比較級、最高級講義

1、形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級絕大多數(shù)形容詞、副詞有三種形式，原級、比較級和最高級，以表示形容詞、副詞說明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。I.形容詞、副詞的原級:形容詞和副詞的原級形式就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的形容詞、副詞的 原形。 例如：poor, tall great, glad, bad, lovely, fast, hard, well.as+ 原級+as （肯定句） 同 .一樣He can drive the car as carefully as I/me.他開車開得和我一樣仔細。Helen looks as tall as Mary. Helen看起來和 Mary 一樣高。注：表示甲在某方面不如乙時（否

2、定句），用not as（so）+原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)He is not as clever as she （is）/her.他沒有她聰明。Tom didn t draw the picture as/so well as I/me.湯姆畫得沒我好。II.形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級：形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是在形容詞和副詞的原級的基礎(chǔ)上變化的，分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化。.規(guī)則變化如下：.單音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級形式在詞尾加-er或-est 構(gòu)成.great （ 原級）-greater （比較級）-greatest（最高級）tall-taller-tallestfew-fewer-fewe

3、stfast-faster-fasteststrong-stronger-strongesthigh-higher-highesthard-harder-hardest注：發(fā)音規(guī)則-er -faster f a :st ?* strong str ?str ? gist ? -est istfastest f a :stist stronger str ? g?strongestyoung j ?younger j ? g?youngestj ? gist . 以-e, -le結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級在詞尾加-r或-st構(gòu)成.wide-wider-widestlate-late

4、r-latestlarge-larger-largestable-abler-ablestfine-finer-finest.少數(shù)以-er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級在詞尾加-er或一est.clever-cleverer-cleverestnarrow-narrower-narrowesthollow-hollower-hollowestbitter-bitterer-bittest.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級變y為i,再加-er或-est構(gòu)成.happy - happier-happiestheavy-heavier-heaviestearly-

5、earlier-earliesteasy-easier-easiest注： 以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞，則直接加er,或est.grey- greyer- greyestgay-gayer-gayest以形容詞+ly變過來的副詞，其比較級、最高級只能在其前面加moremost.quickly-moreslowly-more slowly-most slowlyquickly-most quickly. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如果詞尾只有一個輔音字母的形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級，應(yīng)雙寫該輔音字母然后再加-er或-est.big -bigger-biggestthin-thinner-thinnesth

6、ot-hotter-hottestred-redder-reddestfat-fatter-fattestsad-sadder-saddest. 大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級在前面加more 或most. beautiful-more beautiful-most beautifuldifficult-moredifficult -most difficul tired-more tired -most tiredcareful-morecareful-most carefulactive-more active-most active則表示 較不 和最不 ;較不重要

7、least important 最不important重要 less important注： 形容詞、副詞前如加less 和 least重要 以 ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞比較級，最高級即可 +er, est, 也可 +more, most; lovely-lovelier-loveliest/more lovely-most lovely. 一些形容詞無比較級和最高級， 如 favorite, right, wrong, perfect, excellent, only, full, maximum, minimum, woolen（ 表“材料”類）, American（ 表”國籍“類）等.2. 常

8、用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:good/well-better-bestmuch/many-more-mostbad/badly/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthest （距離） / further-furthest（程度 ）old-older-oldest（年齡 , 舊 ） / elder-eldest（家庭成員長幼 , 不與 than 連用， TOC o 1-5 h z 只修飾名詞）（ 了解 ）. late-later-latest （較遲 - 最新的 ） / latter-last （ 較后的 -最后的，表順序）

9、注： more 與 +er 不能同時使用！ HYPERLINK l bookmark2 o Current Document 形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的用法:形容詞、副詞比較級的用法:形容詞、副詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較, 其結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下:. 主語+謂語+ 形容詞 副詞比較級+than+ 對比成分。Our teacher is taller than we (are). 我們老師的個子比我們的高。It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天氣比昨天暖和。This picture looks more beautiful than that

10、 one. 這張照片比那張照片 漂亮。This meeting is less important than that one. 這次會議不如那次會議重 要。注：比較的東西必須同類。如：My bicycle is older than his. （My bicycle is older than he. (x )比較： She loves music more than him. = She loves music more than she loves him.She loves music more than he. = She loves music more than he does.

11、注： That/those 代替同類事物的比較The weather in Chengdu is better thanthat in Beijing. The +比較級，the +比較級 越，越The bigger the bottle is, the more water it will hold. 瓶子越大，裝的水越多。The more money you give to him, the happier he is. 你給他的錢越多，他越高興。The faster you drive, the more dangerous it will be. 你開得越快越危險。.比較級+and+比

12、較級 more and more + 原級越來越The weather is gettingcolder and colder. 天氣越來越冷。He ran faster and faster . 他跑得越來越快。They take the boat outmore and more often . the + 比較級+of the two/twins二者中更的He is the taller of the two.他是二者中更高的那個。Which is the better of the two?二者中哪個更好？. 比較級前可用表示數(shù)量或程度的詞修飾， 常用的有 much, even, fa

13、r, too, no, a little, a bit, still, a lot, any, 10%, twice, 3 times.但不能用 very ，quite 來修飾。He felt no/a little/a lot bettertoday. 他今天感覺沒有好一些/ 好一點 /好很多。That car runsa little faster . 那輛車跑得稍快一點。 TOC o 1-5 h z She is 6 years older than her brother. 她比她弟弟大6 歲。That park is 4 times bigger than this one. 那個公

14、園比這個大四倍。形容詞、副詞最高級的用法:形容詞、副詞最高級用于三個以上的人和物進行比較, 使用時注意以下2 點：. 形容詞最高級前通常加定冠詞 the, 副詞最高級前面可加定冠詞the, 亦可省略 the.She is the cleverest.He ran (the) fastest yesterday. 形容詞、副詞最高級后面可帶in / of 短語或現(xiàn)在完成時的從句，說明比較的范圍。She is the tallestof the five girls. 她是 5 個女孩里個子最高的。She is the tallestin the class.她是班上個子最高的。Yao Ming

15、is the tallest man that I ve ever seen in China. 姚明是我在中 國見過的最高的人。注： (比較) Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換：原級與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換：Sandy is not so(as) careful as Simon. = Simon is more careful than Sandy.=Sandy is less careful than Simo

16、n.Sandy doesn t work as/so hard as Simon. = Simon works harder than Sandy.2.比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換：This building is taller thanany other building in the city.這座大樓比該市其他大樓都高。=This building is taller thanthe other buildings in the city.=This building is the tallest of the buildings in the city.注：* Shanghai is bigg

17、er than any other dty in China. (同一范圍)Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan .( 不同范圍)形容詞比較級練習(xí)Write down the comparative degree and the superlative degree forms of the following words.good/wellmuch/manyfarthinmodernuglyfantastictallnicecarefulMultiple choice.()1. I don t like winter because itA. c

18、old B. colder C. coldest()2. Which is season in a year?bad/badly/illlittleoldimportantcleverbeautifulhandsomefavouriteintelligentwrongs.D. more coldA. good B. better C. best D. the best( ) 3. Lillie feels today than yesterday, so we must send her tohospital.A. badB. badlyC. worseD. worst( )4. My kit

19、chen is small, but my bathroom is smaller. It can only holda bath, a shower and a toilet. There is no place for a washbasin.A. moreB. mostC. evenD. many( ) 5. Which subject( 課程 ) do you like , English or history (歷史)A. betterB. goodC. wellD. best( ) 6. Simon looks of the three boys.A. tallB. tallerC

20、. the tallestD. highest( ) 7. Tom is than me.A. 2 years youngB. 3 months oldD. 5 days biggerC. 4 weeks younger( )8. Our new classroom in Wenjiang campus is than that in our old campusin Chengdu.A. big B. biger C. bigger D. biggest( ) 9. - This is very beautiful.- Yes, at least it s the one I bought

21、last week.A. as bad asB. better thanC. worse thanD. notbetter than( ) 10. In general, people in the east are those in the west.A. short and darkB. shorter and darker thanC. as short and darker thanC. as shorter and darker( ) 11. He is as as Peter when he does his homework now, so his mother is very

22、happy.careful B. more carefulC. most careful D. carefully( )12. He finishes his homework as as Sandy. There are a lot of mistakesin both of their homework.A. careless B. carefulC. carelesslyD. carefully( ) 13. Lily doesn t dance so as May.A. betterB. wellC. niceD. beautiful( ) 14. Which is of the tw

23、o mugs, the green one or the yellow one?A. beautifulmore beautifulthe most beautifulD. the more beautiful( ) 15. Do you know this new book is the old one.A. as cheaper asB. not as cheapest asC. as cheap soD. not so cheap as( )16. “ you eat, you are. But it s not good for your health.Don t be silly,

24、young lady. ”A. Little, thinB. Less, thinnerC. The least, the thinnestD. The less, the thinner( ) 17. I don t speak English as as you do .A. goodB. betterC. wellD. the best()18. Can you come a little?A. quicklyB. quicklierC. more quickly D. more quicklier()are many books. The book is more interestin

25、g than on the shelf.A. any other books B. the other bookC. other booksD. any otherbook()20. The garden is becoming. A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifulerWords transformation.As we know, the earth is getting now because of

26、 the air pollution( 污染)(warm).Shanghai is city in China. (big)Which one is, English or maths (difficult)?The Yellow River is very and it s the secondriver in China (long).It is even in August than in July in South China. (hot)Do you know this is story I ve ever read(interesting).The boys in my class are as as those in the basketball team in our school(隊)(tall).He s of the two boys, but their father isin their family (handsome).I don t need m