不定代詞等的用法

1、限定詞【 a few， few & a little ， little 】等的用法一、分類講解【a few， few & a little ， little 】一、與名詞的搭配關(guān)系a few 和 few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 a few days, few boysa little 和 little+不可數(shù)名詞 a little water, little money二、肯定否定之別a few和a little的意思是肯定的，相當(dāng)于 some,表示有一些”的意思few 和 little 的意思是否定的，表示 “很少，幾乎沒有”.Histheoryisdifficult;fewpeopleunderstan

2、dit.= Histheoryisdifficult;almostnopeopleunderstand it.His theory is difficult, but a few people understand it.I have little interest in English, so I am very poor at it.I have a little interest in English, so I like learning it.三、與 only 或 very 的搭配關(guān)系only a little 或 only a few, 而不能說： only few* 或 only

3、 little*為了強調(diào)否定意義，可說：very few或very little。1.His theory is difficult andstudents can understand it.A only fewB only a fewC only littleD only a little【鞏固練習(xí)】用 a few ， a little ， few ， little 填空。1 A: Are you finished?B: Not yet. I needmore minutes.B: Not yet. I needmore time. Doyouhaveminutes?Idliketoask

4、youquestions.Ineedmoreinformation. He is very poor and he hasclothes. I like music. I like to listen tomusic after dinner. Jane is very shy. She seems to havefriends in her new school. I hadfood this morning. Now I am very hungry.7 Mr. Zhangsgrammar lecture is veryclear. As a result, verystudents ha

5、ve questions atthe end of class. English is not hard. Onlystudents are not good at it. I had onlymoney with me. Onlydollars have been borrowed from the manager.【 some/any】一、與名詞的搭配關(guān)系I.some和any均可以與不可數(shù)名詞及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用，表示幺些”，some一般用在肯定句中，而any一般用在否定句中。.在疑問句中，我們多數(shù)情況下用 any,但是在表示我們期待一個正面的回 答或要鼓勵對方說 “是 ”時，要在疑問句中用

6、 some.Have you got any medicine to cure your cough?.Would you like to give me some advice?.Can I have some more wine?二、特殊用法一： any 與單數(shù)名詞搭配當(dāng) any 的后面接單數(shù)名詞時，它的意思是 “無論哪一個，任何一個”，此時可用于任何類型的句子。.You can catch any bus. They all go to the railway station.You can ask any person over there. They all can tell you

7、.三、特殊用法二：some與單數(shù)名詞搭配some可與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，這時的 some表示不確定的 某一個”的意 思。例如： Some person at the gate is asking to see yoU 1 口有個人要見你。【鞏固練習(xí)】用some或any填空。 Last night I was very hungry and I wantedfood to eat. But now I amnot hungry and Idont wantfood to eat. I needmedicine to cure my cough. I want to buycomputer book

8、s. I dont havefriends here. A: I thought this shirt was a great deal but I washed it once and its shrunk so much that I cantwear it.B: bargain. You should ask for a refund.6 A: Mike promised hed help on this rush job. But he never showed up.B: friend he is. You can catchbus. They all go to the railw

9、ay station. 1,500 passengers and crew died aboard the Titanic when it sank onApril 14,1912afterhittinganiceberg.Itliesatadepthof4,000meters,640kilometerssouth of Newfoundland, Canada.【 each/every】一、與名詞的搭配關(guān)系從與名詞的搭配來看，each和every的后面都只能接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞every/each boy Vevery/each boys*X此時若作主語，句子的謂語動詞顯然要用單數(shù)。例如：1Eve

10、ry boy has a gift.2Each boy has a gift.3Every man is the master of his own fortune.二、二者用法上的差異二者在詞性上的差別二者最重大的區(qū)別是：each不僅用作限定詞，而且也可用作代詞；而 every 只能用作限定詞。因此，each用作代詞可以單獨使用，而every只能與名詞連用，不能單獨使用。如上面的例句 2 可改為：Each has a gift 去口不能說： Every has a gilt.*Every boy/Each boy has a gift.Each has a gift.Each of the

11、boys has a gift.二者在意思上有兩點區(qū)別首先，each可以用來指兩個或兩個以上的事物。而every卻總是指三個或三個以上的事物，不能指兩個。例如：Each sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics.There are a lot of trees on each side of the street.We want every student to succeed in the exam.Each student has his own personal dream in his mind.與數(shù)詞的搭配關(guān)

12、系each 不與數(shù)詞連用，而every 可與數(shù)詞連用，然后再加復(fù)數(shù)名詞every two daysevery four yearsIn the United States, presidential elections are held once every four years.every fourth year【 another/other 】一、與名詞的搭配關(guān)系(1)another 只能與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示不確定的 “另一個 ” ， “再一個 ”。another day 另一天another cup of water 另一杯水(2)other 可與單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞連用

13、，表示不確定的 “另 外的 ” ， “其余的 ”人或物。the other boy 另一個男孩other boys 其他男孩other water 其他水二、與數(shù)詞的搭配關(guān)系從與數(shù)詞的搭配來看，二者都可以與數(shù)詞連用，但在語序和意思上都不相同。首先，二者在詞序上的差別是：數(shù)詞要置于 another 的后面，但要放在 other 的前面。 another 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞another three days數(shù)詞 other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 three other daysWe will stay here for another three days.I am always busy from Monday

14、 to Thursday, but I can come on three other days.意思是 我其他三天（即Friday, Saturday and Sunday能來”。三、有關(guān) other 這個限定詞的其他用法 other 之前可以有其他限定詞修飾常見的置于 other 前面的限定詞包括： some， any， every， enough， one/two/three no, many和 his/my/their 等。Can you give me some other reference books標(biāo)能否給我些其他方面的參 考書? every other day= every

15、two days 每隔一天no other tools 沒有其他的工具了Have you got any other colors?（爾這里有另 U 的顏色嗎？I have many other books for you to read.我還有許多其他的書供你看。other/others詞尾不帶 -s 的 other 只能作限定詞來用，其后面必須接名詞，而不能單獨使用。比如不能說： other are.* 。與此相反， others 只能用作代詞，后面不能再接名詞，而只能單獨使用，比如不能說：otherspeople are.* 。other/the other這里是關(guān)于other與the

16、other在含義上的區(qū)別的問題。 “othe去名詞”表示 不確定的 其他的，另外的若有了定冠詞the限定，the othe張名詞”則表示 特定范圍內(nèi)的 “剩下其余的 ”?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】 We have lots ofequipment.A othersB the otherC otherD another They usedmachines.A other someB some otherC the otherD some others He provided hope and inspiration topatients.A anotherB othersC otherD the other

17、I dont care about whatpeople think of me or say about me.A anotherB otherC othersD the others Not havingoption at that time, I decided it was best to sit and wait.A any othersB other anyC any otherD some other He took her money in one hand and withhand he grasped hermitten.A otherB the otherC the ot

18、hersD another countriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMothersDayatdifferenttimesthroughout the year.A Many otherB OthersC Many anotherD Other many【 either/neither 】一、與名詞的搭配關(guān)系從與名詞的搭配來看，二者都是與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Either day is OK.（不說：.are OK.）兩天中的哪一天都行。2Neither day is OK.（不說：.are OK）兩天中的哪一天都不行。這是二者作限定詞的用法。此時，二

19、者均不能再與其他的冠詞、物主代詞 或指示形容詞等連用。比如不能說3the either book*4either your book*二、二者用作代詞用作代詞時，二者不直接接名詞，而是單獨使用或接of 短語。例如：Come over on Saturday or Sunday. Either is O犍周六或周日過來，哪天都 行。You cant choose Choices A and B. Neither is rights項 A 和 B 你都不能選，兩 個都不對。注意它們與of短語連用時的結(jié)構(gòu)：“either/neither。計限定詞（如冠詞、物 主代詞或指示形容詞）名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)謂語動詞

20、 ” 。Either of the answers is right.Neither of my children has done that.在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中有三點須注意：名詞前面必須有限定詞。比如我們不說： either of answers, neither of children。名詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。比如我們不說： either of the answer, neither of my child 。謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。比如我們一般不說：Either of the answers are* right.Neither of my children have* done that.以上內(nèi)容主要是

21、從結(jié)構(gòu)上來討論either/neither 的用法。三、詞義差別.either 有兩個意思。(1)首先，either 的基本意思是 “兩個當(dāng)中的任何一個” ， “這個或那個( one orthe other ) ”。9Come over on Saturday or Sunday. Either day is OK.(2)either 有時候也指 “兩個中的每一個( each of two) ”，特別是在與end 和side連用時。There are a lot of trees on either side of the river.neither表示兩者都不Neither of the a

22、nswers is right.either.not 相當(dāng)于neitherEither of the answers is not correct.=Neither of the answers is correct.兩個答案都不正確。二、限定詞與可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞討論限定詞的用法，必須以名詞的可數(shù)性以及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，從而 把名詞區(qū)分為不可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞這三種。具體分類如下：一、只與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞這樣的限定詞有：a， an， each， every， either ， neither ， another 和 one 等等。二、只與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞搭配的限定詞這樣的限定詞有： both ， few，