人教版初二英語下冊(cè)三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、英語初二第二課 Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived教學(xué)目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能熟練掌握第三單元的單詞以及重點(diǎn)短語，能夠靈活使用本單元的交際用語，掌握基本語法：when, while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句以及過去進(jìn)行時(shí)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： eq oac(,1)重點(diǎn)單詞 eq oac(,2)重點(diǎn)短語 eq oac(,3)交際用語 eq oac(,4)when, while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 eq oac(,5)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： eq oac(,1) when, while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 eq oac(,2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)教學(xué)過程：帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生通讀這兩個(gè)單元的

2、重點(diǎn)單詞，糾正其發(fā)音，確保發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確。講解關(guān)于UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) 不明飛行物的背景知識(shí)圖片譯文：So, what were you doing when the UFO arrived 那么，飛碟來的時(shí)候你正在做什么？ Well, I was standing in front of the library. 哦，我正站在圖書館前面。 So, what were you doing when the UFO arrived 這是一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語的主從復(fù)合句，主句為what were you doing ，它是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問句。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過

3、去某一個(gè)時(shí)刻或某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，由“主語+be ( was/were) + v.-ing形式”構(gòu)成。 現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞work 為例，其肯定式、否定式和疑問式如下：肯定式：I/ He/ She/ It was working. We/ You/ They were working.否定式：I/ He/ She/ It was not working. We/ You/ They were not working.疑問式和簡(jiǎn)略回答： Was I working Were you working Was he/ she/ it working Yes, you were. Yes, I was

4、. Yes, he/ she/ it was. No, you were not. No, I wasnt .No, he/ she/ it wasnt. Were we/ you/ they working.Yes, you/ we/ they were.No, you/ we/ they werent.表示過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday evening, from eight to twelve yesterday以及when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Eg：It was raining

5、at 6 oclock this morning. What were you doing this time last night He was sleeping late when the UFO arrived.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，較短的動(dòng)作可用一般過去時(shí)，而較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。Eg：Mum was talking with her friends when Sue entered the room.練習(xí)： 1. The boy _ his work when his mother _ into the room. A. is doing, went B. was doin

6、g, go C.was doing, went D. is doing, go 2. _ you _ TV from 7 to 9 last night A. Do, watch B. Did, watch C. Were, watching D. Were, watch 3.-I called you yesterday evening, but there were no answer. - Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 答案：C C CWhen

7、 the UFO arrived 中的 when 是連詞，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，她引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示時(shí)間，說明一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。The students were having an English class when the visitors came in.When也可以表示正在進(jìn)行某動(dòng)作時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。When I was cleaning the classroom, my keys dropped on the floor.When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句也可以放在句首，但要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。When I got home, my mother was c

8、ooking.When作疑問副詞，表示“什么時(shí)候，何時(shí)”。When were you born辨析：when, while ,as When和while用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句可表示某一段時(shí)間，也可表示某一時(shí)刻，從句中的謂語東西可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是短暫性的；while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示一段時(shí)間，偏重狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的過程，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為表示狀態(tài)或延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，從句中多用進(jìn)行時(shí)；as強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，一般動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)。Eg：When they heard the good news, they jumped with joy. When/ While she

9、was having lunch, the door bell rang. =When the door bell rang, she was having lunch. The students sing as they go along.練習(xí)： Mother was coking _ father was watching TV.while B. when C. as D. for 答案：C 解析：in front of 在的前面，指在這一事物的前面，反義詞為：behind in the front of 在的前面，是指在這一事物內(nèi)部的前面，反義詞組是：at the back of 在的后

10、部（4）Isnt that amazing! 難道那不令人驚訝嗎！ 此為否定疑問句，注意其肯定句和否定句的含義： Didnt he come here 難道他沒來這兒?jiǎn)幔?Yes, he did. 不，他來了。 No, he didnt. 是的，他沒來。辨析：amazing “驚人的，了不起的”，大多用語褒義，不用于修飾人 amazed 多修飾人，常用于be amazed by/ at amaze v. 使大為驚訝，比surprise 更具意外性（5）What was the girl doing when the UFO took off Take off “起飛”，此外還有“脫下（衣、帽、

11、鞋等），取下（眼鏡、戒指等）”之意。（6）Before the police arrived, the alien left the shop and then visited the Museum of Flight. Arrive作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞大體上按到達(dá)地點(diǎn)的大小來決定。At后接較小的場(chǎng)所（如鎮(zhèn)、家、店等），in后接較大的地方（如國(guó)家、大都市等）。Eg：It took me a long time to reach/ arrive at/ get to the station.get后面接副詞時(shí)，要省to,如：get home, get here(7)The dog got o

12、ut of this box and ran away. get out of 從中出來 上下車的英文表達(dá)法：get off/ on a train (bus, boat, plane, horse) Get out of/ in a taxi (car )練習(xí)：A. I get on well _ my neighbours.We just got back _ our holidays.Ill have to get _ early tomorrow morning.When will the bus get _ the stop答案： with from up to (8) What h

13、appened while Linda was on the telephone 琳達(dá)打電話時(shí)，發(fā)生了什么事？ 辨析： take place 與 happen Happen表示“發(fā)生，碰巧”，指事情意外或偶然地發(fā)生 Do you know what happened yesterday evening in Jims home 作“碰巧”講時(shí)，其主語可以是人。常用詞組happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 He happened to be out when I called him. Happen后除接動(dòng)詞不定式外，還可接名詞或代詞。Happen to sb.某人發(fā)生了某事 No ma

14、tter what happens to you, Ill help you. Take place表示“發(fā)生，舉行”，一般指事情的發(fā)生有某種原因或事先有安排 The Olympic Games in 2012 will take place in London.(9) She didnt think about looking outside the station. 辨析：think about 考慮，思考 think of 考慮；想起，記得 Dont think of/ about me any more. We are thinking about/ of buying a new c

15、ar. think over 仔細(xì)考慮 think hard 苦苦思考（強(qiáng)調(diào)過程艱難）（10）While she was talking on the telephone, Davy met another dog outside the station. Another 作形容詞時(shí)，后一般接可數(shù)名詞，用來指三者或三者以上的“另一個(gè)”。 Please nave another cup of tea. 與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“又，再，還”。 Hell stay at home for another two weeks. 作代詞，指不定數(shù)目中的“另一個(gè)” This glass is br

16、oken. Give me another. 辨析：one the other 兩樣中的“另一個(gè)” I have two dresses. One is red and the other is white. Others 和some 對(duì)比使用時(shí)，表“有些”，而不是“其他”。 Some cleaned the windows, others wiped the floor. The others “其余的”，表示在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的其他全部 This dictionary is better than the others. The other 是指其中的“另一個(gè)”。 Give me the oth

17、er one, not this one. Unit 3（續(xù)）Even the most everyday activities can seem important. 即使是最普通的活動(dòng)也會(huì)顯得很重要。Everyday作形容詞時(shí)，表示“每天（發(fā)生）的，普普通通的，平平常常的”，用于修飾名詞。辨析 everyday 與 every dayEvery和day 的連寫和分寫，不但意思不同，在句中的作用也不同。Everyday是一個(gè)形容詞，意為“每日的，日常的”，只作定語，即用來修飾名詞。而every day則用作狀語，意為“每天”。He likes wearing everyday clothes

18、. 他喜歡穿便服。He must get up early every day. 他每天都必須早起。Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.當(dāng)然，并非歷史上所有的事件都這樣可怕。Not all 表示“并非所有的”，這是部分否定的一種形式。不定代詞all, both, each, 或every 與 not 連用時(shí)，只表示部分否定。I dont like all the stories. 我并不喜歡所有這些故事。I dont want to buy both of the books. 這兩本輸我不想都買。注意：在否

19、定句中用and連接兩個(gè)賓語、表語、定語、狀語時(shí)，只表示部分否定，并且否定and 后面的部分；如用or 連接句中兩部分，則表示全部否定。She is not a bright and beautiful girl. 她并不是一個(gè)既聰明又漂亮的女孩。（部分否定）She is not a bright or beautiful girl. 她是一個(gè)既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩。（全部否定）練習(xí)：Not everyone here is a student. （改寫同義句） _ here _ _ a student. 解析： everyonenot = not everyone 意為“并不是每一個(gè)都”，屬于

20、部分否定，句意：這兒的人并不都是學(xué)生。People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history. 人們常常記得當(dāng)他們聽到歷史上一些重大事件的消息時(shí)他們?cè)谧鍪裁础ear是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽到，聽”，通常指聽的結(jié)果。Hear of意為“聽說，獲知”，指間接地聽到。Hear from意為“收到的來信”。Listen是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽”；listen to 意為“聽”，listen 與listen to 均強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作。I listened but I he

21、ard nothing. 我聽了，但什么也沒有聽到。辨析：hear about, hear of, hear from eq oac(,1)hear about 意為“聽說”。 I heard a lot about the pop singer before. 以前我聽說了不少關(guān)于那位流行歌手的事。 eq oac(,2)hear of 意為“聽說，得知”，該短語為動(dòng)介結(jié)構(gòu)，后面常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，表示聽到有關(guān)某事的消息或情況。Hear of 后一般不接從句，要接從句時(shí)，則不用of.They have never heard of that.I heard our Chinese t

22、eacher was ill. eq oac(,3)hear from 意為“接到的信，收到的來信”。該短語為動(dòng)詞短語，后接表示人的名詞或代詞，也可以表達(dá)為get/ receive a letter from sb.I havent heard from my aunt for long.注意：hear from 在表示“收到的來信”時(shí)，不要出現(xiàn)letter。4）Dont shout! I can hear you. 別大聲喊！我能聽見你說話。 Shout v.呼喊，呼叫 辨析：shout at 與 shout to eq oac(,1)shout at 意為“向喊/ 叫嚷/ 訓(xùn)斥”。該短語中

23、的shout為不及物動(dòng)詞，at表示方向，后接表示人的名詞或代詞。Shout at有時(shí)表示訓(xùn)斥某人，含有惡意。 He tried to talk to the men, but they shouted at him. 他設(shè)法和那些人談話，但他們卻沖他大聲嚷嚷。 eq oac(,2)shout to意為“向喊叫”，表示向某人大聲叫喊以便讓某人聽見，不過shout to 不含惡意。 He shouted to the girl and warned her of the danger. 他沖那個(gè)女孩大喊，要她注意危險(xiǎn)。感嘆句。在交談中遇到令人驚訝的事可用感嘆句。其句型有兩種： eq oac(,1) What + (冠詞) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語！ eq oac(,2) How + 形容詞/ 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的一個(gè)故事??！How interesting the story is!那個(gè)故事多么有趣啊！中考考題：Mr. Smith has bought a large house _ a swimming pool. A. in B. with C.