高考英語(yǔ)-語(yǔ)法專題(三)課件

1、2011屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題(三)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在不同的時(shí)態(tài)下助動(dòng)詞be有不同的形式?，F(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞tell為例，列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(am，is，are)told一般過(guò)去時(shí)be (was，were)told一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will be told過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would be told進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be (am，is，are)being told過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)be (was，were)being told完成式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been told過(guò)去完成時(shí)had be

2、en told1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are ordered to do it.這樣考過(guò)(2009南京調(diào)研)The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow，when a snowstorm _ to strike our area.Bhas expectedCis expected Dwill be expected解析：句意：屆時(shí)會(huì)有暴風(fēng)雪。be expected to“預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)做某事”。答案：C2一般過(guò)去時(shí)：I was invited to the concert.這樣考過(guò)(2009北京)The way the guests

3、_ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.Atreated Bwere treatedCwould treat Dwould be treated解析：句意：客人們?cè)诼灭^中被招待的方式影響到對(duì)他們服務(wù)的評(píng)價(jià)。此題考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意，客人是被招待的，應(yīng)排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；influenced 時(shí)間提示為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選B。答案：B(2009湖南示范性中學(xué)聯(lián)考)After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia _ b

4、y the British in 1770. Awas claimed Bclaimed Cwas claiming Dhas been claimed解析：由句意：自1606年被荷蘭探險(xiǎn)者發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，澳大利亞?wèn)|半部分在1770年宣布為英國(guó)所有，知答案選A。答案：A3一般將來(lái)時(shí)：The matter will be looked into tomorrow.這樣考過(guò)(2009皖西四校)_ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games _ in London. AWhat; will be heldBIt; will hold CAs; is held

5、 DWhich; holds解析：由句意知空中應(yīng)填一個(gè)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，并作句子的主語(yǔ)；由句中的時(shí)間2012年知表將來(lái)，且Olympic Games與hold之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。綜上選A。答案：A(2009北京海淀區(qū))If your order is ready，the Tshirt _ to you as soon as possible.Ahas delivered Bis deliveredCwill deliver Dwill be delivered解析：主語(yǔ)是Tshirt 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，deliver 應(yīng)用被動(dòng)，表示Tshirt被送，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，如果你定了貨，Tshirt

6、 將會(huì)隨時(shí)被送貨。故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D(2009北京宣武區(qū))A meeting _ at 3 pm.next Tuesday.Will you go there?Ahas held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dwill hold 解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next Tuesday 判斷用將來(lái)式。主語(yǔ)是meeting 被舉行因此選C項(xiàng)。will be held 為將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。答案：C4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The house is being built.這樣考過(guò)(2009四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge

7、 to it _.Ahas repaired Bis repairedCis being repaired Dwill be repaired解析：句意：為什么我們不選擇走那條路以節(jié)省時(shí)間呢？因?yàn)槿ツ菞l路的橋正在修理中。題目考查了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作謂語(yǔ)。橋與修理存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境要求采用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。答案：C(2009湖南)Would you please keep silent？The weather report _ and I want to listen.Ais broadcast Bis being broadcastChas been broadcast Dhad be

8、en broadcast 解析：句意：請(qǐng)安靜一下好嗎？正廣播天氣預(yù)報(bào)呢，我想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)。根據(jù)句意，該空考查的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：B(2009江蘇)Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry._.AIts repaired BIt has been repairedCIts being repaired DIt had been repaired解析：句意：嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一會(huì)兒你的電腦嗎？真抱歉，電腦正在修理。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是此時(shí)電腦正被維修，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：C5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：W

9、hen I called，tea was being served.這樣考過(guò)(2009上海)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people _ not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere always being warnedCare always warning Dalways warned解析：句意：在最近恐怖活動(dòng)期間，人們總是在被警告不要碰任何無(wú)人照看的包。be always doing sth.總是做某事，表達(dá)某種抱怨、不滿或贊許的情緒。人們是“

10、被警告”，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：B6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：My bike has been repaired.這樣考過(guò)(2009全國(guó))His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard of 解析：句意：他妹妹在1998年離開(kāi)家，從那以后就沒(méi)了音訊。根據(jù)句意，指的是過(guò)去離開(kāi)以后，到現(xiàn)在一直沒(méi)音訊，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；hear of 與his sister 在本句中為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選B。答案：B7過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Whe

11、n we went to the cinema，the film had been on for ten minutes.這樣考過(guò)(2009北京崇文區(qū))It was proven that the story of one witness _.Ahas been invented Bhad been inventedCwould be invented Dwas invented解析：此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，據(jù)證實(shí)(It was proven that.)用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，故后面用過(guò)去完成式(已經(jīng)被編造出來(lái))。答案：B(2009皖南八校聯(lián)考)This Monday morning I was informe

12、d I _ as one of three exchange students from our college.Ahad been choosing Bwas chosenChad been chosen Dwas choosing解析：過(guò)去的過(guò)去應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：C8過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：He said that the teaching building would be built next month.這樣考過(guò)(2006湖南)In a room above the store，where a party_，some workers were busily setting the

13、table.Awas to be held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dis being held解析：由some workers were busily setting the table，可知會(huì)議要被召開(kāi)，同時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A。答案：A9將來(lái)完成時(shí)：They will have finished the work ahead of time when we decide to see them.這樣考過(guò)(2009青島質(zhì)檢)Have you finished your essay?Half _ when you come back.Ahas been don

14、e Bis doneCbe done Dwill have been done解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)辨析。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以主句表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，且表示“等你回來(lái)的時(shí)候一半的工作將已經(jīng)完成”。答案：D10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞These books must be returned in three days.注：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還有一種“get過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。例如：Teacher Wang got married last year.這樣考過(guò)(2009北京宣武區(qū))At minus 130，a living c

15、ell can _ for a thousand years.Apreserve Bbe preservedCbe preserving Dhave been preserved解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。can 后面接動(dòng)詞原形，同時(shí)應(yīng)注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為：在零下130時(shí)，活細(xì)胞可以存活一千年。答案：B二、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況用法例句這幾類動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)表示烹調(diào)、飲食方面的動(dòng)詞。如：cook，eat，drink，taste等。The soup tastes delicious.湯很好喝。表示運(yùn)動(dòng)變化的某些動(dòng)詞。如：drive，change，move等。In America，cars drive

16、 on the righthand side of the road.在美國(guó)，車輛靠右行駛。表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、特征的連系動(dòng)詞。如：look，feel，smell，sound等。The desk feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來(lái)很光滑。用法例句用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞不定式。Please lend me a pen to write with.請(qǐng)借給我一支鋼筆寫字。在“beadj.不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The chair is very comfortable to sit on

17、.這把椅子坐著很舒適。在“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式動(dòng)作與疑問(wèn)詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Who do you think can tell us what to do?你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)可以告訴我們做什么？用法例句在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)后的不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用其被動(dòng)形式。但跟邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)必須用主動(dòng)形式。There is nothing to fear/to be feared.沒(méi)有什么可害怕的。Theres nothing for me to do today.今天我無(wú)事可做。在beadj./adv.enough不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示

18、被動(dòng)意義。The story was not interesting enough to publish.這部小說(shuō)趣味性不夠，不能發(fā)表。表示“需要”意義的need，want，require及worth之后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。His watch is out of order and needs repairing.他的手表出毛病了，需要修理。這樣考過(guò)(2009洛陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考)Honey，this is a present for your birthday.Ah！A pair of shoes，Nike！I think it _ comfortable.Awears Bis wornCi

19、s wearing Dhas worn解析：it wears comfortable 它穿起來(lái)很舒服。答案： A(2009鄭州預(yù)測(cè))Id like a pen which _ well.Will this one _？Awrites; help Bwrites; doCis written; work Dis written; help解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞辨析。第一空表示“一支好用的鋼筆”，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而不用被動(dòng)，因此空白處填writes。答語(yǔ)說(shuō)：這支筆可以嗎？表示“行，可以”用動(dòng)詞do。答案：B(2009北京五中)Our house has reached the point where

20、 so many things need _ and its so hard to find the time to fix them.Ato do up Bdoing upCto put up Dputting up答案：B三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語(yǔ)的特征或所處的狀態(tài)。區(qū)別例句大多數(shù)用by短語(yǔ)的句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若用其他固定搭配的介詞，往往是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。I was frightened by his ghost story.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))我被他的鬼故事嚇著了。I was frightened of snakes.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))我怕蛇。區(qū)別例

21、句“bep.p.”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，若句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性，是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若無(wú)這類狀語(yǔ)，則是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The bank is usually closed at six.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))銀行通常在6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。The bank is now closed.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))銀行現(xiàn)在沒(méi)開(kāi)門?！癰ep.p.”是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，若句中有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或目的狀語(yǔ)，多為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；沒(méi)有狀語(yǔ)的情況要依據(jù)上下文意思確定。The picture was drawn long ago.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))這幅畫是很久以前畫的。The picture was drawn well.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))這幅畫畫得很好。這樣考過(guò)(武漢)

22、Moms spent the day shopping，cleaning and cooking and now she_.Ahas worn out Bis worn outCis wearing out Dwears out解析：本題的第一分句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知指現(xiàn)在狀況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，be worn out意為“筋疲力盡”。答案：B四、“get過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法用法例句表示突然、偶然、意外發(fā)生的事。The student got hurt on his way home from school.這名學(xué)生在放學(xué)回家的路上受了傷。Some glasses got

23、 broken when we were moving.我們搬家的時(shí)候有些杯子被打碎了。用法例句表示反身行為而非被動(dòng)行為。I have to get dressed before 8 oclock.8點(diǎn)鐘前我必須穿戴好。Im afraid you cant have time to get changed before the party.恐怕在晚會(huì)前你沒(méi)時(shí)間換衣服了。表示說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作。Antonio and Portia arranged to get married.安東尼奧和鮑西婭籌備要結(jié)婚。Did you get invited to the party?你被邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)了嗎？這樣

24、考過(guò)(2009北京東城區(qū))Do you know how much a babysitter _ for an hour?Well，it depends.Apays Bgets paidCbeing paid Dpaid解析：根據(jù)句意“你知道一個(gè)保姆一小時(shí)掙多少錢嗎”可知答案為B。答案：B(2009重慶診斷)Whats wrong with your leg?It _ in a car accident.Ahas been hurt Bgot hurt Churt Dhurts解析：考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。答語(yǔ)意為：在一次車禍中受傷了。主語(yǔ)It即指my leg，為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者，因此需

25、要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；車禍發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這里got hurtwas hurt。答案：B單項(xiàng)填空1The students said hello to the teacher and _ with a smile.Awere rewarded Bwas rewardedChave rewarded Dhas rewarded答案與解析：A“學(xué)生們向老師問(wèn)好，老師回應(yīng)給他們一個(gè)微笑?！睉?yīng)該是“學(xué)生們被回應(yīng)”由句意可知此處為被動(dòng)，故C、D排除；又“the students”做主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“were”，故選A項(xiàng)。2Have the traffic police caught the

26、driver?Yes.He _ only two hours after the accident occurred.Awas caught BcaughtChas caught Dhas caught答案與解析：A表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事用過(guò)去式。He和caught 形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day.Right.They _ for weeks.Ahavent been cleaned Bdidnt cleanChadnt been cleaned Dhavent cleaned

27、答案與解析：C考查時(shí)態(tài)。第一句話的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是must have taken，說(shuō)明此處是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)；答語(yǔ)“好幾個(gè)星期沒(méi)有打掃了”發(fā)生在that day 之前，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4The advanced highspeed railway _ in the year 2012，when the Olympics are to be held in London.Awill be completed Bhas completedCwill have completed Dwill complete答案與解析：A考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the year 2

28、012暗示應(yīng)該用將來(lái)的某種時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)“The advanced highspeed railway”是動(dòng)作的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只有選項(xiàng)A為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，答案為A。5Why do you look so worried?My computer broke down and my essay _ since.Ahas been left unfinishedBhas left to finishCwas left to finishDhad been left unfinished答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。由broke down和since 可知時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間

29、是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6Why dont you buy that shirt?That kind of material _ well.Adoesnt wash Bhasnt washedCisnt washed Dcant be washed答案與解析：A有少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為不及物動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：cut，lock，open，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等，此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物，而且這些動(dòng)詞常和well，easily等連用或與否定詞連用構(gòu)成否定句。注意：含有這類動(dòng)詞的句子也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示，但含義不同。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)狀，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則側(cè)重某一動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。本

30、句表示那種面料很不耐洗，所以選A。7After saying goodbye，the couple moved off and _ in the crowd.Awas lost Bwere lost Chad lost Dto lose答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語(yǔ)是the couple，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；空中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與moved off 一致，此處應(yīng)用be lost，表示“消失在人群里”。8Why do you go to work by bus?Because my car _.Ahas repaired Bhas been repairedCwas repaired Dis being repaired答案與解析：D考查時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。從本題語(yǔ)境可知，沒(méi)有開(kāi)車的原因是車子正在被修理，因此動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。9He _ as a child，sent to