英漢翻譯教程

1、A Course in English-Chinese Translation英漢翻譯教程1導(dǎo)學(xué)第一章：翻譯概述第二章：英漢語言對(duì)比第三章：詞語的翻譯第四章：句子翻譯技巧（上）第五章：句子翻譯技巧（下）第六章：常見文體的翻譯23導(dǎo)學(xué)教學(xué)目的：旨在讓學(xué)生了解英漢翻譯的理論和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)，課時(shí)安排及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)。教學(xué)內(nèi)容：課程要求課時(shí)安排學(xué)法指導(dǎo)參考書 學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站4第一章：翻譯概述教學(xué)目的：本章旨在讓學(xué)生了解什么是翻譯，掌握翻譯的類別、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、過程；同時(shí)了解部分中西代表譯論。教學(xué)內(nèi)容：翻譯的定義、分類翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯的過程：理解表達(dá)校對(duì)中、西譯史 練 習(xí)5第二章：英漢語言現(xiàn)象對(duì)比Teaching aims: t

2、o learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English in word forming and vocabulary so as to translate them accurately.Main Language points:Comparative studies of language family Comparative studies of word building in English and Chinese Comparative studies of syllable Exercise 6第三

3、章：詞語的翻譯 教學(xué)目的：旨在幫助學(xué)生了解詞義的多樣性（引申、褒貶）；并掌握詞語翻譯的選詞技巧。 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 1. 詞義的選擇 2. 詞義的引申 3. 詞義的褒貶 4. 翻譯練習(xí)7第四章：句子翻譯技巧（上）一、教學(xué)目的：要求熟練理解句子的翻譯技巧，從而在英漢翻譯時(shí)做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。二、教學(xué)過程：1. 增譯法省譯法詞類轉(zhuǎn)換正說反譯、反說正譯法翻譯練習(xí)1、2、3、48第五章：句子翻譯技巧（下）一、教學(xué)目的：要求熟練理解句子的翻譯技巧，從而在漢英翻譯時(shí)做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。二、教學(xué)過程：重譯法語態(tài)變換法詞序調(diào)整法拆譯法翻譯練習(xí)1、2、3、49第六章：常見句型/文體的翻譯一、教學(xué)目的：要求理解并熟悉常見文體（

4、含旅游景點(diǎn)、歡迎詞/祝詞、廣告等）的翻譯，力求在漢英翻譯時(shí)做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。二、教學(xué)過程：常見句型的翻譯科技文體的翻譯法律文書的翻譯翻譯練習(xí) ThursdayClassroomIA314:0016:00 p.m.1303導(dǎo)學(xué)課程要求 Venue Time & Classroom:10Description: This course named A Course in English-Chinese Translation aims at cultivating the SS ability of translating between E-C and C- Ethey have the abil

5、ity to understand and master some basic theories and techniques about translation. E.g. the brief history of Chinese and western translation theory, the differences between E and C, the eight basic techniques in translation, some methods to deal with the special sentences, etc. In a word, the SS wil

6、l have the first impression to English language and Chinese, and through these discussions they will have a higher ability in their English writing. It will take us at least a span of 4 lectures to finish one topic in the syllabus.Course Description & Requirements導(dǎo)學(xué)課程要求 11 To pass this course, stude

7、nts must attain an average of 60% in the following categories:Participating: 10% Participating is vital to the learning process and it includes attendances, being on times, coming to class prepared, interacting with other students, and participating in classroom discussions. Students who are frequen

8、tly absent, tardy, or refuse to participate will receive a poor participation grade. Note: there are NO excused absences. Any absences or tardy will result in a lower participation grade.Requirements and Grading: 導(dǎo)學(xué)課程要求 1213Homework: 15% Students will have to complete periodic homework assignments r

9、elated to this course. (Including reviewing and previewing the text, etc) The teacher may also give homework/ assignments on each topic discussed in the class if there is a need.Translation Project: 25% As Teacher assigned .Tests: 50% There will be only one test: a final. But there may also be sever

10、al short quizzes through the term.Attendance: Daily attendance will be recorded. 導(dǎo)學(xué)課程要求 Classroom polices: Late work: Assignments must be turned in on the due date for full credit. Unless otherwise indicated, all assignments will be due at the beginning of the class period. Copying and Plagiarism: S

11、tudents should do their own work in order to maximize learning. Collaborating on assignments is permitted, but copying another students work is prohibited. Similarly, students who are caught copying or plagiarizing will fail the assignment. 導(dǎo)學(xué)課程要求 1415導(dǎo)學(xué)課時(shí)安排 教 學(xué) 內(nèi) 容課 時(shí)導(dǎo)學(xué)2第一章：翻譯概述2第二章：英漢語言對(duì)比2第三章：詞語的翻

12、譯4第四章：句子翻譯技巧（上）8第五章：句子翻譯技巧（下）8第六章：常見文體的翻譯6注：可能 因授課實(shí)際情況，課時(shí)安排會(huì)做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。課時(shí)安排：16譯者的素質(zhì)： 外語素質(zhì) 母語素質(zhì) 語言敏感度 百科能力 心理素質(zhì) 政治素質(zhì)翻譯的輔助工具： 工具書百度 電子辭典在線詞典 W導(dǎo)學(xué)學(xué)法指導(dǎo) 譯者素養(yǎng)：17提高方法：導(dǎo)學(xué)學(xué)法指導(dǎo) 翻譯理論+翻譯技巧+翻譯實(shí)踐 研究有關(guān)翻譯的論述，弄懂翻譯的基本問題。 （ 閱讀理論著作；專題論文；翻譯教材；譯品的前言后語）研究譯作范本 從中摸索翻譯的規(guī)律和技巧，對(duì)比不同譯本的處理和效果。 研究典型譯例，注意翻譯技巧的說明和譯句的得失，為翻譯實(shí)踐打好

13、基礎(chǔ)不斷進(jìn)行翻譯實(shí)踐（1） 依照詞語-句子-段落-語篇的順序；（2） 選擇不同題材和體裁的練習(xí)材料；（3） 難易循序漸進(jìn)；（4） 譯文反復(fù)修改，不斷提高譯文質(zhì)量；（5） 選擇有參考譯文的文本，進(jìn)行對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)；（6） 可請(qǐng)別人修改或校正。Tips：read more;practice more;think more; discuss more18導(dǎo)學(xué)參考書 英漢互譯實(shí)用教程，郭著章、李慶生 編著，武 漢大學(xué)出版社，2005年。英漢漢英翻譯教程，張春柏 編著， 高等教育出版社，2006年。英漢翻譯概要，靳梅林 編著， 南開大學(xué)出版社，1998年。新編漢英翻譯教程，陳宏薇 編著，上海外語教育出版社，2

14、004年。英漢翻譯教程，連淑能 編著，高等教育出版社，2006年。參考書：19導(dǎo)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站中國(guó)翻譯協(xié)會(huì) 中國(guó)科技翻譯 譯路網(wǎng) 譯商網(wǎng) 譯龍翻譯網(wǎng)詞匯術(shù)語網(wǎng) 英語之聲 舍生取譯網(wǎng) 201. What is translation?(翻譯的定義)The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another(從一種語言轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種語言);Websters third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into ones own or

15、another language(轉(zhuǎn)換成本族語或另一種語言)。翻譯是一種“語言轉(zhuǎn)換”活動(dòng)。第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的定義 21The definition is:Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.To be more exact, in Nidas & Tytlers words第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的定義 22美國(guó)翻譯理論家

16、Eugene A. Nida：Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. （所謂翻譯，是指在譯語中用最切近而又自然的對(duì)等語再現(xiàn)原語的信息，首先在語義上，其次在文體上。)第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的定義 23A good translation is one which the meri

17、t of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. 好的翻譯應(yīng)該是把原作的長(zhǎng)處完全地移注到另一種語言，以使譯人語所屬國(guó)家的本地人能明白地領(lǐng)悟、強(qiáng)烈地感受

18、，如同使用原作語言的人所領(lǐng)悟、所感受的一樣。(泰特勒，1790)Alexander Fraser Tytler: 第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的定義 24綜合各家之長(zhǎng):翻譯是把一種語言表達(dá)的意義用另一種語言傳達(dá)出來，以達(dá)到溝通思想情感、傳播文化知識(shí)、促進(jìn)社會(huì)文明，特別是推動(dòng)譯語文化興旺昌盛的目的。Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的定義 252. Scope of Translationin

19、 terms of languages:in terms of the mode:in terms of materials to be translated:in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation)第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的分類 1.按語言分類：語內(nèi)翻譯（intralingual translation）語際翻譯（interlingual translation）2. 按活動(dòng)形式分類：筆譯（translation）口譯（oral interpretation）：

20、 連續(xù)傳譯（consecutive translation） 和同聲傳譯（simultaneous translation）3. 按翻譯材料的文體分類：應(yīng)用文體翻譯 科技文體翻譯論述文體翻譯新聞文體翻譯藝術(shù)文體翻譯4. 按處理方式分類：全譯 節(jié)譯 摘譯 編譯 譯述263. Criteria in China A. Yan Fus (嚴(yán)復(fù)) “three character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、達(dá)、

21、雅). “譯事三難：信、達(dá)、雅”B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、達(dá)、切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、達(dá)、貼), 第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 27C. Fu Leis (傅雷) spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit （神似)D. Qian Zhongshu (錢鐘書) transmigration (化境) E. 魯迅：翻譯：一當(dāng)然力求其易解,一則保存原作的豐姿。反對(duì)牛頭不對(duì)

22、馬嘴，提出“寧信而不順”之原則。 林語堂的“忠實(shí)、通順、美” 梁實(shí)秋的“寧錯(cuò)務(wù)順”瞿秋白的“信順統(tǒng)一” 許淵沖的“音美、形美、意美（三美）”第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Criteria for beginners: FaithfulnessSmoothness28“泰特勒三原則” 奈達(dá)（美）的“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”和“功能對(duì)等” 紐馬克（英）的“文本中心”論 Criteria in the West第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 29 十八世紀(jì)末的英國(guó)學(xué)者亞歷山大泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1747-1814)。他在論翻譯的原則(Essay on the Principles

23、of Translation)一書中提出了著名的翻譯三原則：（1）譯文應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想（A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.）（2）譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同(The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.)（3）譯文應(yīng)和原作同樣流暢(A translation should have all the ease of the

24、original composition.）Three Principles of Translation: 第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 30美國(guó)翻譯理論家Eugene A. Nida：把翻譯中的“意義”概括成“語義”和“語體”:Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. （所謂

25、翻譯，是指在譯語中用最切近而又自然的對(duì)等語再現(xiàn)原語的信息，首先在語義上，其次在文體上。)第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 31SL emphasisTL emphasisVWord-for-word translationAdaptation translationLiteral translationIdiomatic translationFree translationFaithful translationSemantic translationCommunicative translationNote: The gap between emphasis on source and targ

26、et language can be narrowed if semantic translation and communicative translation are applied.Peter Newmark 第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 交際翻譯注重譯文讀者產(chǎn)生于原文讀者相同的效果,語義翻譯注重譯出原文的所有含義,它們的根本區(qū)別在于交際翻譯強(qiáng)調(diào)信息產(chǎn)生的效果,語義翻譯強(qiáng)調(diào)信息內(nèi)容,但是,它們之間的區(qū)別是相對(duì)的,在翻譯實(shí)踐中,往往是兩種翻譯方法交替使用,相輔相成,以期達(dá)到譯文的最佳效果.Commenting on these methods, I should first say that

27、 only semantic and communicative translations fulfill the two main aims of translation” (Newmark，Peter,2001)32A. Preparation: basic knowledge about both languages as well as the background knowledge; basic skills in translation are necessary;B. Comprehension: understanding accurately the meaning of

28、the source language; How?C. Expression/Representation: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese;D. Revision /proofreading: check again and again to polish the language. The Process of Translation第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的過程 33第一章：翻譯概述翻譯的過程 Eugene A. Nida 的翻譯過程344. History of Translation in China 1)佛經(jīng)翻譯時(shí)期，從東

29、漢開始至唐宋，1000余年（支謙、道安，鳩摩羅什、真諦、玄奘）2）明末清初：西方科技翻譯 （徐光啟、利瑪竇；李之藻）3）清朝后期：西方哲學(xué)、文學(xué)翻譯 重要人物：林紓、嚴(yán)復(fù)4）中國(guó)近代翻譯史：“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)是分水嶺； 重要人物：魯迅、瞿秋白、林語堂、朱生豪 5）繁榮階段：新中國(guó)的成立第一章：翻譯概述中西譯史 35第一章：翻譯概述中西譯史 Western translation history (reading after the Class) 第一個(gè)高潮是在公元前3世紀(jì)中葉。第二個(gè)高潮發(fā)生于公元4世紀(jì)至6世紀(jì)之間。 第三個(gè)高潮是11世紀(jì)至12世紀(jì)之間。第四次高潮是14-16世紀(jì)的歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。第五次高潮，是第二次世