考研英語寒假閱讀作業(yè)40篇

1、寒假第 1 天 日期Unit1 人在職場 Text 1 正文There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance,

2、 people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions i

3、n administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational b

4、ackground is properly technical or professional. The generalist - and especially the administrator - deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capa

5、ble of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the

6、two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you - but this is pure accident.Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people wille suspicious of yourability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the fi

7、rst job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.Text 1 習題1.There is an increasing demand for .all round people in their own fieldspeople whose job is to organize other peoples workgeneralists whose educational bac

8、kground is either technical or professionalspecialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others2.The specialist is .a man whose job is to train other peoplea man who has been trained in more than one fieldsa man who can see the forest rather than the treesa man whose conce

9、rn is mainly with technical or professional matters3.The administrator is .a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalista man who sees the trees as well as the foresta man who is very strong in the humanitiesa man who is an “educated” specialist4.During your training period, it is impor

10、tant .A to try to be a generalistto choose a profitable jobto find an organization which fits youto decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist5.A mans first job .is never the right job for himshould not be regarded as his final jobC should not be changed or people wille suspicious

11、 of his ability to hold any jobD is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job寒假第 1 天 日期Unit1 人在職場 Text 2 正文Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have

12、been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for

13、“a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve womens opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at th

14、e government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italys population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italys total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplac

15、e is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for th

16、emselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such

17、changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway worker

18、s and street cleaner.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made.A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.Text 2 習題1.The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move quietly through central Rome.”violently throu

19、gh central Rome.”in a long winding line through central Rome.”at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?There are more women than men in Italy.In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.In

20、 Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.3.About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for .more job opportunitiesa greater variety of jobs“equal job, equal pay”both A and B4.The best title for this passage would be .The Role of Women is SocietyWomen Demonstrate for Equality in EmploymentWo

21、men as Self-employed ProfessionalsWomen and the Jobs Market寒假第 3 天 日期Unit1 人在職場 Text 3 正文Tight-lipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental

22、 blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an e

23、ssential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services

24、.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could

25、-be employer is deciding whether your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible info

26、rmation about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.Text 3 習題1.What do

27、the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what youget.”?Youll certainly get what you want.Its no use dreaming.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.Its essential to set a goal for yourself.2.A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this pa

28、ssage as .an illustration of how to write an application for a joban indication of how to secure a good joba guideline for job descriptiona principle for job evaluation3.According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a jobbecause .that is the first step to ple

29、ase the employerthat is the requirement of the employerit enables him to know when to sell his servicesit forces him to become clearly aware of himself4.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you havesomething.definite to offerimaginary to providepractical to sup

30、plydesirable to present寒假第 4 天 日期Unit2 學習能力 Text 1 正文It doesnt come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you cant remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.One d

31、ependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why youre reading.Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. Im just looking”?

32、 Both you and she know that if you arent sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off - both eager to look for exactly what you want.Its quite the same with

33、your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that - nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find o

34、ut more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about Americ

35、a. Im reading this article to find out.” Or, “Im going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.Reading is not one single activity. At least two important pro

36、cesses go on at the same time.As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes

37、, I agree. Thats my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. Id better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You dont just sit there taking in ideas- you do something else, and that something else is very important.This additional pr

38、ocess of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be

39、 checked by evidence. Opinions are ones own personal reactions.Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.Text 1 習題1.If you cannot remember what you read or study, .it is no surpriseit means you have not really learned anythingit means you

40、have not chosen the right bookyou realize it is of no importance2.Before you start reading, it is important .to make sure why you are readingto relate the information to your purposeto remember what you readto choose an interesting book3.Reading activity involves .only two simultaneous processesprim

41、arily learning about ideas and evaluating them criticallymerely distinguishing between facts and opinionsmainly drawing accurate inferences4.A good reader is one who .relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matterdoes lots of thinking in his readingtakes a critical attitude in h

42、is readingis able to check the facts presented against what he has already known寒假第 5 天 日期Unit2 學習能力 Text2 正文Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth

43、 century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in

44、 the first year of lifeespecially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, w

45、hose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical sta

46、ge has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak sim

47、ple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infan

48、t is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And evenmore incredible is the young brains ability to pick out a

49、n order in language from the mixture ofsound around him, to analyze, to combine andbine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling (咿呀學語), grasping

50、and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.Text 2 習題1.The purpose

51、of Frederick IIs experiment was .to prove that children are born with the ability to speakto discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechto find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakto prove that a child could be damaged without learning

52、 a language2.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that .they are incapable of learning language rapidlythey are exposed to too much language at oncetheir mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speaktheir mothers are not intelligent enough to help them3.What i

53、s exceptionally remarkable about a child is that .he is born with the capacity to speakhe has a brain more complex than an animalshe can produce his own sentenceshe owes his speech ability to good nursing4.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?The faculty of speech is inborn in

54、 man.Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.The childs brain is highly selective.Most children learn their language in definite stages.5.If a child starts to speak later than others, he will .have a high IQbe less intelligentbe insensitive to verbal signalsnot necess

55、arily be backward寒假第 6 天 日期Unit2 學習能力 Text3 正文Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for p

56、enicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more f

57、requently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal - and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously

58、on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they ha

59、ve always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the propositio

60、n that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easie