商貿(mào)信函漢譯英

1、商貿(mào)信函漢譯英商貿(mào)信函商貿(mào)信函是指利用信函的方式，通過郵政的渠道，向指定的單位或個(gè)人傳達(dá)商務(wù)廣告信息，以期達(dá)到一定目的信息傳播活動(dòng)。商業(yè)信函根據(jù)內(nèi)容分為兩類，即廣告類商業(yè)信函和賬單類商業(yè)信函，賬單類商業(yè)信函也可以搭載廣告。 商貿(mào)信函的分類分類：按功能分類詢價(jià)函Inquiry letters報(bào)價(jià)函Offer letters確認(rèn)函Confirmation letters通知函Notification letters允諾函Approval letters收款函Collection letters推銷函Sales letters拒絕函Refusal letters 索賠與理賠函Claims and A

2、djustments letters 商貿(mào)函電的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn) 商貿(mào)函電是一種比較正式的公文體,行文端正,簡(jiǎn)練,清楚,具體,完整,具有一套獨(dú)有的詞匯和習(xí)語(yǔ),也有獨(dú)特的表達(dá)方式.在措辭上比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，注重禮節(jié)，經(jīng)常使用一些客套語(yǔ)。所以,翻譯時(shí)要力求作到準(zhǔn)確、精練。重要的三要素清楚 (clarity)簡(jiǎn)練 (conciseness)禮貌 (courtesy)Clarity確保你的書信寫得很清楚，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤解。 如何解釋下面一句話：New baskets have been adopted for flowers and we are going to send them at once。因此，對(duì)于所寫的一切

3、必需檢查是否清楚，有一絲懷疑，就應(yīng)該重寫。Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)練清楚和簡(jiǎn)練形影不離。簡(jiǎn)練就是以盡可能少的文字表達(dá)思想而又不犧牲清楚。簡(jiǎn)練的信不一定是短信，短信可能是啰嗦的，而長(zhǎng)信可能是簡(jiǎn)練的。 Compare:1. We have received your letter under the date of June 6 and have given same our most careful consideration, but regret to have to inform you that your proposal is unacceptable to us at the pr

4、esent juncture. (Wordy)2. We are sorry we cannot at present agree to the proposal made in your letter of June 6. (Concise) 力爭(zhēng)無(wú)廢話，只有必須的短語(yǔ)、句子。Through years of business dealing, our company has formed the practice that shirts which are exported to European countries be packed either in bales lined with

5、 polythene, each containing 50 pieces in one pattern or in plastic-lined, waterproof cartons, reinforced with metal straps.Through years of business dealing, our company has formed the following two packing practices for shirts exported to European countries. First, pack them in bales lined with pol

6、ythene, each containing 50 pieces in one pattern. Second, pack them in plastic-lined, water-proof cartons, reinforced with metal straps.禮貌“禮貌是做生意的潤(rùn)滑油，它減少摩擦”。 Courtesy is oil to business-it reduces friction.禮貌是寫信人對(duì)讀者善意的表示。讀者反過來(lái)也對(duì)寫信人表示善意。 Courtesy is expression of ones good intentions towards the read

7、er in such a way that the reader in turn expresses his or her good intentions toward the writer.商業(yè)書信的結(jié)構(gòu)(structure) (一)六大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分(Six Standard Parts)： 1.信頭 2.封內(nèi)地址 3.稱呼語(yǔ) 4.正文 5.結(jié)束語(yǔ) 6.簽署1.信頭(heading section): 一般是打印好的，信頭的樣式多種多樣，但都提供類似的信息：商行名稱、地址、城市名、省名（州名）和郵政編碼。有時(shí)也包括 號(hào)碼、 號(hào)碼等。 信頭的最后一行下隔一行附上打印出來(lái)的日期。日期是一則最重要的信

8、息。 2. 封內(nèi)地址（inside address） 包括收信人的姓名或商行名稱和地址，一般在日期下第五行從左邊空白處寫起。例如： 1. The Eastern Seaboard Corporation 350 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 U.S.A. 2. Mr. James Parrinton Vice President The Eastern Seaboard Corporation 350 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.稱呼語(yǔ)應(yīng)和封內(nèi)地址第一行一致。如封內(nèi)地址寫的是Mr James Parrison, 其稱

9、呼語(yǔ)應(yīng)是“Dear Sir” 或“Dear Mr. Parrison”.如封內(nèi)地址是“The Eastern Seaboard Corporation”，其稱呼應(yīng)是“Dear Sirs” 或“Gentlemen”.3. 稱呼語(yǔ)（salutation）4.正文 （Body） 正文是信的最重要部分。 開始寫信之前必需考慮兩點(diǎn)： 1）目的何在？ 2）如何寫？5. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)（結(jié)束禮詞） Complimentary Close 寫信人向讀者告別的表示，以免信結(jié)束得太突然。常用例子如下： Yours truly， Truly yours ， Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours,

10、 6.簽署 Signature 商業(yè)書信的簽署通常在結(jié)束禮詞下空一行寫上商行名稱。在商行名稱下留出足夠的空白以便親筆署名。在署名下打印出署名人的姓名和頭銜。例： Sincerely yours, Paramont Motor Company (Pen-written signature) Charles Smith President商業(yè)書信的結(jié)構(gòu)（二）六個(gè)任選部分 1. 經(jīng)辦人 2. 參考編號(hào) 3. 事由 4. 附件 5. 再啟 6. 抄送經(jīng)辦人 可用attention line 把信導(dǎo)向某一部門或某一個(gè)人。 Attention line 寫在封內(nèi)地址和稱呼之間。 ABC Trading C

11、orporation 123 Broad Street London SW1 OET Britain Attention Mr. John Smith, Export Manager Gentlemen:參考編號(hào) （reference number） 參考編號(hào)用來(lái)涉及先前的通信。很多商行的信紙的信頭中提供書寫參考編號(hào)的位置。 Many letterheads provide spaces for references, e.g. Your reference: or Your ref. : Our reference: or Our ref.:事由或標(biāo)題（subject or caption）

12、 事由或標(biāo)題是一種手段，使人一看就知道這封信與什么有關(guān)。事由常寫在稱呼和正文之間。 Example 1: Subject: New Price List Example 2: Re: New Price List Example 3: New Price List附件（Enclosure） 附件只是告訴收信人在信封內(nèi)還有別的東西和書信放在一起。 Example 1: Enclosures/Encl./Enc.: 2 invoices Example 2: Enclosures/Encl./Enc.: 1B/L (bill of lading 提貨單） 1 Photo Example 3: En

13、closures 2 1. Signed policy 再啟 （Postscript） 在使用再啟時(shí)，通常在簽署的最后一行以下兩行的左邊空白處寫P.S. 再啟只當(dāng)做強(qiáng)調(diào)某信息用，不要把它用作彌補(bǔ)正文內(nèi)容的欠周。 抄送（Carbon Copy Notation） 它告訴收信人該信的抄件將寄給其他人。在信紙左邊寫c.c.或cc,隨后寫上被抄送人的姓名或被抄送商行的名稱，如： c.c. The Bank of Osaka, Kobe The Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry Seeking Friends through the BankMay 27 20

14、08The ManagerABC Bank of New YorkNew York, N.Y. 10017U.S.A.Dear Sir,Indian Trading Co., LtdThe subject firm（標(biāo)題商號(hào)）, one of our important clients, is earnestly looking for some reliable importers who, in your district, are interested in Indian textiles.The firm in question （being talked about）is doing

15、 steady export business, showing satisfactory results in overseas markets.We should be grateful to you if you would let us have some names and addresses of likely importers of good standing (信用良好的)from among your customers, together with brief credit reports （資信情況）on them.Needless to say, the report

16、s supplied by you will be treated in strict confidence, and any expense you paid for this material will be settled by us upon receipt of your bill.Your prompt reply will be appreciated.Yours respectfullyIndian Commercial Bank(Pen-written signature)J. SmithManagerChinese Version 標(biāo)題商號(hào)是我們主要客戶之一，渴望在你地區(qū)尋

17、求幾家對(duì)印度紡織品感興趣的可靠的進(jìn)口商號(hào)。該商號(hào)經(jīng)營(yíng)出口業(yè)務(wù)穩(wěn)妥，在海外市場(chǎng)上經(jīng)營(yíng)成績(jī)良好。如蒙告知你們客戶中某些你們認(rèn)為合適的信用良好的進(jìn)口商號(hào)的名稱和地址，并附來(lái)他們的資信簡(jiǎn)報(bào)，將十分感激。當(dāng)然你們所提供的的報(bào)告，我們一定嚴(yán)格保密。你們?yōu)榇硕冻龅娜魏钨M(fèi)用，一接到你們的清單，我們立即支付。請(qǐng)迅速答復(fù)為荷。外貿(mào)函電的英漢差異相同：英語(yǔ)外貿(mào)函電常使用一些古詞，如hereby由此 therefore因此 thereafter據(jù)此 whereof關(guān)于那個(gè) hereto關(guān)于這個(gè) 漢語(yǔ)中有對(duì)等的翻譯不同之處：英語(yǔ)函電的正式文體特征體現(xiàn)在句式上；而漢語(yǔ)主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯上：茲、本、其、鑒于、根據(jù)、若等詞表示

18、正式文體。禮貌體現(xiàn)不同：漢語(yǔ)常常通過英語(yǔ)中沒有的“貶己尊人準(zhǔn)則”(您、敝公司、貴廠、敬希望等)來(lái)取得和諧的效果，而英語(yǔ)則通過頻繁使用漢字中沒有的虛擬語(yǔ)氣、時(shí)態(tài)（am looking)等的變化來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。例子：敝公司在此敬希望貴廠能以你們一向的、If we could come to agreement on this, I think we could cooperate better in the near future.翻譯技巧專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯翻譯方法文體要求禮貌要求其他專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯最主要的靠：專業(yè)背景的學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)詞匯的積累應(yīng)注意：裝運(yùn)通知區(qū)別：Shipping advice Shipping

19、instruction 前者系發(fā)貨人給收貨人后者系收貨人給發(fā)貨人確認(rèn)：Acknowledge confirm常用于確認(rèn)對(duì)方來(lái)信時(shí)We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated the 3rd inst.enclosing the above Sales Contract in duplicate在外貿(mào)習(xí)慣上僅用于確認(rèn)來(lái)往電報(bào)及電傳上。專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)包裝：散裝bulk 大包bale 塑料袋polythene bag 紙盒cardboard box 紙板箱carton 黃麻袋gunny bangs 柳條箱crateShipmentFOB free on board

20、 CIF cost insurance and freightCFR C&F: cost and freight 介詞的使用表索賠的原因for如claim for damage表索賠的金額for claim for US$10,000對(duì)某批貨物索賠on, claim on the goods向某人索賠against, against the underwriter成交一筆交易，離不開訂單（order ）銷售合同（SC）信用證（LC）和貨物（goods）, 請(qǐng)注意這四者如何用介詞連接。LC No. against SC No. LC No. against Order No. SC No. ag

21、ainst Order No. Goods against LC No. Goods against Order No. Goods against SC No. 順序不可顛倒 LCSCOrderagainstCovering Under For As there is no direct sailing to your port we regret being unable to ship the goods in April. There is no vessel sailing for Hamburg this month.船舶駛往某目的港，應(yīng)為sail to. 與leave 相同。Sa

22、iling n. 作名詞用，意為船舶時(shí)，后跟介詞to.We will ship the goods, with transshipment at Hong Kong. 在某地轉(zhuǎn)船，用at不用in.到期：匯票到期可以說fall duemature，但不能說expire 在信用證到期時(shí)，只能用expireYou must give us your assurance that you will honor the draft when it falls due.在商貿(mào)信函的翻譯中，“忠實(shí)”必須強(qiáng)調(diào)“再現(xiàn)原文所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義信息不必刻意保留原文的語(yǔ)言形式，而應(yīng)根據(jù)譯語(yǔ)自身的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)法選取最貼切對(duì)等的

23、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式”用詞方面例一：本公司從事紡織品出口業(yè)務(wù)，有30多年的行業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn) 1、our company deals in export of textiles and has a history of over three decades in the line.2、we are exporters of textiles with a history of over thirty years in the line.組句方面若每年每種商品的定購(gòu)數(shù)量不少于5000打，我方可以給予5%的特別折扣。貸款須憑借不可撤銷的即期信用證支付。1、upon annual purchases of each

24、item not less than 5000 dozen, we will make you a special discount of 5%. Payment is to be made by irrevocable LC at sight.2.upon annual purchases of each item not less than 5000 dozen, we will make you a special discount of 5% with payment to be made by irrevocable LC at sight.練習(xí)：我方將用“濟(jì)南”號(hào)貨輪裝運(yùn)第122號(hào)

25、合同項(xiàng)下的貨物，該貨輪定于5月5日前后從本港駛往貴港。We shall ship Contract No.122 by s.s. “jinan” due to sail for your port on or about May 5.語(yǔ)氣方面Enclosed please find our latest catalogue and price list for the items we are handling.隨函附上本公司目前經(jīng)營(yíng)的商品的最新目錄和價(jià)目表，敬請(qǐng)查收。（信息焦點(diǎn)）敘事視角和稱謂問題語(yǔ)用學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)：英漢譯文的敘事人稱并不一致，亦即敘事視角不一致。通常，對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)的第二人稱敘事，英譯

26、文或采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)敘事或以第三人稱全知視角敘事或采用第一人稱緩和法間接說明問題，令外貿(mào)交往的空間更為廣闊，更加利于合作和人際交往。貴方犯了一個(gè)非常大意的錯(cuò)誤。A very careless mistake was made.貴方似乎早應(yīng)辦完該項(xiàng)手續(xù)。It seems to us that you should have done it.貴方建議恐怕令人難以接受。We are afraid that we cannot agree to your proposal.文體要求周兆祥、范志偉于年在中國(guó)翻譯上發(fā)表“財(cái)經(jīng)翻譯漫談”中對(duì)提升水平提出建議，即用“近文言體”quasi-ancient Chine

27、se style進(jìn)行外貿(mào)函電的翻譯。以下提供一些外貿(mào)函電的常用套語(yǔ)及其漢譯：We have pleasure in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products.欣寄我方目錄，提供我方各類產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)情況。We thank you for all past favor and we are always at your service.謝謝貴方以往的惠顧，并盼總能為您效勞。Punctual shipment can be ensured provided we receive

28、the covering LC not later than若有關(guān)信用證不遲于到達(dá)我方，可保證準(zhǔn)時(shí)裝船。Claims which fall within the responsibility of parties other than the supplier will not be accepted by us.非供貨方責(zé)任的索賠，我們不予受理。禮貌要求Leech: 在所有語(yǔ)言交際中maximize the expression of polite beliefs minimize the expression of impolite beliefs 商務(wù)書信的禮貌級(jí)別較高，除表現(xiàn)在使用一些

29、常用的客套話，如：we are pleasedwe would be obliged ifyour esteemed letter等之外,還表現(xiàn)在越是對(duì)收信人不利的內(nèi)容，所用語(yǔ)言越禮貌。當(dāng)問題不怎么嚴(yán)重時(shí)：There are some problems about the quality of your products當(dāng)問題較嚴(yán)重，對(duì)對(duì)方的責(zé)難較厲害時(shí)：We are sorry to have to complain of the quality ofWe regret to say that a part of the goods, indeed, nearly half, have lo

30、st a good deal of their quality by使這種對(duì)他人不利的表達(dá)變得間接，委婉可以讓對(duì)方感到你友善和富有同情心，因而更傾向于合作。I am very happy to inform you that your captioned letter of credit has punctually reached our side and the goods in question have been ready for shipment.In reply, we very much regret to state that our end-users here find

31、your price too high and quite out of line with the prevailing market level.商貿(mào)函電的分解翻譯起始用語(yǔ)建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系 a) 我們希望與您建立業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)。 Please allow us to express our hope of opening an account with you. b)我們?cè)概c貴公司建立商務(wù)關(guān)系。 We are willing to establish trade relations with your company.B. 自我推薦 本公司經(jīng)營(yíng)這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)已多年，并享有很高的國(guó)際信譽(yù)。Our compa

32、ny has been in this line of business for many years and enjoys high international prestige. a)我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量一流，我們的客戶一直把本公司視為最可信賴的公司。Our products are of very good quality and our firm is always regarded by our customers as the most reliable one.b)C. 推銷產(chǎn)品我們新研制的已推出上市，特此奉告。We are pleased to inform you that we

33、have just marketed our newly-developed我們盼望成為貴公司的供應(yīng)商。 We are pleased to get in touch with you for the supply of D. 索取資料 我們對(duì)貴方的新產(chǎn)品. 感興趣，希望能寄來(lái)貴公司的產(chǎn)品目錄及價(jià)目表。 We are interested in your new productand shall be pleased to have a catalog and price list.E. 寄發(fā)資料 欣寄我方目錄，提供我方各類產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)情況。 We have pleasures in sendi

34、ng you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products.F. 附寄資料隨函附上訂單確認(rèn)書供參考。隨函附上本公司新出品的.樣品，請(qǐng)查收。A confirmation order is enclosed for your reference.You will find enclosed with this letter a sample of new.G. 請(qǐng)求做代理商我們深盼與英國(guó)公司接洽，希望成為其銷售代理商之一。We are anxious to contact some British fi

35、rms with a view to acting as their selling agents. H. 請(qǐng)求報(bào)價(jià)請(qǐng)將下列貨品的最低價(jià)格賜知。Kindly quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below. J. 訂貨 請(qǐng)速告知我方是否能按修改價(jià)訂貨。 Please inform us by return whether we may book your order at these revised price. We shall book a trial order with you, provided you will give

36、 us a 5% commission.假如貴方給百分之五的傭金，我們將向您們?cè)囉喴慌?。K. 責(zé)問 你方未能按規(guī)定時(shí)間發(fā)貨，給我們帶來(lái)了極大的不便。 Your failure in delivering the goods within the stipulated time has greatly inconvenienced us.L. 索賠 你方提供的證明是不充分的，因此我方不能考慮你方的索賠要求。 The evidence you have provided is inadequate, therefore, we cannot consider your claim as requ

37、ested.M. 付款茲附上支票一張以付清第 號(hào)發(fā)票上的金額。We have the pleasure of enclosing our cheque in payment of your invoice No.因?yàn)樨浳镄枰惹?，如能盡快交貨，將非常感激。 We shall be grateful for prompt delivery as the goods are needed urgently.我們希望能有為貴方表現(xiàn)服務(wù)效率的機(jī)會(huì)。We should appreciate the opportunity of showing you how efficiently we can ser

38、ve you.我方保證隨時(shí)對(duì)你方利益給以足夠的重視。We assure you of our careful attention to your interests at all times. 2.結(jié)尾用語(yǔ)Exercises 1.希望這些資料對(duì)你們有些用處。 We hope this information will prove useful to you.2.我們建議你們客戶直接和他們聯(lián)系，他們將會(huì)提供給你們客戶一切必須的資料。 We advise your clients to communicate directly with them. They will furnish your c

39、lients with all such information as may be required.3.如蒙寄來(lái)你們最新的價(jià)目單，將十分感謝。We should be grateful if you would send us your latest prices list.4.總體上說，該貨是令人滿意的。The goods are satisfactory as a whole.5.該商號(hào)經(jīng)營(yíng)出口業(yè)務(wù)穩(wěn)妥，在海外市場(chǎng)上經(jīng)營(yíng)成績(jī)良好。The firm in question is doing steady export business, showing a satisfactory re

40、sults in overseas markets.6.這種商品需求穩(wěn)定。There is a steady demand for this article.Seeking Friends through Chamber of CommerceJune 17 2008Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and IndustryTokyo 101JapanDear Sirs,We have been leading importers of light industrial products for more than ten years, and are planning to

41、 extend our business activities to our neighboring countries, from the clients in which we have many inquiries for Leather Bags.Would you please introduce us to some of the most reliable exporters of the same lines.As to our credit standing, we are permitted to mention the DEX Bank, Copenhagen as a

42、reference. （資信備詢?nèi)耍￤e are looking forward to your favorable and prompt reply.Yours faithfullyUnited Import Co., LtdManager在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，出口商在同新客戶建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系前，可以要求該客戶提供他的往來(lái)銀行（bank reference）的名稱，或是一家他以前與之有業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)的商行(trade reference)的名稱，作為資信證明人(reference)?！皉eference” has two meanings: (1) a piece of written information

43、 about someones character, ability, etc.證明材料 (2) a person who provides such information. 證明人Chinese Version我們十多年來(lái)一直經(jīng)營(yíng)輕工業(yè)品進(jìn)口業(yè)務(wù)，現(xiàn)在打算向鄰近諸國(guó)擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)，這些國(guó)家已有很多客戶向我們尋購(gòu)皮革提包。請(qǐng)推薦給我們一些上述商品最可靠的出口商。至于我們的資信情況，我們已征得哥本哈根DEX銀行同意，把該行作為我們的資信備詢?nèi)?。Translate the following sentences1.他們是可靠的買主。They are reliable buyers.2.他們的信用可由瑞

44、士銀行證明。Their reference is the Bank of Switzerland.3.現(xiàn)在我們打算向貴國(guó)南部擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)。We are now planning to extend our business activities to the southern part of your country.Credit InquiryDear Sir, The Maryland, Inc. The subject company is now offering to represent us in the sale of our Sewing Machines, and has ref

45、erred us to your bank for detailed information about its credit standing, business capacity and character. We shall appreciate it if you will give us your frank opinion on these points regarding the company. Any information you may give us will be treated in confidence. We assure you of our reciproc

46、ating your courtesy at any time.Chinese Version 事由/標(biāo)題：瑪麗蘭有限公司 標(biāo)題公司提出要當(dāng)我公司代理，銷售我們的縫紉機(jī)，并介紹我公司向貴行了解該公司的信用、業(yè)務(wù)能力和聲譽(yù)的詳細(xì)情況。如貴行對(duì)該公司就上述幾點(diǎn)提出坦率意見，將非常感謝。 貴行提供的資料將嚴(yán)格保密。 保證隨時(shí)回報(bào)貴行的好意。Reply to Credit InquiryGentlemen: The Maryland, Inc. The subject company you inquired about by your letter of October 25, 2008,has b

47、een maintaining an account with us for the past 20 years, during which they never failed to meet their obligation. Their balance sheets (資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表) of recent years enclosed will show you that their import business in Sewing Machines has been managed and operated under a satisfactory condition. We believe that they owe their reputable position among the local wholesalers in our district to their steady and sincere way of conducting business. Please note that this information is furn