高三英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解

1、 高三英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解高考閱讀理解常見題型A. Main ideas B. Guess the meaning C. Details D. Inference & judgment 主旨大意題-Main Ideas 主旨大意類題型主要測試學(xué)生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, waggi

2、ng tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in chi

3、ldren, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and

4、regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who

5、attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. Example and success of the program59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childre

6、ns reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program._高考題重現(xiàn)方法指導(dǎo) 1、確定主題句； （如：“for example” “first” “second”等之前的句子中或者 “all in all” “above all” 等之后的句子后。） 2、文章“著墨”最多的點即文章的主旨意。ReturnHow to find the topic sentences?Features of the topic sente

7、nces：1).相對于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括； 2).主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單； 3).段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展相 互題句所表達(dá)的思想的。Example 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegeta

8、bles and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主題句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。練中學(xué)練中學(xué)Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells the

9、m exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. (2)主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù), 層層推理論證, 最后自然得出結(jié)論, 即段落的主題。(3)在短文中間主題句也可以安排在段中間, 此時前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由其后陳述的

10、細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 然后再作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支持或發(fā)展. Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet i

11、s easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out._如何考?1.What is the topic of the text? (NMET93)2.The text is mainly about _. (NMET95)3.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(NMET98) 4.What would be the best titl

12、e for the text? (2004全國)I: English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. 本段主題句為首句, 其后的內(nèi)容均說明首句。 Please find out the key sentence of the following passages

13、.鞏固練習(xí) II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let

14、me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep. 有時段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。_A Little Game（腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎）1. Which travels faster, heat or cold? Heat. Because you can ca

15、tch a cold.2. Where does Friday come before Thursday? In the dictionary. 3. Its yours, but others use it more than you do. What is it? Your name. 猜測詞義題 Guess the meaning 在閱讀中常要求學(xué)生猜測某些單詞或短語的意思,詞義的猜測貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。歷年高考中均有此類題目。猜定義構(gòu)詞法同義詞反義詞同位關(guān)系因果關(guān)系對比轉(zhuǎn)折上下文生活常識Return方法指導(dǎo)高考題重現(xiàn) The whole family had experience

16、d such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded againMy older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher g

17、round above riverIf the river flooded，they should be safe there58The underlined word stock in the third paragraph refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals (06江西卷)_1.上下文The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year. 2.定義法 定義或

18、釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等詞匯或破折號來表示 小結(jié)牧人 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET)unconditional:nonju

19、dgmental:無條件的，絕對的沒有判斷力的3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等disinmisunnon否定前綴recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前綴重復(fù)共同,平等小過度超出-后副的使-可能遠(yuǎn)程-前常用前綴嫁妝 In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 4.生活常識 5.根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系 If yo

20、u agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常連接同義詞組 。小結(jié)disagree 6.根據(jù)同位語語言學(xué)3. Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. She did not hear what you said

21、 because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 7.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系小結(jié)be lost in 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such thattherefore等)表示前因后果。8.根據(jù)對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but, while, however, instead of , rath

22、er than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。小結(jié)hot如何考?1.The underlined phrase “ inheritable trait” in paragraph 2 means _(2006天津）2.By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions _(2006安徽)3.The underlined word “this” refers to_(2006浙江) 4.

23、 The underlined word “l(fā)and” in the last paragraph probably means _(04全國) .事實細(xì)節(jié)題- Details 即常見的 “wh” 問題。它們大多是根據(jù) 文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。 A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built t

24、o protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from th

25、e road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United

26、 States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q： Where does Hoover Dam lie _? A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B在解答這類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進(jìn)行閱讀。 高考題重現(xiàn)_方法指導(dǎo)1).明確題意，順藤

27、摸瓜。2).按照要求，尋找答案來源。3).找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞，明白其暗示作用。4).多讀原文，正確使用排除法。return如何考?1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned ?2.What does the writer pay least attention to ?3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4.All of the following statements may be true except_.5.Which of the following is

28、not the result of Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed o

29、f being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manne

30、rs, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV au

31、dience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 推測判斷題-Judgement 縱觀全文，在掌握各項信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行正確的邏輯

32、推理，推斷作者的意圖；人物的動機、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果； 語言中的語氣等。 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out

33、of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects_高考題重現(xiàn)方法指導(dǎo)A

34、.利用已知信息，進(jìn)行邏輯推理 B.結(jié)合一般常識，分析提供信息 C.注意表層意思，悟出深層含義 在做判斷推理題時，應(yīng)選擇“全面而不籠統(tǒng)、具體而不片面”的答案，而就事論事以及含有絕對單詞的結(jié)論一般都是錯誤的.如何考?1.From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _. (NMET 96)2.Which of the following might have happened afterwards? (NMET 91)3.This text is most probably taken from a _ . (NMET 94)4.In the w

35、riters opinion, a good stage school should _. (NMET 99) 5.This text most probably appears in _ .(2004全國） Daylight saving time (DST) has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time” will begin on the first Sunday in April. Clocks and other timepieces were set

36、 ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, September 14. The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小時 ）of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help peopl

37、e form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率). During the DST period, the actual departure (發(fā)車) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.Q: According to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. A. in 132 days B. in 133 days C. in