牛津譯林版Module4Unit1語(yǔ)法梳理

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)考情分析直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法之一。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都含一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，直接 引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、大小寫(xiě)、語(yǔ)序等都要作相應(yīng) 變化。引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話把別人的 話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。在直接引語(yǔ)向間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程中，不僅要進(jìn)行句式上的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且常常 要在時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)、人稱(chēng)等方面做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。1直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)變化遵循一主、二賓、三不變”的規(guī)律。如：Li Lin said to Xiao Li, I ll help your bro

2、ther with his Chin ese. ”Li Lin told Xiao Li hed help her brother with his chin ese.一主：句中第一人稱(chēng)I改成與主句語(yǔ)Li Lin相應(yīng)的人稱(chēng)he；二賓：句中第二人稱(chēng) your改成與主句賓語(yǔ)XiaoLi相應(yīng)的人稱(chēng)her；三不變：句中第三人稱(chēng) his無(wú)須改變。若直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，則可根據(jù)以下口訣變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)：去掉引號(hào)要加to，ask, order須記住；直接引語(yǔ)若否定，not加在to前面”。女口：Mary said to her mother, “ Please give me some money.”Mary as

3、ked her mother to give her some mon ey.名師點(diǎn)睛當(dāng)祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，因?yàn)槠硎咕浔硎尽罢?qǐng)求、命令”等口氣，所以祈使句直接引語(yǔ)變 為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不存在時(shí)態(tài)的變化。但是人稱(chēng)、指示代詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等的變化還應(yīng)根據(jù)陳述句直接引語(yǔ) 變間接引語(yǔ)的方法進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的改變。直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)引述動(dòng)詞的選擇視內(nèi)容而定：表示 命令時(shí)用 tell、order、comma nd;表示 請(qǐng)求時(shí)用 ask、beg、request；表示 :忠告時(shí)用advise、urge；表示建議時(shí)用suggestThe doctor said to me.D ont drink too m

4、uch.The doctor advisd me not to drink too much4.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律如下表所示:時(shí)態(tài)一致直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)不變She says, “1 do/did/have done/ will do.”She says (that)she does/did/has don e/will do.主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)f過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)She said,I do/ did/have done/will do/am doing/was doin g.She said that she did/had do

5、ne/had done/would do/was doin g/was doin g.例外情形一般真理時(shí)態(tài)不變The teacher said,“ The carth moves round the sun,The teacher said tht the cath moves round the sun.歷史事實(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變Our teacher said,World War lI en ded in 1945.Our teacher said that World War n ended in 1945.5指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化如下表所示:直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的變化直接引

6、語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)例句this t thatShe said,“1 wilome this momi ng.She said that she would go that mormi ng.theses thoseHe said.These books are mime.He said that those books were his.nowT the nHe said, “It is nine o clock nowie said that it was nine o clo(today- t that dayHe said, “1 have nt see n her today.He said

7、that he had nt seen her that day.yesterday t the day beforeShe said. “1 went there yesterday.She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow t the net(following)dayShe said,Ib th ere tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the n ext(follow in g)day.here t thereHe said. “ Master was here

8、three days ago. ”He said that his sister had bee n there three days eTg oSho said.I will come here this evening.She said that she would go there that evening.then.考點(diǎn)必備（1）轉(zhuǎn)述表示命令、要求的祈使句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)除用tell/order sb.to do ”或order+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用“ tell/say+that從句”表示，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用be+不定式”或have（got）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，含有“一定，必須”等意思。（2）“be+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)在直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或直接引語(yǔ)中含有時(shí)間或條件從句的情況最 為常見(jiàn)。（3） 轉(zhuǎn)述表示建議、勸告的祈使句，在變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)可用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞”或“ suggest+that從句（虛擬 式）”，這種用法在let祈使句中最為常見(jiàn)。（4） 轉(zhuǎn)述表示號(hào)召、鼓勵(lì)的let祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)除用“urge/advise sb.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用urge/adv