歐洲文化入門15章復(fù)習(xí)題

1、51.5.101112131415161718歐洲文化入門1章復(fù)習(xí)題and.TheEastRomanEmpirefelltothein1453.“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered”waswrittenbyTwofamousrepresentativesofRomanarchitectureareand.said,“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.GreekCulturehasexertedgreat,positiveinfluenceonthelater-onliterature,suchasShellysandByronsThel

2、anguagesthatwerespokenbyGreeksandRomansbelongto(哪個語系).TheRomanLaw,tosomeextent,protectedtherightsofWiththefalloftheWesternRomanEmpire,therecame(什么時代)lastingonethousandyears.s(whose)“PrometheusBound”isaparodyadaptedby(hewrote“PrometheusUnbound”).Freudputforwardbasedonthework,“OedipustheKing”writtenby

3、.29.ThewasoneofthesimilaritiessharedbyGreeksandRomansasfaraspoliticsisconcerned.s(whose)politicalspeechesanddiscoursesarethemodelofLatindiction.ThelargestamphitheatreinancientRomeisknownasestablishedtheatomictheory.believedfiretobetheprimaryelementoftheuniverse.establishedthedialecticalmethod.wasthe

4、founderofscientificmathematics.Thehumanisticideascanbetracedbackto_(thenameofaphilosopher).“Themasterofthosewhoknow”waswrittenbyDantetopraise(thenameofaphilosopher).Zeno的介紹II名詞解釋democracyofancientGreecePaxRomanaDoricStyleIonicStyletheSophiststheCynicstheScepticstheEpicureanstheStoicsAcademyLyceumIII

5、.簡答與論述題：1三種問法：Whatisthelimitationof“Democracy”inancientGreece?Howdoyouunderstand“Democracy”inancientGreece?Whatisthedifferencebetween“Democracy”inancientGreeceandmoderndemocracy?HowdidtheGreekCultureoriginateanddevelop?HowdidtheancientGreekphilosophydevelop?HowdidtheancientGreeksciencedevelop?Whatis

6、thedifferencebetweenPlatoandAristotleintermsoftheirphilosophicalideas?OrWhatisthedifferencebetweenPlatoandAristotleintermsoftheirphilosophicalsystem?WhatisthegreatsignificanceofGreekCultureonthelater-onculturaldevelopment?OrWhatpositiveinfluencedidtheGreekCultureexertontheworldcivilization?Whataredi

7、fferenceandsimilaritybetweenGreekcultureandRomanculture?HowdidRomancultureoriginateanddevelop?HowwasRomanEmpiredisintegrated?WhatstylescanGreekarchitecturebeclassifiedinto?OrHowdoesGreekarchitecturetakedifferentstyles?ExplainPaxRomana.WhatcontributiondidtheRomanmaketotheruleoflaw?DivisionTwospecialT

8、ermsExplanation:theHebrewstheOldTestamenttheNewTestamentPentateuchGenesisExodusProphetstheBookofDanieltheHistoricalBookJudaismandChristianityarecloselyrelatedbecauseTheancestorsoftheJewsare,whichmeansinEnglish.ThehistoryoftheHebrewpeopleisrecordedinoftheBible.TheHebrewpeoplecametosettledowninPalesti

9、ne,knownasatthetime.TheOldTestamentisabout,andTOC o 1-5 h z“Testament”means.TheNewTestamentisabout.TheoldestandmostimportantpartoftheOldTestamentiscalledor.8.ItwaswhobroughtHebrewpeoplesafelybacktoPalestine.9.ItwaswhounitedHebrews.10.ItwaswhohadJerusalemestablishedaspoliticalandreligiouscapital.11.T

10、heformerchurchin6thcenturyB.C.iscalled12.Pentateuchisalsocalled.madeChristianitylegal,asheissuedin313.14.In392,EmperormadeChristianityofficialreligion.15.By300,eachlocalchurchiscalledwithitsTOC o 1-5 h zfulltimeleader,knownas.16.Severalparishesweregroundedtogetherintoalargeunitcalled,whichwereheaded

11、byaTheLastSupperisrecordedin,andwasputintopaintingby.TheCruxifixionisrecordedin.TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownas.ThemostextantLatinversionofthewholeBibleiswhichbecametheofficialBibleoftheRomanCatholicChurchthroughouttheworld.ThefirstEnglishversionofthewholeBiblewastranslated

12、by.ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishBibleisor.andarecalledtwogreatreservoirsofModernEnglish.ThedevelopmentofsystemoflandednoblesisrecordedinoftheOldTestament.dealswiththehistoryoftheHebrewpeoplefromtheirentryintoPalestinearound1200B.C.tillthefallofPalestineintohandsofAssyriansandChaldeansin586

13、B.C.TheNewTestamentcontains(howmany)accountswhichtellaboutthebeginningofChristianity.II論述題：1三種問法：HowdidChristianitycomeintobeinganddevelopinEurope?HowdidChristianitybecometheofficialreligionofRomanEmpire?HowdidtherelationsbetweenChristiansandtheRomangovernmentchange?2Whatarethedifferenttranslationed

14、itionsoftheBible?3WhydowesaytheBiblehasshapedwesternculturemoredecisivelythananythingelseeverwritten?4WhatarethegreatinfluencesthattheEnglishBiblehasontheAmericanandBritishliterature?DivisionThreeSpecialTermsExplanation:AgeofFaithFeudalismManor/castleCodeofChivalryMonasticismTheCrusadesCarolingianRe

15、naissanceScholasticismNationalEpicsVernacularLanguageGothicArchitecturalStyletheCanterburyTalesII.有可能出選擇題，填空與判斷題的內(nèi)容：1TheMiddleAgesisalsocalled,andTheMiddleAgesistheperiodinwhichthreeculturesweremerged:,and,respectivelyreferringtoand.2WesternRomanEmpirewasoverthrownin(year).3(who)gavehissoldiersestat

16、esknownasfiefsasarewardfortheirservicesin732.4(who)canbevassals.5(when)wasanoblecrownedasaknightintheMiddleAgesinwesternEurope.6PeopleinthewesternEuropeintheMiddleAgesweredividedintothreeclasses:,and7Betweencenturyandcentury,westernEuropewasthesceneoffrequentwars.8FeudalismcomesfromtheLatinword,whic

17、hmeansinLatin.9Knighttrainedforwarbyfightingeachotherinmockbattlescalled.10RogerBaconwasoneoftheearliestadvocatesof,callingforand11(whichtribe)sweptintoEuropefromcentralAsiainthelatterpartoffourthcentury,robbingandkillingalargenumberofthehalfcivilizedGermanictribes.12Thosewhodevotedtheirlandstolarge

18、-landownersinreturnforprotection,butstillhadtheirownfreedomwerecalledTOC o 1-5 h z13Thosewhocameformcitiesortownsanddevotedtheirfreedomtolarge-landownersinreturnforprotectionwerecalled.14RomanCatholicChurchwasdividedintofiveclasses:,and.15OpusMaiuswaswrittenby.16InRomanCatholicChurch,“Catholic”means

19、.17Themonk,St.Benedictfoundedinabout529A.D.18IntheMiddleAges,theChurchevensetuptheirowncourtcalled.19IntheNationalEpics,vernacularlanguagesmeantwithrepresentativeworks:inearlyEnglishandinearlyFrench.20IntheDivineComedy,Danteexpressedideasandforeshadowedthespiritof.21Chaucerwasregardedasthefirstandth

20、efirstwithhisfamouswork,astherepresentativeof（英語的哪個發(fā)展時期）In1054,Christianitywasdividedintoand24TheMiddleAgesisatransitionalperiodbetweentimesandTheceremonytograntthetitle“knight”iscalled.translatedtheOldandNewTestamentsfromHebrewandGreekoriginalsintoLatin.Histranslationwork,becametheofficialLatinBibl

21、eusedbyRomanCatholicChurchofthisday.“TheConfession”and“theCityoftheGod”werewrittenbySince哪個歷史事件），ArabicnumeralsandalgebrawereintroducedintoEurope.Themockbattlesforknighttrainingareknownas.pavedthewayforModernEnglish.ThelanguageusedbyChaucerwas.III.間答與論述題：1WhyistheMiddleAgescalledAgeofFaith?OrWhydowe

22、saytheMiddleAgesisareligiousage?2HowdidfeudalismderiveanddevelopintheMiddleAges?OrHowdidfeudalismestablishitsfirmrulingpositioninEurope?3WhatisthegreatpowerandinfluenceoftheRomanCatholicchurchintheMiddleAges?4WhatpositiveinfluencedoestheCrusadesexertontheEuropeanCulture?OrWhatisthegreatsignificanceo

23、ftheCrusades?HowdidlearningandsciencedevelopintheMiddleAges?HowdidliteraturedevelopintheMiddleAges?WhatistheimportanceofusingvernacularlanguagesintheMedievalTime?WhatisthedifferencebetweenthevernacularlanguagesusedintheNationalEpicsduringtheMiddleAgesandthevernacularlanguageusedbyMarkTwain?Whatwasth

24、emeritsharedbyCharlemagneandAlfredtheGreat?HowdidtheEnglishLanguagedevelopandwhatistherepresentationofeachstage?OrWhatstagesdidtheEnglishLanguageundergo?WhydowesayusingofvernacularlanguagesintheMiddleAgessignifiesatransition?DivisionFourI.SpecialTermsExplanation:RenaissanceRenaissanceArtReformationC

25、ounter-ReformationCalvinismtheJesuitsProtestantismII有可能出填空，選擇與判斷題的內(nèi)容：DuringRenaissance,humanistthinkersandscholarsintroducednewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsofRenaissaneestaredinandwiththefloweringofpainting,sculptureandarchitecture.AttheheartofRenaissaneephilosophywastheassertionofwhichisalsothecor

26、eofhumanism.ManyofPetrarchsarewrittenforLaura.Themostrepresentativepainterofhumanismwaswithhisfamouspaintingworkand.Thestatesman,ofItalyintheRenaissanceperiodhasgreatlyinfluencedthepoliticalscienceinthewest,called“FatherofWesternPoliticalScience”.Underthereignof,Englishbegantoembarkontheroadtocoloni

27、zationandforeigncontrolthatwastotakeitontoitsheydayofcapitalistdevelopment.isthebirthplaceofRenaissance.Madonnawas（什么性質(zhì)的油畫），paintedTOC o 1-5 h zby.ManwiththeGlovewaspaintedby.Calvinisminsistedonconstructingatypeofgovernmentknownas.AfterReformation,inEnglandanewformofchurchwasestablishedknownasor.Dur

28、ingCounter-Reformation,(教派名稱)wasdevotedtodefendingtheRomanCatholicChurchwithitshead,眉領(lǐng)名字).stressedhardworkandthriftywayoflife.MontaignewasaFrenchhumanistknownforhisTherepresentativeauthorofRenaissanceinSpainwaswithhisfamousliterarywork,withwhichtheEuropeannovelenteredanewstageThemostrepresentativeau

29、thorandhumanistduringRenaissanceinEnglandwas,andhisfourgreattragediesarerespectively,and18.Columbuswasthediscovererofin1492.discoveredtheCapeofGoodHopein1487.discoveredtheroutetoIndiaroundtheCapeofGoodHopebetween1497and1498.Americawasnamedin(whose)honor.putforwardrevolutionaryideasinastronomyduringt

30、heMiddleAges,andhistheorywasprovedlaterbyandin17thcentury.AsyoulikeitandTwelfthNightaretwocomedieswrittenbyTheideathatonlythosespeciallyelectedbyGodaresavedwasadvocatedby(school).25.Itwasduringthereignof(whom)thattheEnglishBiblewasadoptedbytheChurchofEngland.TheideathattheBiblewasthesupremeauthority

31、andmanwasonlyboundtothelawoftheworldoftheGodwasputforwardby(whom).DuringRenaissance,(whom)preachedinCzechLanguage.DuringRenaissance,Withthereignof(whom)Englandbegantoembarkontheroadtoandforeigncontrol.WilliamShakespeare,ThomasMoreandwerehumanistscholarsduringRenaissance.Davidisasculpturedoneby.山論述題：

32、1WhydidRenaissancefirstbegininItaly?2WhydidRenaissancedeclineinItalyintheend?WhatisRenaissanceArt?WhatarethecharacteristicsandfeaturesofRenaissanceArt?HowdidReformationdevelop?(即：發(fā)展的四個階段)Howdidcapitalismcomeintobeinganddevelop?OrWhatarethepropositionsforCapitalismtorise?WhatisthegreatsignificanceofR

33、eformation?WhatarethegreatinfluencesofReformation?WhydidEnglandcomelaterthanothercountriesduringtheRenaissancebutreachitsclimaxinEngland?InwhatwaywasEnglishRenaissancedifferentfromthatofothercountries?WhattypeofculturedidRenaissancecreate?WhatisthegreatsignificanceofReformation?Whatarethegreatgeogra

34、phicaldiscoveries(orofnavigation)intheMiddleAges?FromwhatwastheEnglishessayderived?DivisionFiveI.SpecialTermsExplanation:FrancisBaconspracticalphilosophyDeductivemethodInductivemethodTheGreatInstaurationThomasHobbesSocialContractJohnLocksSocialContracttheNaturalStateofWartheLawsofNatureTheEnglishRev

35、olution(theEnglishBourgeoisieRevolution)DescartesTheoryofKnowledgeDescartesDualismFrenchClassicismBaroqueArtII有可能出填空，選擇題與判斷題的內(nèi)容：1centurywasthetransitionalperiodfromtheMiddleAgestotheModernTimes.TheModernWorldbeginsin(century).andprovedthatCopernicusheliocentrictheoryistrue.Thereisthefirstbreakthroug

36、hinandinthe17thcentury.Therewasaprofoundchangeintheconceptionofmensplaceintheuniversein(century).looksatmenspositionintheuniverseinanewway.TOC o 1-5 h zKeplerwaswellknownforhisdiscoveryof.Newtondiscoveredthetheoryof,andhealsoinventedthemethodcalled.distinguishesthreelevelsofunderstanding:,andpsychol

37、ogyandphysicsoriginatedfromLeibniz.InDecember,1689,wasenactedbytheEnglishParliament.AftertheEnglishRevolution,(制度)wasestablishedintheGreatBritain.Theeventthattookplacein1688intheGreatBritainwascalled.ThemenoftheactionandtheleaderintheEnglishRevolutionwereand,andthemanofthoughtwithhisfamousliterarywork.wastherepresentativeauthorofFrenchClassicism.TherepresentativepainterofBaroqueArtwaswithhisfamo