中考英語沖刺之寫作(中考書面表達(dá)體裁及套路)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)中考寫作要求輔導(dǎo)講義主 題中考書面表達(dá)體裁及套路教學(xué)內(nèi)容C專題-中考寫作要求寫作要求根據(jù)廣州市英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2011年版）規(guī)定：初中畢業(yè)時(shí)（五級(jí)），學(xué)生應(yīng)能根據(jù)圖示和表格寫出簡單的段落或操作說明，使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系、能簡單描述人物或事件。作文評(píng)價(jià)基本要求Elements（要素）Level（檔次）Content（內(nèi)容）（6分）Relevance to topic（切合題意，體現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)）65.5543210.50Development of topic（題材有

2、所發(fā)揮）Accuracy（準(zhǔn)確性）（6分）Grammar（語法）65.5543210Vocabulary（詞匯）Mechanics（機(jī)械性，指大小寫和拼寫等格式錯(cuò)誤）Fluency（流暢性）（3分）Organization（結(jié)構(gòu)）32.521.510.50Cohesion（連貫性） 作文評(píng)價(jià)的要求與作文評(píng)卷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致。英語的作文評(píng)卷一般都采用通讀一遍，然后根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及文章的語言結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行總體評(píng)分。中考英語書面表達(dá)題的具體要求是：切題，能正確表達(dá)思想；意義連貫，文章基本通順；無重大語言錯(cuò)誤?？偟膩碚f，考生要做到結(jié)構(gòu)完整、意思連貫、表達(dá)清晰、語言正確，評(píng)分主要按照上圖所示的內(nèi)容、準(zhǔn)確性、流暢性這三

3、方面進(jìn)行評(píng)分。試題所提供的情景一般都會(huì)考慮到考生的年齡特點(diǎn)和能力范圍。同學(xué)們只要根以上要求寫出80詞左右的短文，便可獲得高分。例如：Write at least 80 words about the topic “Things I Hate to Do” （以“我不喜歡”為題寫一篇不少于80個(gè)詞的短文。）Use the following points as a guide. （短文必須包含下列要點(diǎn)。）- What are the things that you hate to do?- What do you hate most? Why? (Give at least two reason

4、s.)I love people and enjoy life. However, there are still things that I hate to do第一篇I hate to drink wine and waste time. But I hate smoking most！ Smoking is not harmful to our health but also harmful to other peoples health. There are many people die of smoking every year. If we stop smoking, our h

5、ealth will become better and better. So we must do our best to stop smoking. Then our world will become more and beautiful. 點(diǎn)評(píng)： 該文章基本切題，除了第四句有語法錯(cuò)誤以外，全文意義比較連貫，表達(dá)也比較清楚。但是，文章句式比較單一，用詞不夠豐富，缺少變化，理由只舉了一個(gè)，沒有展開。第二篇I hate to keep pets and tell lies. And the thing that I hate most is smoking. As we all know,

6、smoking is unhealthy and can cause diseases. It is not only bad for smokers but also harmful to others. Whenever my father smokes,I feel sick and start coughing. Besides, smoking wastes a lot of money. Most people never plan to spend a lot of money on cigarettes, but once youre addicted to it,stoppi

7、ng is very difficult. So if you smoke, youre actually setting fire to piles of money. Just think of what you could buy with that money at the mall! Whats more, people who smoke smell bad. The unpleasant smell stays on hair, clothing and skin.Then there is the bad breath. Therefore,I hate smoking mos

8、t. 點(diǎn)評(píng)： 該文章緊扣主題，意思表達(dá)清晰；文章層次分明、理由充分( harmful to smokersand others，waste a lot of money，smell bad)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整；用詞規(guī)范、準(zhǔn)確，富有變化；上下文銜接合理、意義連貫。兩篇文章一對(duì)比，孰優(yōu)孰劣十分明顯。要想在考試中寫出好文章并得到高分毋庸置疑，主要取決于平時(shí)所下的功夫和語言的積累，需要在學(xué)習(xí)中多讀多記，勤練勤寫。但是，掌握英語文章的體裁和寫作套路也可以起到事半功倍的效果。初中階段的作文考題，由于受到時(shí)間和字?jǐn)?shù)的限制，多為一段成文，當(dāng)然也可以分為兩到三段。這種段落式短文是圍繞一個(gè)主題思想（通常由主題句來表示）而

9、展開的一系列相關(guān)的旬子。由于英語民族的思維是直線型的，所以英語段落的特征也是按照一條直線展開，即由主題句、發(fā)展句和結(jié)尾句組成。段落中的每一個(gè)句子按照單一性（緊緊圍繞主題句）和連貫性（句子之間互相銜接、層次分明）的原則，對(duì)段落的主題進(jìn)行解釋、說明和論證，構(gòu)成一篇完整的段落短文。每一篇文章都有一個(gè)寫作對(duì)象。這個(gè)對(duì)象可以是人、是物、是景，也可以是一種觀點(diǎn)或一種現(xiàn)象。所以，在拿到寫作題時(shí)，首先要認(rèn)真審題，搞清楚文章的主旨，然后再?zèng)Q定文章的體裁，按照考題的要求寫出一篇切合題意的文章。如果不明確寫作對(duì)象和文章主旨，亂寫一氣，不論辭藻多么華麗，都是沒有意義的。C專題-不同體裁的寫作套路記敘文記敘文是以敘述為

10、主要表達(dá)方法，按照一定的時(shí)間或者空間順序記錄生活中的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展過程。 記敘文通常有兩大類：側(cè)重于寫人的稱為人物記敘文；側(cè)重于敘事的稱為敘事記敘文。在記敘文中，人和事實(shí)際上很難分開，因?yàn)槿松钤谏鐣?huì)里，總是和所做的事情聯(lián)系在一起。寫人必然要敘述有關(guān)的事；敘事也必然要涉及有關(guān)的人，但是由于寫作的目的不同，側(cè)重點(diǎn)會(huì)有所不同。 記敘文要求抓住主題，然后使用相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)加以說明。記敘文一般有六大要素：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果。寫人時(shí)要交代清楚人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件；敘事時(shí)要講清楚事情的前因后果和發(fā)展過程。 記敘文常用來敘述往事，因此謂語動(dòng)詞常使用過去時(shí)態(tài)。 記敘文中還可以適當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行描寫，使得

11、人物、場景生動(dòng)活潑，增加文章的感染力。一、寫人 寫人要寫出個(gè)性，所謂的個(gè)性是指人的脾氣性格、興趣愛好和思想品質(zhì)等方面的特點(diǎn)。 脾氣性格涉及：熱心的( warm-hearted)、大方的(generous)、耐心的(patient)、熱情的(enthusiastic)、淘氣的(naughty)、沒耐心的(impatient)等； 興趣愛好涉及：足球迷(a football fan)、影迷(a movie fan)、喜歡吃意大利食品(a fan of Italian food)、喜歡跳舞(like dancing)、喜歡打籃球(like playing basketball)等； 思想品質(zhì)涉及：善

12、良的( kind)、誠實(shí)的(honest)、忘我的(selfless)、不誠實(shí)的(dishonest)、狡猾的(cunning)、自私的(selfish)等。 人物的個(gè)性不能一兩句話泛泛而談，必須通過具體的事情反映出來，這樣內(nèi)容就會(huì)充實(shí)，才令人信服。常用的方法是通過一件事情反映一個(gè)人的特點(diǎn)；也可以列舉幾個(gè)事例反映一個(gè)人的一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)。 通過一件事反映一個(gè)人的特點(diǎn)，以作文題“Our Monitor”為例： (1) Our monitors name is Linda. (2) She is very kind and helpful. (3)1 0nce caught a bad cold

13、and got a high fever. (4) The doctor told me to stay in bed for several days before I fully recovered. (5)I missed the lessons on Chinese, math and English, and l was having a lot of trouble. (6) When l was worried about my studies, Linda came to see me and brought her lesson notes to me. (7) She he

14、lped me to deal with the missed lessons.(8) With her help,I managed to catch up. (9) Linda is really a good monitor! 該短文通過作者由于生病缺課，得到班長幫助一事，反映了班長樂于助人的良好品質(zhì)。短文由三個(gè)部分組成。第一部分(PI)介紹人物，確定主題；第二部分(P)具體描寫人物，交代事件的過程；第三部分(P)重復(fù)第一部分的主題思想，起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。寫作套路1： PI S(1)介紹人物 S(2)確定主題，表明作者對(duì)人物的看法 P S(3)事件的背景 S(4)細(xì)節(jié)說明1 S(5)細(xì)節(jié)說明

15、2 S(6)人物的行為 S(7)細(xì)節(jié)說明1 S(8)細(xì)節(jié)說明2 P S(9)重復(fù)作者對(duì)人物的看法 列舉幾個(gè)事例反映一個(gè)人的特點(diǎn)，以作文題“My Mother”為例： (1) My mother is a teacher at a secondary school. (2) She is a kind woman and busy with her work. (3) As a teacher, she loves her students. (4) If they have any difficulty with their studies, she will help them patien

16、tly. (5) She is never tired of answering their questions. (6) As a mother, she takes good care of me. (7) Every morning she is always the first to get up and prepares breakfast for me. (8) When I am in trouble, she tries to cheer me up and says its not the end of the world. (9) My mother seems to be

17、 busy all the year round. (10) She goes to work in the morning and comes home late in the afternoon. (11) Then she does all the housework and puts everything in order. (12) She is praised and respected by everyone. 文章由三部分組成。第一、二句為第一部分，介紹人物并且確定主題思想。第二部分列舉了三個(gè)事例說明媽媽的特點(diǎn)(She is a kind woman and busy with

18、 her work.)：作為教師熱愛學(xué)生，作為母親關(guān)心我，以及一年到頭忙忙碌碌。最后部分是作者對(duì)媽媽的評(píng)價(jià)，與主題思想首尾相顧。這種方法也可用來描寫一個(gè)人身上的多種特點(diǎn)，每個(gè)事例針對(duì)一個(gè)特點(diǎn)加以說明，給讀者留下一個(gè)比較鮮明、有血有肉的形象。寫作套路2： PI S(1)介紹人物 S(2)確定主題，表明作者對(duì)人物的看法 P S(3)事例I S(4)細(xì)節(jié)說明1 S(5)細(xì)節(jié)說明2 S(6)事例 S(7)細(xì)節(jié)說明l S(8)細(xì)節(jié)說明2 S(9)事例 S(10)細(xì)節(jié)說明1 S(11)細(xì)節(jié)說明2 P S(12)作者的評(píng)價(jià) 在寫人的時(shí)候可以采用以上兩種套路。它們的最大特點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密、安排合理、層次清楚，內(nèi)容

19、豐富、語句連貫、容易操作。二、敘事 這類作文要求考生敘述生活中有意義的或者印象深刻的一件事情。寫作應(yīng)以空間順序或者時(shí)間順序?yàn)榛揪€索展開。這些表示空間或者時(shí)間的詞語都是理順文章條理的信號(hào)詞，要特別注意。 使用空間順序法敘事，以作文題“A Visit to Nanpu Bridge”為例； (1) Last week we visited Nanpu Bridge over the Huangpu River. (2) Its a great destination for visitors because of all the attractions. (3) In the blue sky

20、above the bridge,I saw little white clouds and flying birds. (4) They enjoyed freedom high up in the sky. (5) On the bridge,I saw a lot of cars and trucks. (6) The traffic was moving steadily and without difficulty. (7) The highlight of the trip came when we walked across the bridge and looked down

21、at the Huangpu River. (8) From there we got a wonderful view of Shanghai along the river. (9) The river ran through the city and was sparkling in the sun. (10) Many ships were passing under the bridge. (11) This visit was really impressive! 這篇文章按照從上到下的空間順序進(jìn)行敘述。方位詞語“above the bridge, on the bridge, a

22、cross the bridge, under the bridge”的運(yùn)用，使得文章的條理十分清晰。文章從第7句開始敘述游覽最精彩的部分，所以相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)就更加充實(shí)。寫作套路4： PI S(1)介紹人物、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn) S(2)確走主題，表明作者對(duì)事件的態(tài)度 P S(3)位置I S(4)細(xì)節(jié) S(5)位置 S(6)細(xì)節(jié) S(7)位置 S(8)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(9)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(10)細(xì)節(jié)3 P S(ll)作者的評(píng)價(jià) 使用時(shí)間順序法敘事，以作文題“What a Day!”為例： (1) Yesterday we had a math exam and I had the worst sort of luck.

23、 (2)I had prepared my lessons well the night before and didnt go to bed until 12 oclock. (3)I didnt forget to set the alarm clock and hoped it would call me at half past six m the morning. (4) But when l woke up the next morning, it was already seven. (5)I immediately put on my clothes and rushed to

24、 the bus stop. (6)Luckily,it didnt take me long to get on the bus. (7)Shortly after l got on the bus,I found I got on the wrong one. (8) So I got off and took a taxi to the school. (9) It never rains but it pours. (10) When I hurried into the classroom, to my surprise,I found I had left my schoolbag

25、 on the taxi. (11) What a day! 文章按照時(shí)間順序展開。第一句交代了事件背景和文章主題(I had the worst sort of luck.)。敘述從考試前一天晚上開始，一直到作者沖進(jìn)教室后發(fā)現(xiàn)忘了拿書包時(shí)結(jié)束，生動(dòng)描寫了作者運(yùn)氣壞透了的一天。時(shí)間詞語的運(yùn)用，使得文章的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)非常清晰，敘述非常流暢。寫作套路5： PI S(1)介紹背景和主題 P S(2)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)I S(3)細(xì)節(jié) S(4)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn) S(5)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(6)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(7)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn) S(8)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(9)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(10)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn) P S(ll)作者的評(píng)價(jià)說明文 說明文是對(duì)事物進(jìn)行解釋和介紹的

26、一種文章體裁，目的是使人們對(duì)所說明的事物有一個(gè)清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解。說明性是說明文的基本特征。說明時(shí)要有條理，可以采用時(shí)間順序法，也可以采用列舉法，以列舉具體的事例進(jìn)行說明?？茖W(xué)性和客觀性是說明文的另一文體特征，文章一般不帶感情色彩。 使用列舉法說明，以作文題“How to Cross the Road Safely”為例： (1) When we cross the road, we must be very careful and do the following. (2) First, we must stop and find a safe place to cross. (3) We c

27、an use a zebra crossing because it gives us the right to cross before cars, buses and trucks. (4) Once we have found a suitable place, we must look both ways. (5) We must look left first, then right, then left again. (6) Or we can look at traffic lights. (7)A red light means we must stop while a gre

28、en light means go. (8) We must not cross the road when the traffic light is red. (9) It is dangerous. (10) When it is safe, we can walk straight across but keep looking and listening. (11) We must do this in case a car appearssuddenly. (12) If we keep these points in mind, we can cross the road safe

29、ly. 文章的第一部分明確主題。第二部分逐一介紹安全過馬路的四個(gè)要點(diǎn)，每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)后面都有細(xì)節(jié)支撐，做進(jìn)一步的說明。最后部分重復(fù)主題思想，起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。寫作套路6： PI S(1)明確主題 PII S(2)要點(diǎn)I S(3)細(xì)節(jié) S(4)要點(diǎn) S(5)細(xì)節(jié) S(6)要點(diǎn) S(7)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(8)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(9)細(xì)節(jié)3 S(10)要點(diǎn) S(11)細(xì)節(jié) P S(12)重復(fù)主題議論文 議論文通過擺事實(shí)、講道理來說明自己的觀點(diǎn)和見解，目的是影響和說服讀者。與說明文不同，議論文有著很強(qiáng)的主觀性。 在議論文中，作者首先表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，即論點(diǎn)；然后提出可信的依據(jù)，即論據(jù)來證明自己的觀點(diǎn)；最后，作者對(duì)所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行

30、歸納，得出結(jié)論。 寫議論文可以使用列舉法和比較對(duì)照法。 使用列舉法議論，以作文題“Early Rising”為例： (1) Early rising is good for us in many ways. (2) First, it helps to keep us fit. (3) The air in the morning is fresh and healthy. (4) If we are early risers, we can get rid of stale air and breathe fresh air. (5) Second, early rising helps u

31、s to plan our work for the day. (6) Every morning we decide what we should do and arrange everything. (7) We cannot work well without a good plan. (8) Third, early rising helps us in our studies. (9) Mornings are the most productive time. (10) In the morning, we learn more quickly and we find it eas

32、ier to remember what we learn. (11) Fourth, if we rise early, we actually have time for breakfast. (12) We all know that breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day. (13) Without breakfast, were so hungry until lunch time and cannot focus on our studies. (14) In a word, early rising is a

33、 healthy lifestyle. 本文采用了列舉法。第一句表明論點(diǎn)，后面各句通過“first, second, third”等詞語逐一列出令人信服的論據(jù)。每一個(gè)層面都是先有一個(gè)主題句，然后再添加相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。這樣，條理比較清晰，內(nèi)容也比較充分。 寫作套路7： PI S(1)提出論點(diǎn) PII S(2)論據(jù)I S(3)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(4)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(5)論據(jù) S(6)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(7)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(8)論據(jù) S(9)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(10)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(11)論據(jù) S(12)細(xì)節(jié)l S(13)細(xì)節(jié)2 P S(14)結(jié)論 此類體裁的文章也可以不使用“first, second, third”等表示列舉的詞語。只要

34、文章條理清晰、層次分明就可以了。 以作文題“My Favorite Season為例： (1)I love summer! (2) Its so much nicer than other seasons. (3)I love summer because I can go to the countryside for a holiday and have a happy time. (4)I love the hotair and the feeling of the sun on my face, (5)I enjoy wearing less, and I love to get a n

35、icetan! (6)I love the smell of flowers and fresh grass and the songs of birds in the mornin_g.(7)I also love to swim and catch fish in rivers and go into the curious insect world. (8)Ilike to catch grasshoppers and run after butterflies flying from flower to floweT. (9)I findendless pleasure in this

36、 season! 本文也采用了列舉法。文章的第一句表明作者的觀點(diǎn)。第二句給予進(jìn)一步的說明，也可以省略。第三句提出論據(jù)，后面的句子列舉與論據(jù)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。最后一句進(jìn)行歸納，作者對(duì)夏天的喜愛溢于言表。寫作套路8： PI S(1)提出論點(diǎn) S(2)進(jìn)一步說明 PII S(3)提出論據(jù) S(4)細(xì)節(jié)1 S(5)細(xì)節(jié)2 S(6)細(xì)節(jié)3 S(7)細(xì)節(jié)4 S(8)細(xì)節(jié)5 P S(9)結(jié)論 使用比較對(duì)照法議論，以作文題“Studying Abroad”為例： (1) Studying abroad has both advantages and disadvantages. (2) One of the adv

37、antages is that we can study and research in good schools. (3) Second, we can travel widely, and there is no better time to spread our wings and experience a new culture in a new world. (4) Third, we can use English in our daily life and improve our language skills. (5) But studying abroad does have

38、 some disadvantages. (6) One problem is that we will have difficulty in adapting to a new culture. (7) Another problem is the loneliness and homesickness because we will miss our parents and friends. (8) Furthermore, the cost of studying abroad is much higher than that in the home country. (9) To su

39、m up, given an opportunity to study abroad, we must look at it from both sides before making the decision 這篇文章以比較對(duì)照法展開。第一句表明主題。第二句至第四句講的是出國的好處，第五句至第八句講的則是出國的壞處。最后一句明確表達(dá)作者本人的觀點(diǎn)。 寫作套路9： PI S(1)提出論點(diǎn) P S(2)好處（論據(jù)）1 S(3)好處（論據(jù)）2 S(4)好處（論據(jù)）3 S(5)轉(zhuǎn)折過渡 S(6)壞處（論據(jù)）1 S(7)壞處（論據(jù)）2 S(8)壞處（論據(jù)）3 P S(9)結(jié)論應(yīng)用文 應(yīng)用文是人們?cè)谌粘?/p>

40、生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作中常用的一種文體，有較為固定的模式。初中所學(xué)的應(yīng)用文主要有書信（電子郵件）、日記、便條和通知等四種。寫作時(shí)可以采用記敘文、說明文或議論文的套路。 一、書信（電子郵件） 英文書信一般由四個(gè)部分組成。 1信頭 信頭指發(fā)信人的地址和發(fā)信日期，一般寫在信紙的右上角。先寫發(fā)信地址，順序是由小到大。發(fā)信日期接在她址的下一行寫，為單獨(dú)一行。日期普遍的寫法是：月、日、年（日和年之間要有逗號(hào)隔開），例如July 8，2011。如果信是寫給熟悉的人，往往只寫日期。 2稱呼 左起頂格寫，獨(dú)立成行，末尾用逗號(hào)。英文稱呼的寫法根據(jù)寫信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系而定。最常見的是“Dear+頭銜+姓”或者“Dea

41、r+名”，例如Dear Professor Smith，DearMr. Wei，Dear David等。如果是家庭成員或者是好朋友，一般用“My Dear+名”或者直呼其名，例如My Dear Helen，Russ等。如果不清楚收信人的性別，可以稱Dear Sir or Madam。 3正文 正文從稱呼的下一行開始寫，每一段的第一行往右縮進(jìn)五個(gè)字母。正文可以先用一兩句話說明寫信的目的，然后再談具體事情。如果正文的內(nèi)容不多，也可以一段寫完。 4結(jié)束語 結(jié)束語要自成一段，表達(dá)寫信人對(duì)收信人的良好祝愿或期盼。結(jié)束語的內(nèi)容要和正文的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。常用的結(jié)束語如下： Best wishes With be

42、st regards. Thank you. Please take care. Please remember me to Tom. Write soon. I hope to hear from you soon. Im looking forward to meeting you. 5結(jié)尾謙稱和署名 結(jié)尾謙稱指結(jié)尾的客套話，單獨(dú)成行，從與正文有兩三行距離的中間偏右的地方開始。第一個(gè)單詞的首字母要大寫，末尾用逗號(hào)。結(jié)束語一般用“Yours+副詞”構(gòu)成。注意，不要把Yours寫成Your。結(jié)束語可根據(jù)寫信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系有所不同。下面是一些常用的寫法： 1)寫給親屬或密友：Yours，A

43、lways yours，Yours everLove，With love，Your loving daughter，Sincerely 2)寫給上級(jí)或長者：Yours respectfully，Yours gratefully. 3)寫給關(guān)系一般的人：Yours truly，Yours sincerely. 署名低于結(jié)尾謙稱一行，從縮后于結(jié)尾謙稱一半的地方寫起。出于禮貌和負(fù)責(zé)的原因，即使信件是打印稿，寫信人都要親筆署名。 書信范例： 假如你是David，想加入一個(gè)俱樂部使你周日的閑暇時(shí)間過得愉快。寫一封信給俱樂部負(fù)責(zé)人，介紹你的愛好和興趣并希望了解有關(guān)規(guī)定。 86 Zaoyang Road S

44、hanghai， PRChina July 18，2011Dear Sir or Madam， I am writing to ask to join your club. My name js David. I have many hobbies and interests.I like music and photography. I like collecting stamps, planting flowers and climbing mountains. Painting is also something that I really enjoy doing. Im busy wi

45、th my work, but I can keep my Sundays free.1 want to be a member of your club and enjoy my free time. Would you please let me know your requirements? Im looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， David寫作套路10: 86 Zaoyang Road Shanghai, P. R. China July 18, 2011 (信頭)Dear .，（稱呼） I am glad to . . /

46、I am writing to . /Thank you very much for . . /How are things going?/ How are you getting on?/l havent heard from you for a long time._（正文） Im looking forward to your reply. /With best regards!（結(jié)束語） Yours sincerely，（結(jié)尾謙稱） David（署名）二、通知 通知分為口頭通知和布告通知兩種?？陬^通知的措辭比較通俗，具有感情色彩。布告通知的措辭可以正式一些。其正文上方的中間位置寫上“N

47、otice”作為標(biāo)志，右下角寫明通知發(fā)放單位的名稱，下一行寫明通知發(fā)放的日期。不管是哪一類通知，正文部分都要寫清楚時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、對(duì)象和要求。概括性的內(nèi)容可以用一句話放在前面，然后再提供細(xì)節(jié)。通知的時(shí)態(tài)多使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)?？陬^通知范例：May I have your attention, please?I have an announcement to make.Professor Li from Shanghai University will give us a lecture on environmental protection. All the students of J

48、unior Grade 3 are asked to attend it.The lecture will be held in our new lecture theater at 2:30 0n Friday afternoon. We should listen carefully and take notes. After the lecture, we will have a discussion and write a report on the subject. Please get there on time. Thats all. Thank you!寫作套路13:May I

49、 have your attention, please?I have an announcement to make._ Please get there on time. Thats all. Thank you!布告通知范例： NoticeThere is an interesting film on at our school cinema. The title of the film is Harry Porter. It starts at seven oclock this evening and lasts about two hours. This film is about

50、 a clever and brave boy who dares to fight against powerful enemies. His Z-shaped scar and magic stick will bring you into a wonderful world. All students of the school are welcome. The Students Union May 24, 2011寫作套路14: NoticeThere is an interesting film on at our school cinema._ The StudentsUnion

51、May 24, 2011三、發(fā)言稿 發(fā)言稿是參加會(huì)議者為了在會(huì)議或重要活動(dòng)上表達(dá)自己的意見、看法或匯報(bào)思想、工作情況而事先準(zhǔn)備好的文稿。它可以用來交流思想、感情,表達(dá)主張、見解;也可以用來介紹自 己的學(xué)習(xí)、工作情況和經(jīng)驗(yàn)等。發(fā)言稿可以分為演講稿、倡議書、歡迎辭、歡送辭等形式,考試中常見的為演講稿和倡議書。 發(fā)言稿具有宣傳、鼓動(dòng)、教育和欣賞等作用，它可以把演講者的觀點(diǎn)、主張與思想感情傳達(dá)給聽眾以及讀者，使他們信服并在感情上產(chǎn)生共鳴.。發(fā)言稿范例：Boys and girls,Good morning. I am Li Lei. Thank you for giving me the opport

52、unity to make a speech here. The topic of my speech is “How to keep healthy”. In my opinion, as middle school students, keeping healthy is important. First, we should do more exercise such as playing ball games, running, swimming and jumping rope. Then, wed better pay attention to our diet. Dont eat

53、 too much meat and sugar but more vegetables and fruit. And keep enough sleep is also important. Whats more, we should keep ourselves happy. As people often say, “Smiling makes people younger.”I hope I have made myself understood. Thank you for your listening. 寫作套路15:Boys and girls/Ladies and gentle

54、men,Good morning/afternoon/evening. I am _ (自我介紹）It is a great honor for me to make a speech on _.(演講題目)/ Thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a speech here. The topic of my speech is_. (演講題目）In my opinion, as_，_is important. First, we should_.(做法一 Then，we d better _.(做法 二 What s more,_.

55、(做法三.I hope I have made myself understood. Thank you for your listening.倡議書范例：Dear schoolmates,It is known to us all that the world is having problems with money. Its not easy for our parents to make money. Let，s do something to help them.As students, we should try our best to save money. First, we

56、had better ride a bike to school rather than take a taxi. Second, we should bring lunch to school instead of buying food. Third, we hope that everyone wears clean school uniform rather than expensive clothes. Fourth, we should drink water as much as possible instead of soft drinks. In sum, we should

57、 save more money for our parents.Students Union寫作套路16: Dear schoolmates,It is known to us all that_. Lets do something to_.(倡議內(nèi)容）As students, we should_. First, we had better_. (做法一) Second, we should _. (做法二）Third，we hope that_(做法三 Fourth, we should _.做法四In sum, we should do much more things, so th

58、at_.(結(jié)果）_(落款)調(diào)查報(bào)告調(diào)查報(bào)告是針對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象、某一事件或某一問題進(jìn)行深 入細(xì)致的調(diào)查,對(duì)獲得的材料進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)本質(zhì) 特征和基本規(guī)律之后寫成的書面報(bào)告。調(diào)查報(bào)告是寫給別人看的，所以在寫時(shí)應(yīng)該寫明調(diào)查的原因、調(diào)查過程、調(diào)查結(jié)果以及所得出的結(jié)論。一般寫調(diào)查報(bào)告 可以遵循以下步驟：第一步:根據(jù)題目中所給的現(xiàn)象和問題做客觀的介紹；第二步:分析數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí)所反映的問題；第三步：闡述作者個(gè)人的看法和建議。調(diào)查報(bào)告范例：The health of the students is getting worse and worse. Here are the results of a surve

59、y from a middle school in 2010 and 2014.In 2010, 46% of the students were short-sighted, but in 2014，the percentage is 74%. In 2010，nearly 36% of the students stayed up late, but in 2014，the number rises to 67%. This is because they are in Junior Three, so they have lots of homework to do.I think st

60、udents should get less homework and do more exercise. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and become healthier. 寫作套路17: The _(主題）of the students is getting _. Here are the results of a survey from a middle school in 2010 and 2014.In 2010, _ (比例)of the students were _，but in 2014，the pe