心理學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、心理現(xiàn)象mentalphenomenon心理過程mentalprocess心理狀態(tài)mentalstate心理活動mentalactivity意識consciousness心理維度psychologicaldimension心理運動psychomotor內(nèi)部活動internalactivity普通心理學(xué)generalpsychology實驗心理學(xué)experimentalpsychology行為科學(xué)behavioralscience心身關(guān)系mind-bodyrelation心理機能定位localizationofmentalfunction心理能動性mentalactivism外周論periphe

2、ralism先天理論nativistictheory強調(diào)遺傳素質(zhì)決定人心理的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展。遺傳heredity目的論teleology認(rèn)為生物和人類的活動受一定目的的引導(dǎo)?；顒觓ctivity活動理論activitytheory認(rèn)知心理學(xué)cognitivepsychology認(rèn)知cognition相對于情感、意志等心理過程的所有認(rèn)識過程的總稱。包括知覺、注意、表象、學(xué)習(xí)記憶、問題解決、思維和言語等心理過程。認(rèn)知過程cognitiveprocess認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)cognitivestructure元認(rèn)知metacognition認(rèn)知失調(diào)cognitivedissonance認(rèn)知地圖cognitivema

3、p認(rèn)知技能cognitiveskill認(rèn)知方式cognitivestyle信息information信息論informationtheory信息加工informationprocessing信息加工心理學(xué)informationprocessingpsychology信息加工理論informationprocessingtheory信息加工模型informationprocessingmodel中央處理器模型centralprocessormodel信息儲存informationstorage信息提取informationretrieval人工智能artificialintelligence,A

4、I計算機類比computeranalogy計算機模擬computersimulation計算機模型computermodel唯心主義心理學(xué)idealisticpsychology意動心理學(xué)actpsychology唯意志論voluntarism唯靈論spiritualism強調(diào)超自然精神作用。心靈學(xué)parapsychology心靈決定論psychicdeterminism心靈致動psychokinesis,PK心理技術(shù)學(xué)psychotechnics內(nèi)省introspection內(nèi)省法introspectivemethod直覺主義intuitionalism條件反射conditionedrefl

5、ex,CR非條件反射unconditionedreflex經(jīng)典性條件作用classicalconditioning工具性條件作用instrumentalconditioning操作性條件作用operantconditioning操作主義operationalism操作性定義operationaldefinition斯金納箱Skinnerbox迷箱puzzlebox強化reinforcement二級強化secondaryreinforcement強化理論reinforcementtheory反饋feedback生物反饋biofeedback次級控制secondarycontrol皮膚電傳導(dǎo)ski

6、nconductance皮膚電反應(yīng)galvanicskinresponse測謊器liedetector心理物理學(xué)psychophysics心理物理學(xué)方法psychophysicalmethod評定量表法ratingscalemethod閾限threshold,limen刺激閾限stimulusthreshold絕對感受性absolutesensitivity絕對閾限absolutethreshold差別感受性differentialsensitivity差別閾限differentialthreshold最小可覺差justnoticeabledifference,J.N.D極限法limitmet

7、hod下限lowerlimit差別閾限法differentiallimenmethod上差別閾upperdifferencethreshold下差別閾lowerdifferencethreshold調(diào)整法methodofadjustment不確定間距intervalofuncertainty恒定刺激法methodofconstantstimulus次數(shù)法frequencymethod等距法methodofequalinterval最小變化法methodofminimalchange遞增系列ascendingseries遞減系列descendingseries預(yù)期誤差anticipationer

8、ror等級法rankingmethod數(shù)值評估法methodofmagnitudeestimation分段法fractionationmethod誤差error平均誤差法methodofaverageerror恒定誤差constanterror偶然誤差accidentalerror主觀相等點pointofsubjectiveequality,PSE正誤法methodofrightandwrongcases二分法methodofdichotomicclassification雙重分離doubledissociation消除法methodofelimination階梯法staircasemetho

9、d對偶比較法methodofpairedcomparison單一刺激法methodofsinglestimulus費希納定律Fechnerslaw韋伯分?jǐn)?shù)Weberfraction韋伯比例Weberratio韋伯定律Weberslaw韋伯-費希納定律Weber-Fechnerlaw冪函數(shù)定律powerfunctionlaw史蒂文斯定律Stevenslaw對數(shù)定律logarithmiclaw刺激變量stimulusvariable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激standardstimulus近端刺激proximalstimulus等距變量equalintervalvariable順序變量ordinalvariable

10、反應(yīng)變量responsevariable被試變量subjectvariable反應(yīng)response反應(yīng)偏向responsebias自然實驗naturalexperiment開窗實驗experimentofopenwindow雙盲實驗doubleblindexperiment準(zhǔn)實驗quasi-experiment實驗設(shè)計experimentaldesign實驗組experimentalgroup,EG控制組controlgroup,CG又稱“對照組”?？刂芻ontrol控制變量controlledvariable獨立組設(shè)計independentgroupdesign組內(nèi)設(shè)計within-grou

11、pdesign組間設(shè)計between-groupdesign匹配組設(shè)計matched-groupdesign拉丁方設(shè)計Latinsquaredesign隨機組設(shè)計randomgroupdesign混合設(shè)計mixeddesign反應(yīng)時reactiontime,RT簡單反應(yīng)時simplereactiontime選擇反應(yīng)時choicereactiontime選擇時間selectiontime辨別反應(yīng)時discriminativereactiontime迫選法forced-choicemethod口頭報告verbalreport自我觀察self-observation觀察法observationalm

12、ethod模擬法simulationmethod印象法impressionmethod傳記法biographicalmethod訪談法interviewmethod問卷法questionnaire表情法methodofexpression有無法yes-nomethod提示法anticipationmethod抽象分析法methodofabstractanalysis信號檢測理論signaldetectiontheory信號檢測signaldetection信號噪聲分配signal-to-noisedistribution似然比likelihoodratio內(nèi)部噪聲internalnoise正確

13、否定correctrejection擊中hit肯定判斷affirmativejudgement虛報falsealarm接受者操作特征曲線receiveroperatingcharacteristiccurve,ROCcurve等感受性曲線isosensitivitycurve感覺sensation感覺道sensemodality跨通道匹配cross-modalitymatching感覺運動sensorimotor感覺適應(yīng)sensoryadaptation感覺剝奪sensorydeprivation感覺閾限sensorylimen感覺屬性attributeofsensation感覺器官相互作用i

14、nteractionofsenseorgans感官特殊能量說lawofspecificsenseenergy特殊神經(jīng)能量specificnerveenergy特異說theoryofidiosyncrasy視覺vision瞳孔pupil人工瞳孔artificialpupil視網(wǎng)膜retina物體大小objectsize網(wǎng)象大小retinalsize視網(wǎng)膜對稱點correspondingretinalpoints兩個視網(wǎng)膜重疊起來彼此重合的點。注視點fixationpoint視角visualangle視野visualfield視野計perimeter中央視覺centralvision中央窩視覺fo

15、vealvision用眼睛中央窩的視網(wǎng)膜區(qū)注視物體所產(chǎn)生的視覺。周邊視覺peripheralvision盲點blindspot中心盲centralscotoma可見光visiblelight強度intensity照度illuminance視網(wǎng)膜照度retinalilluminance明度brightness明度對比brightnesscontrast亮度luminance視見函數(shù)luminosityfunction又稱“光亮度函數(shù)”。亮度對比luminancecontrast亮暗比light-darkratio視覺閾限visualthreshold能見度visibility能見度曲線visib

16、ilitycurve等能光譜equalenergyspectrum光譜光效率曲線spectralluminousefficiencycurve明視覺photopicvision暗視覺scotopicvision視覺適應(yīng)visualadaptation明適應(yīng)brightadaptation暗適應(yīng)darkadaptation暗適應(yīng)曲線darkadaptationcurve馬赫帶Machband對比contrast同時對比simultaneouscontrast浦肯野現(xiàn)象Purkinjephenomenon顏色視覺colorvision顏色color彩色chromaticcolor非彩色achrom

17、aticcolor光譜色spectralcolor基色fundamentalcolor補色complementarycolor原色primarycolor三原色threeprimarycolors三色視覺trichromatism表面色surfacecolor立體色bulkycolor又稱“膨脹色”。容量色volumecolor飽和度saturation顏色飽和度colorsaturation色度chromaticity色度圖chromaticitydiagram色區(qū)colorzone色溫colortemperature色誤差chromaticerror顯色指數(shù)color-renderingi

18、ndex單色儀monochromator產(chǎn)生單一顏色光的儀器。色環(huán)colorcircle色輪colorwheel色表系colorappearancesystem顏色方程colorequation顏色立體colorsolid芒塞爾顏色立體Munsellcolorsolid顏色四方形colorsquare顏色三角colortriangle顏色愛好colorpreference顏色寬容度colortolerance顏色適應(yīng)chromaticadaptation顏色匹配colormatching同色異譜匹配metamericmatching顏色對比colorcontrast顏色混合colormixtu

19、re雙眼混色binocularcolormixture加色混合additivecolormixture減色混合subtractivecolormixture顏色混合律lawofcolormixture補色律lawofcomplementarycolor中間色律lawofintermediarycolor代替律lawofsubstitution色誘導(dǎo)colorinduction誘導(dǎo)色inducedcolor二色視覺dichromaticvision斯特魯普效應(yīng)Stroopeffect亥姆霍茨視覺說Helmholtzstheoryofvision黑林視覺說Heringstheoryofvision視覺雙重說duplicitytheoryofvision又稱“雙視覺理論”。階段說stagetheory發(fā)生說genetictheory色弱colorweakness紅色弱redweakness色盲colorblindness紅色盲redblindness綠色盲deuteranopia又稱“乙型色盲”。紅綠色盲red-greenblindness,protanopia又稱“甲型色盲”。全色盲monochromatism又稱“單色視覺”。藍(lán)色盲tritanop