國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2014修訂)

1、國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2014年修訂）一、說明國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（以下簡稱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）是國家學(xué)校教育工作的基礎(chǔ)性指導(dǎo)文件和教育質(zhì)量基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是評價學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)、評估學(xué)校工作和衡量各地教育發(fā)展的重要依據(jù)，是國家體育鍛煉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在學(xué)校的具體實(shí)施，適用于全日制普通小學(xué)、初中、普通高中、中等職業(yè)學(xué)校、普通高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的修訂堅持健康第一，落實(shí)國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（2010-2020年）、國務(wù)院辦公廳轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)教育部等部門關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)學(xué)校體育工作若干意見的通知（國辦發(fā)201253號）和教育部關(guān)于印發(fā)學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康監(jiān)測評價辦法等三個文件的通知（教體藝20143號）有關(guān)要求，著重提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用的信度、效

2、度和區(qū)分度，著重強(qiáng)化其教育激勵、反饋調(diào)整和引導(dǎo)鍛煉的功能，著重提高其教育監(jiān)測和績效評價的支撐能力。4.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將適用對象劃分為以下組別：小學(xué)、初中、高中按每個年級為一組，其中小學(xué)為6組、初中為3組、高中為3組大學(xué)一、二年級為一組，三、四年級為一組。5小學(xué)、初中、高中、大學(xué)各組別的測試指標(biāo)均為必測指標(biāo)。其中，身體形態(tài)類中的身高、體重，身體機(jī)能類中的肺活量，以及身體素質(zhì)類中的50米跑、坐位體前屈為各年級學(xué)生共性指標(biāo)。6.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)年總分由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分與附加分之和構(gòu)成，滿分為120分。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分由各單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)得分與權(quán)重乘積之和組成，滿分為100分。附加分根據(jù)實(shí)測成績確定，即對成績超過100分的加分指標(biāo)進(jìn)行加分，滿

3、分為20分；小學(xué)的加分指標(biāo)為1分鐘跳繩，加分幅度為20分；初中、高中和大學(xué)的加分指標(biāo)為男生引體向上和1000米跑，女生1分鐘仰臥起坐和800米跑，各指標(biāo)加分幅度均為10分。7根據(jù)學(xué)生學(xué)年總分評定等級：90.0分及以上為優(yōu)秀，80.089.9分為良好，60.079.9分為及格，59.9分及以下為按畢業(yè)當(dāng)年學(xué)年總分的50%與其他學(xué)年總分平均得分的50%之和進(jìn)行評定。9學(xué)生測試成績評定達(dá)到良好及以上者，方可參加評優(yōu)與評獎；成績達(dá)到優(yōu)秀者，方可獲體育獎學(xué)分。測試成績評定不及格者，在本學(xué)年度準(zhǔn)予補(bǔ)測一次，補(bǔ)測仍不及格，則學(xué)年成績評定為不及格。普通高中、中等職業(yè)學(xué)校和普通高等學(xué)校學(xué)生畢業(yè)時，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試的成績

4、達(dá)不到50分者按結(jié)業(yè)或肄業(yè)處理。學(xué)生因病或殘疾可向?qū)W校提交暫緩或免予執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的申請，經(jīng)醫(yī)療單位證明，體育教學(xué)部門核準(zhǔn)，可暫緩或免予執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并填寫免予執(zhí)行國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)申請表（附表7）,存入學(xué)生檔案。確實(shí)喪失運(yùn)動能力、被免予執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的殘疾學(xué)生，仍可參加評優(yōu)與評獎，畢業(yè)時標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成績需注明免測。.各學(xué)校每學(xué)年開展覆蓋本校各年級學(xué)生的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試工作，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)當(dāng)?shù)亟逃姓块T按要求審核后，通過“中國學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康網(wǎng)”上傳至“國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)管二、單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與權(quán)重一）單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)評分表表1-1男生體重指數(shù)（BMI）單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：千克/米2）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一

5、初二初三高一高二高三大學(xué)正常10013.518.113.718.413.919.414.220.114.421.414.721.815.522.115.722.515.822.816.523.216.823.717.323.817.923.9低體重8013.413.613.814.114.314.615.415.615.716.416.717.220.420.522.222.724.224.625.025.326.126.426.627.428.0表1-2女生體重指數(shù)（BMI）單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：千克/米2）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大學(xué)正常1001

6、3.317.313.517.813.618.613.719.413.820.514.220.814.821.715.322.216.022.616.522.716.923.217.123.317.223.9低體重8013.213.413.513.613.714.114.715.215.916.416.817.019.320.321.222.123.023.724.524.925.225.325.525.828.0表1-3男生肺活量單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：毫升）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1001700200023002600290032

7、003640394042404540474049405040514095160019002200250028003100352038204120442046204820492050209015001800210024002700300034003700400043004500470048004900良8514001650190021502450275031503450375040504250445045504650好8013001500170019002200250029003200350038004000420043004400及7812401430162018202110240027803

8、080338036803880408041804280格76118013601540174020202300266029603260356037603960406041607411201290146016601930220025402840314034403640384039404040721060122013801580184021002420272030203320352037203820392070100011501300150017502000230026002900320034003600370038006894010801220142016601900218024802780308

9、0328034803580368066880101011401340157018002060236026602960316033603460356064820940106012601480170019402240254028403040324033403440627608709801180139016001820212024202720292031203220332060700800900110013001500170020002300260028003000310032005066075084010301220141016001890218024702660285029403030不4062

10、07007809601140132015001780206023402520270027802860及305806507208901060123014001670194022102380255026202690格2054060066082098011401300156018202080224024002460252010500550600750900105012001450170019502100225023002350表1-4女生肺活量單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：毫升）表1-4女生肺活量單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：毫升）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀

11、1001400160018002000225025002750290030503150325033503400345095130015001700190021502400265028503000310032003300335034009012001400160018002050230025502800295030503150325033003350良好85110013001500170019502200245026502800290030003100315032008010001200140016001850210023502500265027502850295030003050及格78960

12、115013401530177020102250240025502650275028502900295076920110012801460169019202150230024502550265027502800285074880105012201390161018302050220023502450255026502700275072840100011601320153017401950210022502350245025502600265070800950110012501450165018502000215022502350245025002550687609001040118013701

13、560175019002050215022502350240024506672085098011101290147016501800195020502150225023002350646808009201040121013801550170018501950205021502200225062640750860970113012901450160017501850195020502100215060600700800900105012001350150016501750185019502000205050580680780880102011701310146016101710181019101

14、9602010不40560660760860990114012701420157016701770187019201970及30540640740840960111012301380153016301730183018801930格2052062072082093010801190134014901590169017901840189010500600700800900105011501300145015501650175018001850表1- #男生50米跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：秒）表1- 男生50米跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：秒）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高

15、三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀10010.29.69.18.78.48.27.87.57.37.17.06.86.76.69510.39.79.28.88.58.37.97.67.47.27.16.96.86.79010.49.89.38.98.68.48.07.77.57.37.27.06.96.8良好8510.59.99.49.08.78.58.17.87.67.47.37.17.06.98010.610.09.59.18.88.68.27.97.77.57.47.27.17.0及格7810.810.29.79.39.08.88.48.17.97.77.67.47.37.27611.010.49.

16、99.59.29.08.68.38.17.97.87.67.57.47411.210.610.19.79.49.28.88.58.38.18.07.87.77.67211.410.810.39.99.69.49.08.78.58.38.28.07.97.87011.611.010.510.19.89.69.28.98.78.58.48.28.18.06811.811.210.710.310.09.89.49.18.98.78.68.48.38.26612.011.410.910.510.210.09.69.39.18.98.88.68.58.46412.211.611.110.710.410.

17、29.89.59.39.19.08.88.78.66212.411.811.310.910.610.410.09.79.59.39.29.08.98.86012.612.011.511.110.810.610.29.99.79.59.49.29.19.05012.812.211.711.311.010.810.410.19.99.79.69.49.39.2不4013.012.411.911.511.211.010.610.310.19.99.89.69.59.4及3013.212.612.111.711.411.210.810.510.310.110.09.89.79.6格2013.412.8

18、12.311.911.611.411.010.710.510.310.210.09.99.81013.613.012.512.111.811.611.210.910.710.510.410.210.110.0表1- 女生50米跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：秒）表1- #女生50米跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：秒）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀10011.010.09.28.78.38.28.18.07.97.87.77.67.57.49511.110.19.38.88.48.38.28.18.07.97.87.77.67.59011.210.29.48

19、.98.58.48.38.28.18.07.97.87.77.6良好8511.510.59.79.28.88.78.68.58.48.38.28.18.07.98011.810.810.09.59.19.08.98.88.78.68.58.48.38.2及格7812.011.010.29.79.39.29.19.08.98.88.78.68.58.47612.211.210.49.99.59.49.39.29.19.08.98.88.78.67412.411.410.610.19.79.69.59.49.39.29.19.08.98.87212.611.610.810.39.99.89.79.

20、69.59.49.39.29.19.07012.811.811.010.510.110.09.99.89.79.69.59.49.39.26813.012.011.210.710.310.210.110.09.99.89.79.69.59.46613.212.211.410.910.510.410.310.210.110.09.99.89.79.66413.412.411.611.110.710.610.510.410.310.210.110.09.99.86213.612.611.811.310.910.810.710.610.510.410.310.210.110.06013.812.81

21、2.011.511.111.010.910.810.710.610.510.410.310.25014.013.012.211.711.311.211.111.010.910.810.710.610.510.4不4014.213.212.411.911.511.411.311.211.111.010.910.810.710.6及3014.413.412.612.111.711.611.511.411.311.211.111.010.910.8格2014.613.612.812.311.911.811.711.611.511.411.311.211.111.01014.813.813.012.5

22、12.112.011.911.811.711.611.511.411.311.2表1- #男生坐位體前屈單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：厘米）表1- 男生坐位體前屈單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：厘米）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀10016.116.216.316.416.516.617.619.621.623.624.324.624.925.19514.614.714.915.015.215.315.917.719.721.522.422.823.123.39013.013.213.413.613.814.014.215.817.819.420.521.0

23、21.321.5良好8512.011.911.811.711.611.512.313.715.817.218.319.119.519.98011.010.610.29.89.49.010.411.613.815.016.117.217.718.2及格789.99.59.18.68.27.79.110.312.413.614.715.816.316.8768.88.48.07.47.06.47.89.011.012.213.314.414.915.4747.77.36.96.25.85.16.57.79.610.811.913.013.514.0726.66.25.85.04.63.85.26.

24、48.29.410.511.612.112.6705.55.14.73.83.42.53.95.16.88.09.110.210.711.2684.44.03.62.62.21.22.63.85.46.67.78.89.39.8663.32.92.51.41.0-0.11.32.54.05.26.37.47.98.4642.21.81.40.2-0.2-1.40.01.22.63.84.96.06.57.0621.10.70.3-1.0-1.4-2.7-1.3-0.11.22.43.54.65.15.6600.0-0.4-0.8-2.2-2.6-4.0-2.6-1.4-0.21.02.13.2

25、3.74.250-0.8-1.2-1.6-3.2-3.6-5.0-3.8-2.6-1.40.01.12.22.73.2不40-1.6-2.0-2.4-4.2-4.6-6.0-5.0-3.8-2.6-1.00.11.21.72.2及30-2.4-2.8-3.2-5.2-5.6-7.0-6.2-5.0-3.8-2.0-0.90.20.71.2格20-3.2-3.6-4.0-6.2-6.6-8.0-7.4-6.2-5.0-3.0-1.9-0.8-0.30.210-4.0-4.4-4.8-7.2-7.6-9.0-8.6-7.4-6.2-4.0-2.9-1.8-1.3-0.8表 #-8女生坐位體前屈單項(xiàng)

26、評分表（單位：厘米）表 -8女生坐位體前屈單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：厘米）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀10018.618.919.219.519.819.921.822.723.524.224.825.325.826.39517.317.617.918.118.518.720.121.021.822.523.123.624.024.49016.016.316.616.917.217.518.419.320.120.821.421.922.222.4良好8514.714.814.915.015.115.216.717.618.419.119

27、.720.220.621.08013.413.313.213.113.012.915.015.916.717.418.018.519.019.5及格7812.312.212.112.011.911.813.714.615.416.116.717.217.718.27611.211.111.010.910.810.712.413.314.114.815.415.916.416.97410.110.09.99.89.79.611.112.012.813.514.114.615.115.6729.08.98.88.78.68.59.810.711.512.212.813.313.814.3707.9

28、7.87.77.67.57.48.59.410.210.911.512.012.513.0686.86.76.66.56.46.37.28.18.99.610.210.711.211.7665.75.65.55.45.35.25.96.87.68.38.99.49.910.4644.64.54.44.34.24.14.65.56.37.07.68.18.69.1623.53.43.33.23.13.03.34.25.05.76.36.87.37.8602.42.32.22.12.01.92.02.93.74.45.05.56.06.5501.61.51.41.31.21.11.22.12.93

29、.64.24.75.25.7不400.80.70.60.50.40.30.41.32.12.83.43.94.44.9及300.0-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.5-0.40.51.32.02.63.13.64.1格20-0.8-0.9-1.0-1.1-1.2-1.3-1.2-0.30.51.21.82.32.83.310-1.6-1.7-1.8-1.9-2.0-2.1-2.0-1.1-0.30.41.01.52.02.5表1-9男生一分鐘跳繩單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：次）表1-9男生一分鐘跳繩單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：次）等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級優(yōu)秀10010911712613

30、7148157951041121211321431529099107116127138147良好8593101110121132141808795104115126135及格78808897108119128767381901011121217466748394105114725967768798107705260698091100表1-10女生一分鐘跳繩單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：次）684553627384936638465566778664313948597079622432415263726017253445566550142231425362不40111928395059及3081625364

31、756格20513223344531021019304150等級單項(xiàng)得分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級優(yōu)秀1001171271391491581669511012013214215115990103113125135144152良好8595105117127136144808797109119128136及格7880901021121211297673839510511412274667688981071157259698191100108705262748493101684555677786946638486070798764314153637280622434465665736017

32、273949586650142436465563不40112133435260及3081830404957格20515273746541021224344351表1-11男生立定跳遠(yuǎn)單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：厘米）表1-11男生立定跳遠(yuǎn)單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：厘米）等級單項(xiàng)得分初一初二初三高一高二高三大一大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1002252402502602652702732759521823324525526026526827090211226240250255260263265良好8520321823324324825325625880195210225235240245248250及格78191206221

33、23123624124424676187202217227232237240242741831982132232282332362387217919420921922422923223470175190205215220225228230表1-12女生立定跳遠(yuǎn)單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：厘米）681711862012112162212242266616718219720721221722022264163178193203208213216218621591741891992042092122146015517018519520020520821050150165180190195200203205不4

34、0145160175185190195198200及30140155170180185190193195格2013515016517518018518819010130145160170175180183185等級單項(xiàng)得分初一初二初三高一高二高三大一大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1001962002022042052062072089519019419619819920020120290184188190192193194195196良好8517718118318518618718818980170174176178179180181182及格78167171173175176177178179761641

35、68170172173174175176741611651671691701711721737215816216416616716816917070155159161163164165166167681521561581601611621631646614915315515715815916016164146150152154155156157158621431471491511521531541556014014414614814915015115250135139141143144145146147不40130134136138139140141142及301251291311331341

36、35136137格2012012412612812913013113210115119121123124125126127表1-13男生一分鐘仰臥起坐、引體向上單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：次）表1-13男生一分鐘仰臥起坐、引體向上單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：次）等級單項(xiàng)得分三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1004849505113141516171819209545464748121314151617181990424344451112131415161718良好853940414210111213141516178036373839910111213141516及格78343

37、536377632333435891011121314157430313233722829303178910111213147026272829表1-14女生一分鐘仰臥起坐單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：次）682425262767891011121366222324256420212223567891011126218192021601617181945678910115014151617345678910不401213141523456789及301011121312345678格208910111234567106789123456注：小學(xué)三年級六年級：一分鐘仰臥起坐；初中、高中、大學(xué)：引體向上。等級

38、單項(xiàng)得分三年級四年級五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1004647484950515253545556579544454647484950515253545590424344454647484950515253良好8539404142434445464748495080363738394041424344454647及格7834353637383940414243444576323334353637383940414243743031323334353637383940417228293031323334353637383970262728293031323334353

39、637682425262728293031323334356622232425262728293031323364202122232425262728293031621819202122232425262728296016171819202122232425262750141516171819202122232425不40121314151617181920212223及30101112131415161718192021格2089101112131415161718191067891011121314151617表1- #男生耐力跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：分秒）表1- 男生耐力跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：

40、分秒）等級單項(xiàng)得分五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1001361303553503403303253203173159513913340535534533533032532232090142136415400350340335330327325良好8514513942240735734734233733433280148142430415405355350345342340及格78151145435420410400355350347345761541484404254154054003553523507415715144543042041040540035735572

41、20015445043542541541040540240070203157455440430420415410407405682062005004454354254204154124106620920350545044043042542041741564212206510455445435430425422420622152095155004504404354304274256021821252050545544544043543243050222216540525515505500455452450不40226220600545535525520515512510及302302246206

42、05555545540535532530格2023422864062561560560055555255010238232700645635625620615612610注：小學(xué)五年級六年級：50米x8往返跑；初中、高中、大學(xué)：1000米跑。表1- 女生耐力跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：分秒）表1- #女生耐力跑單項(xiàng)評分表（單位：分秒）等級單項(xiàng)得分五年級六年級初一初二初三高一高二高三大_大二大三大四優(yōu)秀1001411373353303253243223203183169514414034233733233032832632432290147143349344339336334332330328良好851

43、5014635735234734334133933733580153149405400355350348346344342及格781561524104054003553533513493477615915541541040540035835635435274202158420415410405403401359357722052014254204154104084064044027020820443042542041541341140940768211207435430425420418416414412662142104404354304254234214194176421721344544

44、0435430428426424422622202164504454404354334314294276022321945545044544043843643443250227223505500455450448446444442不40231227515510505500458456454452及30235231525520515510508506504502格2023923553553052552051851651451210243239545540535530528526524522注：小學(xué)五年級六年級：50米x8往返跑；初中、高中、大學(xué)：800米跑。二）加分指標(biāo)評分表表2-1男生一分鐘跳

45、繩評分表（單位：次）加分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級20404040404040193838383838381836363636363617343434343434163232323232321530303030303014282828282828132626262626261224242424242411222222222222注：一分鐘跳繩為高優(yōu)指標(biāo)，學(xué)生成績超過單項(xiàng)評分100分后，以超過的次數(shù)所對應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行加分。102020202020209181818181818816161616161671414141414146121212121212510101010101048888

46、88366666624444441222222表2-2女生一分鐘跳繩評分表（單位：次）加分一年級二年級三年級四年級五年級六年級204040404040401938383838383818363636363636173434343434341632323232323215303030303030142828282828281326262626262612242424242424112222222222221020202020202091818181818188161616161616714141414141461212121212125101010101010488888836666662444

47、4441222222表2-3男生引體向上評分表（單位：次）加分初一初二初三高一高二高三大一大二大三大四101010101010101010999999999888888888777777777666666666555555555444444444333333333222222222111111111表2-4女生一分鐘仰臥起坐評分表（單位：次）加分初一初二初三高一高二高三大一大二大三大四1013131313131313139121212121212121281111111111111111710101010101010106999999995888888884777777773666666662

48、44444444122222222注:引體向上、一分鐘仰臥起坐均為高優(yōu)指標(biāo)，學(xué)生成績超過單項(xiàng)評分100分后，以超過的次數(shù)所對應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行加分。表2-5男生1000米跑評分表（單位：分秒）加分初一初二初三高一高二高三大一大二大三大四10-35-35-35-35-35-35-35-359-32-32-32-32-32-32-32-328-29-29-29-29-29-29-29-297-26-26-26-26-26-26-26-266-23-23-23-23-23-23-23-235-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-204-16-16-16-16-16-16-16-163-12-12-1

49、2-12-12-12-12-122-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-81-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4表2-6女生800米跑評分表（單位：分秒）加分初一初二初三高一高二高三大一大二大三大四10-50-50-50-50-50-50-50-509-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-458-40-40-40-40-40-40-40-407-35-35-35-35-35-35-35-356-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-305-25-25-25-25-25-25-25-254-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-203-15-15-15-15-15-15-15-152-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-101-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5注：1000米跑、800米跑均為低優(yōu)指標(biāo)，學(xué)生成績低于單項(xiàng)評分100分后，以減少的秒數(shù)所對應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行加分。附表：1.國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)登記卡（小學(xué)12年級樣表）國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)登記卡（小學(xué)34年級樣表）國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)登記卡（小學(xué)56年級樣表）國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)登記卡（初中樣表）國家