機械制造專業(yè)英語文章

1、 / 13 / 13機械制造專業(yè)英語文章篇一：機械專業(yè)英語文章 中英文對照Types of Materials材料的類型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多種方法分類?？茖W家常根據(jù)狀態(tài)將材料分為：固體、液體或氣

2、體。他們也把材料分為有機材料(曾經(jīng)有生命的)和無機材料(從未有生命的) 。For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工業(yè)效用而言，材料被分為工程材料和非工程材料。那些用于加工制造并成為產(chǎn)品 組成部分的就是工程材料。Nonengineering materials are

3、the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料則是化學品、燃料、潤滑劑以及其它用于加工制造過程但不成為產(chǎn)品組成 部分的材料。Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: Metal Ceramics Composite Polymers, etc.工程材料還能進一步細分為： 金屬材料 陶瓷材料 復合材料 聚合材料，

4、 等等。Metals and Metal Alloys金屬和金屬合金Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility.金屬就是通常具有良好導電性和導熱性的元素。許多金屬具有高強度、高硬度以及良 好的延展性。Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic. At low t

5、emperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors.某些金屬能被磁化，例如鐵、鈷和鎳。在極低的溫度下，某些金屬和金屬化合物能轉(zhuǎn) 變成超導體。What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper i

6、n electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.合金與純金屬的區(qū)別是什么？純金屬是在元素周期表中占據(jù)特定位置的元素。例如電線中的銅和制造烹飪箔及飲料罐的鋁。Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy. Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which

7、 is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of goldand nickel.合金包含不止一種金屬元素。合金的性質(zhì)能通過改變其中存在的元素而改變。金屬合金的例子有：不銹鋼是一種鐵、鎳、鉻的合金，以及金飾品通常含有金鎳合金。Why are metals and alloys used? Many metals and alloys have high densities and are used in applications which require

8、 a high mass -to-volume ratio.為什么要使用金屬和合金？許多金屬和合金具有高密度，因此被用在需要較高質(zhì)量體 積比的場合。Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness, which means they can withstand impact and are durab

9、le.某些金屬合金，例如鋁基合金，其密度低，可用于航空航天以節(jié)約燃料。許多合金還具有高斷裂韌性，這意味著它們能經(jīng)得起沖擊并且是耐用的What are some important properties of metals?Density is defined as a material s mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities, especially compared to polymers.金屬有哪些重要特性？密度定義為材料的質(zhì)量與其體積之比。大多數(shù)金屬密度相對較高，尤其是和聚合物相 比較

10、而言。Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers, such as gold or lead. However, some metals such as aluminum or magnesium have low densities, and are used in applications that require other metallic properties but also require low weight.高密度材料通常由較大原子序數(shù)原子構成，例如金和鉛。然而，諸如鋁和

11、鎂之類的一些金屬則具有低密度，并被用于既需要金屬特性又要求重量輕的場合。Fracture toughness can be described as a materialabislity to avoid fracture, especiallywhen a flaw is introduced. Metals can generally contain nicks and dents without weakening very much, and are impact resistant. A football player counts on this when he trusts th

12、at his facemask won t shatter.斷裂韌性可以描述為材料防止斷裂特別是出現(xiàn)缺陷時不斷裂的能力。金屬一般能在有缺口和凹痕的情況下不顯著削弱， 并且能抵抗沖擊。 橄欖球運動員據(jù)此相信他的面罩不會裂 成碎片。Plastic deformation is the ability of bend or deform before breaking.As engineers, we usually design materials so that they don t deform under normal conditions. You don t want your car

13、to lean to the east after a strong west wind.塑性變形就是在斷裂前彎曲或變形的能力。作為工程師，設計時通常要使材料在正常條件下不變形。沒有人愿意一陣強烈的西風過后自己的汽車向東傾斜。However, sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation before they break.然而，有時我們也能利用塑性變形。汽車上壓皺的區(qū)域在它們斷裂

14、前通過經(jīng)歷塑性變形來吸收能量。The atomic bonding of metals also affects their properties. In metals, the outer valence electrons are shared among all atoms, and are free to travel everywhere. Since electrons conduct heat and electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electrical wires.金屬的原子連結(jié)對它們的特性也有影響。在金屬內(nèi)部，原子

15、的外層階電子由所有原子 共享并能到處自由移動。由于電子能導熱和導電，所以用金屬可以制造好的烹飪鍋和電線。It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal. No photons pass through.因為這些階電子吸收到達金屬的光子，所以透過金屬不可能看得見。沒有光子篇二：機械專業(yè)英語作文1Mechanical engineeringEngineering Science in life are wid

16、ely used, especially in mechanical engineering in the application of life is almost throughout life in all its aspects, to automobiles, aircraft, small electric fans, umbrella, all of these and related machinery. The project includes many subjects, but the mechanical engineering is one of the most i

17、mportant subjects, not only because of our life and it is closely related to, but with the progress of the times, people have to rely on mechanical engineering products, in automation today, machine instead of many this is the part of the human labor, improve the efficiency and save time.As a result

18、 of mechanical engineering in every aspect of life, therefore, as an engineer, be faced with a great many challenges, in addition to a solid with knowledge, but also keep pace with the times, familiar with the machinery and related software, can be very good use of software, and as a an engineer, we

19、 should try our best to design and produce and closely related to the life of the machine, and can in life play a real role, also have only such, we address and remission now social needs, therefore, the mechanical engineering in the future social development, will play the important role, especiall

20、y Chinas case, the industry also is not very developed, machinery can be greater development space.Before the industrial revolution, machinery is mostly wood structure, wood made by hand by. The development of social economy, the demand for mechanical products. The bulk of the production increasing

21、and precision processing technology progress, promote the mass production method ( interchangeability of parts production, professional division of labor and cooperation, water processing lines and assembly lines ) formation. Study of mechanical products in the manufacturing process, especially when

22、 used in the pollution of the environment and natural resources excessive consumption problems and their treatment measures. This is a modern mechanical engineering is an especially important task to grow with each passing day, and its importance.Application of mechanical products. This includes sel

23、ection, ordering, acceptance, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance, repair and transformation of the industrial use of machinery and complete sets of machinery and equipment, to ensure that the mechanical products in the long -term use of reliability and economy.As a student, we are now

24、the most important to learn professional knowledge, only in this way, can we later life and learning, to do its part.機械工程工程科學在生活中應用廣泛， 特別是機械工程在生活中的應用幾乎就是遍布了生活中的各個方面，大到汽車、飛機，小到電風扇、雨傘，這些都和機械有關。工程包括很多科目，但是機械工程是最重要的科目之一， 不僅是因為它和我們的生活關系密切， 而是隨著時代的進步， 人們已經(jīng)依賴上機械工程制造出來的產(chǎn)品， 而在自動化的今天， 機器代替了許多本該 是人類該做的部分勞動，提高了

25、效率和節(jié)約了時間。由于機械工程遍布了生活的每一個方面，因此，做為一個工程師，要面臨很大且很多的挑戰(zhàn)，除了要具備扎實的裝也知識外， 還要與時俱進， 熟悉和機械有關的軟件， 并要能很 好的運用軟件， 而作為的一個工程師， 我們要盡量設計和制造出和生活密切相關的機器， 并 能夠在生活中起到真正的作用， 也只有這樣， 我們解決和緩解現(xiàn)在社會上的需要， 因此，機 械工程在今后的社會的發(fā)展中， 還是會起這重要的作用， 特別是我國的這樣的情況， 工業(yè)還 不是很發(fā)達的情況下，機械可發(fā)展的空間更大。工業(yè)革命以前，機械大都是木結(jié)構的，由木工用手工制成。社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，對機械產(chǎn)品的需求猛增。 生產(chǎn)批量的增大和精密加

26、工技術的進展， 促進了大量生產(chǎn)方法 （零件互換性生產(chǎn)、專業(yè)分工和協(xié)作、流水加工線和流水裝配線等） 的形成。 研究機械產(chǎn)品在制造過程 中， 尤其是在使用中所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染和自然資源過度耗費方面的問題及其處理措施。 這是 現(xiàn)代機械工程的一項特別重要的任務， 而且其重要性與日俱增。 機械產(chǎn)品的應用。 這方面包 括選擇、訂購、驗收、安裝、調(diào)整、操作、維護、修理和改造各產(chǎn)業(yè)所使用的機械和成套機械裝備，以保證機械產(chǎn)品在長期使用中的可靠性和經(jīng)濟性。做為學生，我們現(xiàn)在最重要的學好專業(yè)知識，只有這樣，我們才能以后是生活和學習中，才能盡自己的一份力量。篇三：機械類專業(yè)英語課文參考翻譯 _pdf第一課該C翻譯整理于

27、網(wǎng)絡，It is known that metals are very important in our life. Metals have the greatest importance for industry. All machines andother engineering7endVi5niEriNconstructions havemetal5metl parts;some ofthem consistonly of metal parts.眾所周知， 金屬在我們的生活中是非常重要的， 金屬對于工業(yè)而言是有巨大的重要性， 所有機器和其他工程構造都有金屬零部件，其中一些還只能由金屬組

28、成。There are two large groups of metals:Simple metal - more or less pure chemical elements5elimEntAlloys5AlCi- materials consisting of a simple metal combined with some other elements.有兩大類金屬： （ 1）純金屬 或多或少的金屬元素（2 ）合金 組成純金屬的原料結(jié)合其他元素。About two thirds of allelements found in the earth are metals, butnot

29、all metals may be used in industry. Those metals which areused in industry are calledengineering metals. The most importantengineering metal is iron5aiEn, which in the form of alloys with carbon5kB:bEn and other elements, finds greater usethan any other metal. Metals consisting of iron combined with

30、 someother elements are known as ferrous5ferEs metals; alltheothermetalsarecallednonferrous5nCn5ferEsmetals.Themostimportantnonferrousmetalare copper5kCpE, aluminumE5lju:minEm,leadli:d, zincziNk,tintin, butall thesemetals areused much less than ferrous metals, because the ferrous metals are much che

31、aper.第 12、 13 、 15 、 20、 在地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)的所有元素中，大約三分之二是金屬元素，但是 并不是所有的金屬都能夠用于工業(yè)上。那些金屬 我們用于工業(yè)上的金屬 被稱為工程金屬，最重要的工程金屬那就是鐵， 鐵跟碳和其他元素結(jié)合形成合金的那些金屬比其他金屬發(fā)現(xiàn)有更大用途。鐵與別的其他某些元素相結(jié)合 而組成的金屬稱為黑色金屬，此外所有其他金屬都稱為有色金屬，最重要的有色金屬是銅，鋁、鉛、鋅、錫。但是使22 課的翻譯暫時沒有。 用這些有色金屬比使用黑色金屬要少的多，因為黑色金屬便宜得多。Engineering metalsare used inindustry in theform of

32、alloysbecause the properties5prCpEtiof alloys are much betterthan the properties ofpurepjuE metals. Onlyaluminum may be largelyused in the formof simple metal. Metals have such a great importance because of their useful properties or their strength,hardness, 翻譯標準。請放心使 and their plasticityplAs5tisiti

33、.因為合金的特性比純金屬的好，所以工程金屬以合金的形式用于工業(yè)，只有鋁以純金 屬的形式被廣泛應用。金屬因為具有強度、硬度和可塑性而發(fā)揮著特別重要的作用。 用。Different metals areproduced in different ways,but almost all themetal are found in theforms of metal oreC:(r) (iron ore, copper ore, etcet cetra.)以不同的方法生產(chǎn)不同的合金但是幾乎所有的金屬都是以金屬礦的形式 (鐵礦、 銅礦) 被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。The ore is a mineral5minErEl

34、 consistence of a metal combined with some impuritiesim5pjuEriti. Inorder to produce a metal from some metal ore, we must separate these impurities from the metal that is done by metallurgyme5tAlEdVi.礦石是一種由金屬與某些雜質(zhì)相混合而組成的礦物質(zhì)，為了用金屬礦石來生產(chǎn)出一種 金屬，我們必須把雜質(zhì)從金屬礦中分離出去，那就要靠冶煉來實現(xiàn)。 Text:1Plastics and Other Materi

35、alsText:Plastics5plAstik, plB:stikhavespecific propertieswhichmaymakethem preferable5prefErEblto traditionalmaterialsmE5tIErIElforcertainuses.IncomparisonkEm5pArisnwithmetals,forexample, plastics have both advantages and disadvantages. Metals tend to be corrodedkE5rEud by inorganic7inC:5AAnikacids5A

36、sId,suchassulphuricsQl5fjuErikacidandhydrochloric7haidrEu5klC:rik acid. Plastics tend to be resistant to theseacids, but can have dissolved or deformed by solvent5sClvEnt, such ascarbontetrachloride7tetrE5klC:raid, whichhavethesamecarbonbase astheplastics.Colormustbe applied to thesurface of metals,

37、 whereasit can be mixed inwith plastics. Metals aremorerigid5ridVid than mostplasticswhileplastics arevery light,with aspecificspi5sifikgravity normallybetween 0.9and 1.8. Most plasticsdo not readily5rediliconduct5kCndQkt heat orelectricityIlek5trIsItI. Plastics softenslowly and can easily be shaped

38、Feip when they are soft. 塑料具有特殊的性能。對于某種用途而言，這些性能使得塑料比傳統(tǒng)材料更為可取。 例如，跟金屬 相比較，塑料既有優(yōu)點也有缺點。金屬易受到無機酸的腐蝕，如硫酸和鹽酸，塑料能 抵抗這些酸的腐蝕， 但可被溶劑所洛解或引起變形，例如溶劑四氯化碳與塑料具有同樣的碳基。顏色必定 只能涂到金屬的表 面。而它可以跟塑料混合為一體。金屬比大多數(shù)塑料剛性要好，而塑料則非常之輕， 通常塑料密度在 0. 9-1. 8 之間。 大多數(shù)塑料不易傳熱導電。 塑料能緩慢軟化， 而當其還是在軟的狀態(tài)時， 能容易成形。It istheirplasticityplAs5tisiti at

39、certain temperatures5temprItFE(r)whichgives plasticstheir main advantages overmany other materials.It permits thelarge -scale production ofmoldedmEuld articles, such as containers,at aneconomic unit cost,where othermaterials require laboriouslE5bC:riEsand oftencostly processes involving cutting, sha

40、ping, machining, assemblyE5sembli and decoration.在某一溫度下塑料是處于塑性狀態(tài)的， 這就使塑料具備超過許多其他材料的主要優(yōu)點。 它容許大量生產(chǎn)單位成本低廉的模制式器件，例如，各種容器。于此，若用其他材料則需要大量 勞力和往往需要很費錢的加工工藝，比如，切割、成形、加工、裝配和裝飾。Plastics not only replace other materials. Theirproperties can be exploitediks5plCit for entirelyIn5taIElI new applications. Forexampl

41、e, plastics heartvalvesvAlv and otherhuman spare parts havemake possible many recent developments in surgery5sE:dVEri.塑料不僅可以代替其他材料，而且它的特性能被開拓應用于全新領域，比如：隨著最近外科手術的發(fā)展可能做成塑料的心臟瓣膜和其他人類的器官。There isnosingle plasticsmaterial whichis suitableforall applications.It isimportant thatthe most suitable plastics s

42、hould be chosen, and if necessary adaptedE5dApt, for each particular requirement.It is also important that the properties of the plastics chosen should be exploited to the best advantage.沒有一種純塑料材料適用于各個領域，如果有必要改進，對于每個有特殊要求的來說 選擇最合適的塑料是最重要的，被選擇的塑料材料的特性被開拓得到更好的應用也是很重要的。A plastics articlemay need todiff

43、er in designand appearancefrom a similararticle made fromanother material suchas metalor wood.This is due not onlyto theproperties of plasticsbut alsoto thetechniquestek5ni:k employed in fabricating5fAbrikeit plastics. These techniques include injectionin5dVekFEn molding5mEuldiN, blowmolding, compre

44、ssion molding, extrusioneks5tru:VEn and vacuum5vAkjuEm forming.塑料器件可能需要用其他材料比如：與金屬或木材制作的類似的器件從設計和外觀上加以區(qū)別，這不僅是由于塑料性能不同的原因，也是由于制造塑料產(chǎn)品所用的技術不同所致，這些技術包括：注塑、模制、吹塑模制、壓模、擠壓和真空成型等。2Casting and Die-Casting AlloysText:Casting5kB:stiN is oneof the oldest metal workingtechniques known to man.Our country made met

45、al castings as early as 2000 B.C., and the process used thenis not much different in principle5prinsEpl from the one used today.鑄造是入類所掌握的最古老的金屬加工技術之一。我國早在公元前2000 年就已把金屬制成鑄件，而所使用的工藝從原理上和今天的工藝沒有多大的區(qū)別。Foundry5faundriprocessesconsistofmakingmolds,preparingandmeltingmeltthemetal, pouringpC:, pCE the meta

46、l into the molds, andcleaning the castings. The product of the foundry is a casting, whichmayvaryfromafraction5frAkFEnofakilogramtoseveralhundredtons.It mayalsovaryin compositionkCmpE5ziFEn as practically all metals and alloys can be cast.鑄造工藝由制模、備料和金屬熔煉，金屬液澆注入模和鑄件清砂等。鑄造的產(chǎn)品是鑄 件，鑄件可能從零點幾公斤到幾百噸范圍變化。實際

47、上所有金屬在成分上也是變化的，而合金也可 以鑄造。The metalsmost frequentlycast are iron,steel, aluminumand so on.Of these,iron, becauseof its low melting point, lowprice and ease ofcontrol, is outstanding forits suitability9sjU:tEbIlEtI for casting andis used far more than all the others.最常鑄造的金屬是鑄鐵、鋼、鋁等等。這些金屬中，鑄鐵，由于其低熔點，低價

48、格和 易控制，因而其鑄造適應性是最突出的，而且使用也遠比所有其他金屬多。Castingisawidelyusedmethodofproducingmetalproducts,particularlythosewhichare intricate5intrikit.Since moltenmaterialswill readilytakethe shapeofthe containerintowhich theyare poured, it is nearly as easy to cast fairly complex shapes as to produce simple forms.由于熔

49、融的物料能容易取得被澆注進去的容器（模型）的形狀，因此，幾乎像生產(chǎn)簡 單形狀鑄件那樣頗為容易地鑄造出復雜形狀的鑄件。The placewhere themetals arecast is calleda foundry.The mostimportant of castmetals iscast iron which is made from pig iron by remelting it in a special melting furnace5fE:nis called a cupola5kju:pElE.鑄造金屬的地方叫做鑄造車間。最重要的鑄造金屬是鑄鐵，鑄鐵是用生鐵在一個特殊 的熔爐

50、 叫沖天爐的爐子中重新熔煉而制造出來的。From the cupola, thecast iron flows into ladles5leidl ofdifferent size, and from these ladles itis poured into the molds.從沖天爐中出來的鐵水流入到不同規(guī)格的鐵水包中，并從這些鐵水包中被澆注到模型 中。The molds may be oftwo kinds: sand molds and metal molds. A metalmold consists of two hollow parts whichshould bejoined

51、forpouringthe metalintoit.Theinside ofthismoldiscovered withcarbonor graphite5ArAfaitsothatthemetalcouldnotstickstiktothewalloftheform.Whenthemetalhas solidifiedsE5lidifai, these hollow parts are disjoined and the casting is taken out. There arealso specialmoldsinwhichlargeblocksofsteelcanbecast.The

52、semoldsareusuallymadeofcastironandarecalled ingot5iNAEtmolds, whichtheblocks ofsteelproduced bypouringthe metalintothese moldsarecalled ingots and the process is called ingot casting.模型有兩種類型:砂模和金屬模。金屬模是由兩個中空的部件組成，它們應被聯(lián)結(jié)在一起以便將金屬液澆入模箱中。這模腔的內(nèi)側(cè)是要涂以碳粉或石墨，因此金屬不玫于粘貼到型腔壁 上口當金屬液凝固后，這中空的型箱部件被打開并取出鑄件。也有一種特殊模型，

53、在該模型中可以鑄造 大型鋼塊。這些模型通常用鑄鐵米制造，并被稱為錠模。而澆注金屬液到這些模子中生產(chǎn)出的鋼塊被稱 為鋼錠。該工藝過程叫錠鑄。A relatively5relEtIvlI wide range of nonferrous alloys can bedie-cast. The principal base metals used, in order tocommercial importance,are zinc, aluminum,copper, magnesiummAA5ni:zjEm,lead, and tin.The alloys may be furtherclassifi

54、ed as low-temperature alloys andhigh-temperature alloys; those having a casting 3temperature below538C, suchas zinc,tin, andlead, arein thelow -temperature class.The low -temperature alloys have the advantages of lower costof production and lower die-maintenance5meintinEns costs. As the casting temp

55、erature increases,alloy and other specialsteels in the besttreated condition are requiredto resist the erosioni5rEuVEnand heatchecking5tFekiN ofdie surface.The destructivedis5trQktiveffect ofhigh temperaturesonthedies hasbeentheprincipalfactorinretardingri5tB:d thedevelopmentof high-temperature die

56、castings.相當大量的有色金屬合金可以進行模鑄h 用的主要而基本的金屬，按其在工業(yè)上應用的重要性的順序是鋅、鋁、銅、錳、鉛和錫。這些合金可以進一步進行分類為低溫類合金和高溫 類合金。鑄造溫度低于 538 的那些合金，就像鋅、錫和鉛,是屬于低溫類合金。低溫類合金具有低生產(chǎn)成本和低的模具維修費用等優(yōu)點。當鑄造溫度上升時，需要最佳條件下處理過的合金鋼和其他特種鋼來 抵抗腐蝕及防止模具表面的熱裂紋。高溫在模具上的損壞作用已經(jīng)成為阻礙、延緩高溫模鑄發(fā)展的主要 因素。Anotherfactorgoverning5AQvEniNthechoiceofalloyistheerosivei5rEusivo

57、rsolvent5sClvEnt action ofthe moltenmetal onthe respectiveris5pektivmachine partsand dies.This actionincreases with temperature,althoughitis morepronouncedpr5naunstwithsomealloysthan withothers. Aluminum,in particular, hasa destructiveaction onferrous metalsand,for thisreason, isseldom meltedin them

58、achine, whereas the copper-base alloys are never melted in the machine.控制選擇合金的另外一個因素就是熔融的金屬在相關的機器零件上和模具上的腐蝕或 溶解作用。這種作用隨著溫度的升高而增加，甚至某些合金比另一些合金更為明顯。特別是.鋁對黑色金屬有一種破壞作用，為此、鋁幾乎不熔混于機器零件中，而銅基合金是決不能熔混于機器構件 中的。4ForgingText:Pressforging5fC:dViNemploysaslowsqueezingskwi:zactionindeformingdi:5fC:mtheplasticmetal

59、,ascontrastedwiththerapid -impact5impAkt blowsofahammer. Thesqueezingactionis carried completelyto thecenterof thepart beingpressed,thoroughly workingtheentire section5sekFEn.These presses are the vertical5vE:tikEl type and may be either mechanicallymi5kAnikEli or hydraulicallyhai5drC:lik operated.T

60、he mechanical presses,which arefaster operating andmost commonly used, range in capacitykE5pAsiti from 500 to 1000 tons.與錘鍛的快速沖擊不同，壓力機鍛造是用緩慢的擠壓作用使塑性金屬變形。這擠壓作 用完全被施加到正在被壓鍛的零件中心位置上，直至徹底使整個工件得到加工。這些壓力機都是立 式的，可能是機械操作也可能是液壓操作的。機械操作壓力機，操作速度比較快，使用最普遍，鍛造能力從 500 噸到 10000噸范圍。For small press forgings, closed i