狀語從句用法講解和練習(xí)

1、第章狀語從句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)狀語從句在句子中作狀語，用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句 的常用連接詞?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下：狀語從句分九類：從句種類主要從屬連詞1時(shí)間狀語從句when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever2條件狀語從句if, uni ess3目的狀語從句in order that, so that4結(jié)果狀語從句so that, such that, s

2、o that, so5原因狀語從句because, as, since6讓步狀語從句although, though, even though(if), while7方式狀語從句as if, as though8地點(diǎn)狀語從句where, wherever9比較狀語從句than, as在這一章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要求同學(xué)們掌握各類狀語從句基本概念，并能夠靈活應(yīng)用第一節(jié)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。連接時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞有:when（當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候），while （當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候），as（當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候）,once（ 旦），till（ until） （一直到，直到才）,by the time（ 到時(shí)）,a

3、s soon as（一就）the moment（ 就）.since（自從）.before（ 在前）.after（ 在后）. when , while , as均可表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。when強(qiáng)調(diào)“特定時(shí)間”，表示主句謂語動詞的動作與從句謂語動詞的動作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的， 或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前；while表示的時(shí)間是一段，而不是一點(diǎn)，as多用在口語中，強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一時(shí)間”或“一前一后”，有時(shí)還有“隨著”的含義。Ill go on with the work whe n/ come back tomorrow.我明天回來后會繼續(xù)做我的工作。When spri ng came, he felt li

4、ke a trip.春天來了，他想去旅游。As spri ng warms the good earth, all flowers beg in to bloom. （as 有 “隨著”的含義）as, when, while都表示主、從句的動作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生，但三者也有區(qū)別。as和when引導(dǎo)的從句既可表示一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，也可表示一段時(shí)間，從句中的謂語動詞既可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以為短暫性動詞，經(jīng)?？梢曰Q使用；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示一段時(shí)間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。當(dāng)從句中的謂語動詞為持續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，這三者可以通用（前面例句中已有體現(xiàn)），再如：Mother was worried beca

5、use little Alice was ill, especially as / whe n / while fatherwas away in France.媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾“愃疾×耍貏e是當(dāng)父親遠(yuǎn)在法國的時(shí)候。如果從句和主句要表示一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)動作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成時(shí)，則多用as，可譯為“一邊，一邊”。例如：He looked beh ind from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時(shí)地往后看。As time goes on, it s getting warmer and warmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。thought of it just a

6、s you ope ned your mouth.你一張嘴我就知道你要說什么。（若表示兩個(gè)短促動作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用as的場合多于 when.）當(dāng)主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時(shí)，多用while,不用as或when。如：She thought I was talk ing about her daughter, while in fact, I was talk ing about mydaughter.她以為我在談?wù)撍畠海聦?shí)上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠?。如果表示從句的動作在主句的動作之前”或之后”發(fā)生時(shí)，多用when (=after ),不用as或 while。此外，when 還含有at tha

7、t moment ”的意思(=and then )，引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while來替換。例如：He was about to leave whe n the teleph one ran g.他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響了。We were watchi ng TV whe n sudde nly the lights wen t out.我們正在看電視，突然燈滅了。They had just arrived home whe n it bega n to rain.他們剛至 U家，天就開始下雨了。. till / until，表示一直到”，主從句都用肯定式；表示直到才” ，主

8、句否定，從句肯定。He worked un til it was dark.他一直工作到天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in.一直到母親進(jìn)來他才起床。4 . once 旦”，by the time 到時(shí)”。Once you see her, you will find what I said is true. 對的。by the time+現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)。By the time he arrives, we will already have left here. 兒了。by the time+一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。By t

9、he time he arrived, we had already left here.一旦你見到她就會發(fā)現(xiàn)我說的是等他到達(dá)時(shí)，我們將已離開這他到達(dá)的時(shí)候我們早已離開這兒了。主句動作隨即發(fā)生，通常譯為我一完成工作就會來看你。5 . as soon as , the moment表示從句動作一發(fā)生， 就”。As soon as I finish the work, Ill go to see you.她一聽到消息就來到現(xiàn)場。She came to the sce ne the mome nt she heard the n ews.6 . since 自從”， before 在前”，after

10、 在后”，It was not long before 意為“不久”。since引導(dǎo)從句用非延續(xù)性動詞或過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或過去時(shí)間段+ago ”，主句用完成時(shí)態(tài)。Since he graduated, he has worked in this city.他畢業(yè)后一直在這個(gè)城市工作。I have nt see n him since last year/ three years ago.去年以來 /3 年來，我沒見過他。選出最佳答案he was liste ning to the music, Joh n fell asleep.A. AfterB. BeforeC. WhileD. As soo

11、n as-How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus.A. whe nB. howC. whyD. that3)He was riding to schoolhe was hit by a car this morningA whileB. whe nC. asD. so4)Lucy knew nothing about ith er sister told her.A. becauseB. un tilC. ifD. since5)The policeman asked the childcross t

12、he streetthetraffic lights turned gree n.A. not; whe nB. dont; beforeC. n ot to; un tilD. not to; since6)The bookwas so in terest ingthat he had read itfor three hourshe realized it.A. whe nB. afterC. un tilD. before7)w e had seen all the animals, we went home.A. ThenB. AfterC. ThoughD. While8)She h

13、as mademany friendsshe came to our school.A. beforeB. afterC. si neeD. un til9) How long has the weather been like this?A. Un til last nightB. Ever since last ni ghtC. Two days agoD. Two days later10)My uncle went to Australia last year. We have nt see n him.A. since almost a yearB. from almost a ye

14、ar onC. after almost a yearD. since almost a year ago11)He was so tired that he fell asleephe went to bed.A. as ifB. even thoughC. ever sinceD. as soon asI knew nothing about the accident my friend told me yesterday.A. becauseB. sinceC. un tilD. afterI did nt man age to do it you had expla ined how.

15、A. un tilB. sinceC. whileD. afterKeys 】1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B8) C 9) B 10) D 11) D 12) C 13) A第二節(jié)條件狀語從句1 .條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有:if如果；unless 除非，如果不； on condition that條件是；as long as 只要.表示正面的條件用if “如果”。If you dont look after young trees, they will die very quickly.If the museum charg

16、es for en try, a lot of people wont be able to visit it.表示否定的條件用uniess（ =if. . not）除非，如果不”。I shall not go to the cin ema uni ess I finish my homework before eight.說明：ifnot常可以用unless替代。If you don t study hard, you will fail in the exam.You will fail in the exam uni ess you study hard.表示使某事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)必要的條件用o

17、n condition that條件是”，as long as 只要”。You may go swimming on condition that you dont swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam.5.祈使結(jié)構(gòu)表?xiàng)l件。前半部分的祈使結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于if條件句，可用動詞或名詞開頭；后半部分的簡單句常用一般將來時(shí)，有時(shí)也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。此句型與條件狀語從句形成同義結(jié)構(gòu)。1）祈使句（,）+and/then+簡單句 = |f 從句（否定式）+主句Giv

18、e me somewhere to sta nd, and I will move the earth.（如果）給我一個(gè)支點(diǎn)，我便能掀動地球。=If you give me somewhere to sta nd, I will move the earth.One more word, and Ill turn you out.你再多說一句，我就把你趕出去。=If you speak one more word, I will tur n you out.Use your head, then youll find a way.動動腦子你就能找到辦法。=If you use your hea

19、d, youll find a way.2）祈使句（，）+or+簡單句 = f從句（否定式）+主語Work even harder, or you will never pass the exam.如果不加倍努力，你就永遠(yuǎn)無法通過考試。=If you dont work harder, you will n ever pass the exam.Stop telli ng lies, or you will be puni shed.如果你繼續(xù)說謊，就會受到懲罰。=If you dont stop telli ng lies, you will be puni shed.選擇最佳答案填空1）

20、Would you like to go to the park with me,Susan?Id like to,_ou dont want togo alone. TOC o 1-5 h z A. un tilB. beforeC. ifD.afterTomorrow well go to the city parkit is sunny.A. as soon asB. whe nC. ifD. asAll of us will be happy you can come with us.A. whileB. ifC. butD. orNobody can learn English we

21、ll you work hard on it.A. ifB. unl essC. whe nD.but5) The sports meet will continueit rains this after noon.A. ifB. sinceC. as soon asD.un lessKeys 】1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D第三節(jié)原因狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句1 原因狀語從句弓I導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, for, since, as, now thatwhy，語氣1） because意為因?yàn)椤?，表示直接的原因或理由，著重點(diǎn)在從句，用于回答 最強(qiáng)。他今天缺席，因?yàn)?/p>

22、他病了。He is abse nt today because he is ill.我沒有出去，因?yàn)槲颐τ诩彝プ鱞ecause of=for（ 介詞）。由于天氣的原因，我們來不了。她因?yàn)榇卺t(yī)院，顯得好多了。I did nt go out because I was busy with homework.業(yè)。有時(shí)，可用because of 后接名詞或代詞表示原因，此時(shí)We wont be able to come because of the weather.She was look ing all the better for her stay in hospital.2) for意為“因?yàn)?/p>

23、”，引導(dǎo)的從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供補(bǔ)充說明，且 不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗號或分號與主句分開，引起的從句對主句加以解釋。I did nt go to see him, for a heavy snow was falli ng.我沒有去看他，因?yàn)樵谙麓笱?。The days were short, for it was now December.白天短了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十二月了。We must begi n pla nning now, for the future may bring un expected cha nges.我們必須現(xiàn)在就開始籌劃，因?yàn)閷砜赡軙l(fā)生意

24、想不到的變化。有時(shí)，for引起的從句并不表示原因，而是表示一種推斷或解釋，而because則不能。Some one in the house must be ill, for a doctor has just come out.房子里一定有人病了，因?yàn)橛袀€(gè)醫(yī)生剛剛出來。since意為“既然”、“由于”，一般表示對方已知的、無需加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由(如果從句表示的原因不是確定的事實(shí)，就不能用since，通常用because)。Si nee you are goi ng, I will go too.既然你要走，我也走了。Si nee you are ill, Ill go alo ne.由

25、于你病了，我就一個(gè)人走了。as意為“由于”，表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，著重點(diǎn)在主句，語氣較弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park.由于正在下雪，我們就不去公園了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake.他必須道歉，因?yàn)樗浪e(cuò)了。由as表示的原因語勢最弱，常用于口語。now that意為“既然”，有時(shí)可將that省去，含義與si nee接近。區(qū)別在于：since表 示原先已存在的情況，而 now that表示現(xiàn)在才發(fā)生的情況。Now that it has

26、stopped rainin g, lets start at o nee.既然現(xiàn)在雨停了，咱們馬上開始吧！Now that you have come, you may as well stay.既然來了，你最好還是待在這兒。2 地點(diǎn)狀語從句where, wherever, any where, everywhere把它放在你看得見的地方。不管他在哪里我都要找到他。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有:Put it where you can see it. ni find him, wherever he is.你應(yīng)該把書放在原來的地方。You should put the book where it

27、 was.不論你到哪里都要把工作做好。Wherever you go, you should do your work well.選擇最佳答案1) I hope to go to France some daythere are many famous museumsthere. TOC o 1-5 h z A. thoughB. uni essC. becauseD.where Would you like to go to the concert with me? rd love to, I cant. I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; Beca

28、useB. but; BecauseC. so; AndD.and;soJim has been in the factory for two yearshe left school.A. whe nB. sinceC. as soon asD.whetherJack was very tired he played tennis all after noon.A. ifB. as soon asC. becauseD.beforeYoud better come back earlier it is getting colder.A. asB. andC. butD.orJane wore

29、a rain coatit was raining.A. soB. butC. howeverD.becauseThe Italian boy was regarded as a herohegave his life for hiscoun try.A. accord ing toB. because ofC. on acco unt ofD.becauseKeys 】1) C 2) B 3) B4) C 5) A 6) D7) D第四節(jié)讓步狀語從句1 .引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有:although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not)

30、,用 no matter 十wh-/how 弓丨導(dǎo)2 . although /though 雖然”。Although I didn t know anybody at the party, I had a very good time.雖然晚會上的客人我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識，但我玩得很愉快。注意“ althoughbut ”是個(gè)典型的錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)閎ut是并列連詞，不能與從屬連詞although 連用。但是，although 可與yet , still連用，因?yàn)?yet , still是副詞，它可使前 后關(guān)系更明確。3. while意為“然而”。1）while用于對照，說明兩種情況相反，意為“然而，但是”

31、。Tom is very outgoi ng, while Jane is shy and quiet.湯姆性格外向，而簡卻靦腆安靜。While I was readi ng, he was play ing.我在讀書，而他在玩。2）while意為“雖然，盡管”，同although ，此時(shí)從句和主句的主語往往為同一人或物。While she liked cats 。she never let them come into her room.雖然她喜歡貓，但她從不讓貓進(jìn)她的房間。. even if “即使” （if后陳述的是假設(shè)）；even though “盡管” （though 后陳述的是事

32、實(shí)）。rm goi ng to apply for the job, eve n if it pays very little.即使報(bào)酬不高，我也要去申請那份工作。He is an hon est man, I say, even though I have opposed him.我說他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的人，盡管我反對過他。5 . whether (or not)無論是或是”.Whether it rains or no t, I shall go out for an outi ng.Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best. 力。無論

33、是否下雨，我都要外出游玩。無論勝敗，我們都會盡最大努注意whether作“無論”解，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來;Theyll go out whether it rains or not tomorrow.whether作是否”解時(shí)則不能。無論明天是否下雨，他們都要出去。Can you tell me whether it will rain or not tomorrow?你能告訴我明天是否下雨嗎?6 .用no matter+ wh- / how的詞引導(dǎo)，意為無論”。no matter who無論誰， no matter which 無論哪一， no matter what 無論什么，no matter

34、 whe n無論何時(shí)， no matter where無論哪里， no matter how 無論怎樣No matter who you are, you must obey the law.It has the same result no matter which way you do it.一樣。無論你是誰，你都應(yīng)當(dāng)遵紀(jì)守法。無論用什么方法來做，結(jié)果都No matter how cold it is, she often goes swimming.無論有多冷，她總是常去游泳。選擇最佳答案填空A. ThoughB. Si neeC. ForD. So2) How do you like

35、the con cert give n by the Foxy Ladies?Excit ing.one piece of the music was nt played quite well.A. soB. thoughC. becauseD. and3) Shall we go on work ing?Yes,I prefer to have a rest.A. whe nB. ifC. becauseD. though1)hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.4) Doctor Li went to see the patientit wa

36、s raining heavily. This dress was last years style. I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year.A. so thatB. even thoughC. as ifD. ever sinceNo matter busy he is, he wont give up his hobby.A. whereB. howC. whatD. who7)I n ever seem to lose any weight,hard I try.A. even thoughB. no matte

37、r howC. as ifD. eversince8) No matter you come, you are welcome.A. howB. whereC. whe nD. what9)Though its raining,are still working in the fields.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they10) Nobody believed him w hat he said.A. eve n thoughB. in spiteC. no matterD. con traryto11) what may happen, I wo

38、nt change my mind.A. Even ifB. AlthoughC. PerhapsD. No matter【Keys】2. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) B 6) B 7)B8) C 9) A 10) C 11) D第五節(jié)目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句和比較狀語從句【經(jīng)典剖析】1 .引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：in order that目的是為了，so that ,以便以in order that ，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語通常用may， might加動詞構(gòu)成，也可用can/ could 或will / would 加動詞構(gòu)成。He works hard i

39、n order that he can serve his country well.他努力工作，目的是為了能更好地為國家服務(wù)。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他們很早出發(fā)，以便按時(shí)到達(dá)。注意“for+動名詞”不用于表目的，但for+名詞”可用于表目的。Write it in simple English to make（ 不能用 for making） everybody understand.為了能讓每個(gè)人都理解，請用簡單的英語寫。Better get up early for the early trai n.為了

40、能趕上早班火車，請?jiān)缫稽c(diǎn)起床。2 .引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的詞：so that以致，sothat如此以致，suchthat如此以致He made a wrong decisi on, so that half of his property was lost.他做了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的決定，以至于他丟失了一半的財(cái)產(chǎn)。The box is so heavy that n obody can move it.這個(gè)箱子是如此重，（以至于）無人能移動它。It is such a heavy box that n obody can move it.這個(gè)箱子如此重，（以至于）無人能移動它。注意so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀

41、語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別在于：引導(dǎo)結(jié)果 狀語從句時(shí)通常用逗號同主句分開。3.引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的詞有:than 比，asas 像一樣，not so as 不像一樣 ,the more the more 越越”I kn ow you better tha n he does.我比他更了解你。We walked as fast as we could.我們盡可能地快步行走。The work is n ot so easy as you thought.這工作沒有你想的那么簡單。Nothi ng is so precious as health沒有什么能像健康一樣珍貴。The harder

42、 you study, the greater progress you will make.你越努力學(xué)習(xí)，進(jìn)步就越大。針對性練習(xí)1 選擇最佳答案填空：1) rII leave him a note hell know where we are.forThe question was difficult that nobody could answer A. very; themB. very; itC. so; themD. so;itMike isboy that we all like him.A. a good soB. so good aC. a such goodD.such go

43、od aThey werebusy studying they could nt go to therestaura nt with us.A. so; thatB. such; asC. very; thatD.enough;asIt wasthat he had to ask for help.A. so difficult workB. so difficult a workC. such a difficult workD. such a difficult jobHe started earlyhe could get there before nine.A. in order th

44、atB. becauseC. so as toD. inorder toRobert is good at Ianguages, e all know.A. becauseB. forC. asDsinceIt looks _s going to rain.that【Keys】1) in order that 2) so that 3) so. that 4) so. that 5) such. that1)A2) D 3) B 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) C 8) C狀語從句專練I .選擇填空：The man can t get on the bus because thereno

45、room on it.A. wasB. isC. areD. wereI was liste ning to the musicthere was a knock at the door.A. while B. whe nC. becauseD. un tilYou may leave the classroom whe n youwriti ng.D. hadll meet him.D. For allA. will finish B. are finishing C. have fini shed fini shedI don t know if hetomorrow, if he,IA.

46、 will come, comesB. comes, comesC. will come, will comeD. come, will comeI read, the more I un dersta nd.A. The moreB. So muchC. How much6. Would you give Joh nny this letter if youto see him this week.A. will happe nB. happenC. are happe nedD.happened7. She was busy,she could nt go to your birthday

47、 party lastn ight.A. andB.soC.orD. but8. En glish isa useful la nguageit is spoke n in manycoun tries of the world.A. so thatbecauseB. such thatC. so becauseD. such9. You will not succeeded if youharder.A. will workB. won t workC.workD. don Write clearlyyour teacher can un dersta nd you correctly.A.

48、 sinceB. forC. because D. so thathe failed , he went on doing the experime nt.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.n.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.A. Even B. Yet C. Although D. in spite ofThe light went out while we supper.A. had B. had had C. were having D. would have His brother has worked there he left school.D. untilA. when B. after C. sinceThe boy didn t stop talking the second bell rang.A. when B. until C. after D. because I came into the office, the teacher were havin