充分的擴(kuò)散性思維和嚴(yán)密的邏 輯推理能力的學(xué)生，才能很好地完成語(yǔ)篇，使文章通順暢達(dá)，恢復(fù)原樣。19臺(tái)階一：掌握七種句子成分與十種詞性之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。通過(guò)對(duì)單一成分的分類練習(xí)，掌握該句子成分與 何種詞性相對(duì)應(yīng)。詞性正確是答案正確的前提。 如對(duì)

17、主語(yǔ)的判斷 1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ：( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ is my favourite sport. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4

18、. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上練習(xí)中，填入詞均為句子的主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，詞性主要為名詞與代詞（1-題）； 動(dòng)詞不能直接用作主語(yǔ)，必須轉(zhuǎn)化成其對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞或 doing（、）。此外，形容詞前加 the，帶連詞的 句子也可作主語(yǔ)。20臺(tái)階二：在牢記了七種句子成分與十種詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系之后，多做做綜合的“用所給單詞的正確形式填 空”，提高對(duì)句子成分的判斷能力。熟練掌握詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步Jack Chen is an famous_(act)They _quickly.we all take part in outdoor activities_.O

19、ur monitor take an _part in the party.He is famous for his _films.It is important for us to take part in all kinds of _.21臺(tái)階三：鍛煉學(xué)生的發(fā)散和歸納思維的能力，或稱為“猜謎”的能力 Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1. _ arehelpful to students. 2. _ are helpful to students. They givethem knowledge. 3. _ are helpful to students

20、. In class they teach themknowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. _ are helpful to students. They keep them health分析：按順序做你會(huì)不假思索地得出答案，1-4 均Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一題答案不 僅僅有 Teachers。按判斷主語(yǔ)的結(jié)論，凡名詞，只要合乎輯都可作為第一題的答案，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) Books 也可繼而出結(jié)論：“一切有益于學(xué)生的復(fù)數(shù)名詞均為正確Exercises、Doctors、Police、 Parents”。

21、第二題受后句 knowledge 的限制，答案要少一些：TeachersBooks第三題限制更多， 從“care for”判斷主語(yǔ)只能是人Teachers。第四題受 healthy 的限制，最好Doctors、Nurses。 以上練習(xí)說(shuō)明解完形填空需要如下技能： 對(duì)所缺詞的句子成分必須作出精確判斷，22 臺(tái)階四：對(duì)詞性、詞義、詞形的精確判斷階段，即綜合運(yùn)用階段 Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-b