加拿大奶牛肉牛泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病

1、泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病Diseases of the Urinary SystemPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr Ren Xiaoling普通病Common Diseases腎和輸尿管Kidneys and ureters傳染性腎盂腎炎腎棒狀桿菌Contagious pyelonephritis Corynebacterium renale栓塞性腎炎繼發(fā)為敗血癥Embolic nephritis secondary to septicemia淀粉樣變性不常見Amyloidosis uncommon膀胱和輸尿管Bladder and Urethra

2、膀胱炎散在發(fā)生，可能與棒狀桿菌有關(guān)Cystitis sporadic & may be associated with pyelonephritis尿結(jié)石病青年公牛Urolithiasis steers開放性臍尿管新生牛犢Patent Urachus - neonatal calves 臍感染新生牛犢Navel infection neonatal calvesEnzootic hematuria bracken fern poisoning地方性血尿羊齒厥中毒其他引起尿樣分析變化的疾病Other diseases causing changes in urine analysis鉤端螺旋體病

3、Leptospirosis溶血梭狀芽胞桿菌（紅水？）Clostridium hemolyticum (Red water)產(chǎn)后血紅蛋白尿P缺乏Post parturient hemoglobinuria P deficiency慢性銅中毒Chronic copper toxicity巴貝蟲病Babesiosis無漿體病Anaplasmosis 微粒孢子蟲病Chronic parasitism 慢性寄生蟲感染. 病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理 Cause & Pathogenesis泌尿系統(tǒng)的疾病以尿液成分的變化為特征Diseases of the urinary system are characterize

4、d by changes in the components of urine泌尿系統(tǒng)在維持體液和電解質(zhì)的體內(nèi)中平衡以及身體有毒物和廢物的排出方面有重要的作用The urinary system is important in maintaining the fluid & electrolyte homeostasis of the body and ridding the body of toxic and waste substances危險因素Risk Factors先天性畸形Congenital abnormalities系統(tǒng)性疾病Systemic diseases大腸桿菌敗血癥Co

5、liform septicemia 有毒物質(zhì)的攝入Ingestion of toxic substances脫水Dehydration水缺乏Water deprivation臨床癥狀Clinical FindingsClinical signs might include:食欲下降Loss of appetite體重減輕Weight loss口渴感增加Increased thirst尿頻Frequent urination尿痛Straining to urinate急腹痛Colic 四胃膨脹Abdominal distention呼吸有惡臭味Foul breathe尿成分有變化Changes

6、to the constituents of the urine脫水Dehydration 毒血癥/尿毒癥Toxemia/uremia直腸觸診，腎、輸尿管和/或膀胱有變化Changes to the kidneys, ureters and/or bladder on rectal palpation腹瀉Diarrhea 水腫Edema診斷Diagnosis依據(jù)全身檢查A diagnosis is based on a complete examination of the animal詳細(xì)的病史和對動物飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境的檢查很重要A good history and examination of t

7、he environment of the animal is important依據(jù)以上信息，列出可能有的、須鑒別的疾病From this information, a list of differential diagnosis can be formed確診要求有臨床診斷和實(shí)驗(yàn)室的診斷An involved diagnostic/laboratory work-up may be required to arrive at a definitive diagnosis實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology尿量Amount of urine尿的眼觀Gross a

8、ppearance of urine特殊的比重正常為1.028-1.032Specific gravity normal 1.028-1.032 蛋白尿Proteinuria血尿Hematuria血紅蛋白尿Hemoglobinuria膿尿Pyuria用尿做培養(yǎng)（插入導(dǎo)管取樣）Culture of urine (catheterized sample)治療Treatment假設(shè)性診斷后制定治療措施Treatment should only be instituted after a tentative diagnosis has been reached治療措施應(yīng)集中注意原發(fā)性疾病Treatme

9、nt should be focused on the primary disease治療措施常被用來減輕疾病癥狀Treatment can also be used to relieve the adverse symptoms of a disease對于某些疾病，可能沒有可用于治療的措施With some diseases, no treatment is available for the primary disease治療的基礎(chǔ)是補(bǔ)充液體和電解質(zhì)Treatment is based on fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy抗菌劑常用來治療尿道感染Antimicrobials are used to treat some urinary i