高考英語一輪復習語法專題定語從句外研版

1、學習必備歡迎下載語法專題一定語從句出納拓展定語從句在句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的名詞或者代詞被稱為先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞被稱為關系詞，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，它們在先行詞和定語從句之間起引導作用，在意義上代替先行詞，在定語從句中充當一個成分。其基本解題方法是：第一，找出先行詞；第二，看先行詞在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞郑?作主語、賓語、表語或定語時要用關系代詞，如果作狀語，則要選用關系副詞；第三，看先 行詞是否為特殊詞，然后根據(jù)需要選用合適的關系詞。考點一關系代詞與關系副詞的區(qū)別關系代詞有 who, whom which , that和whose,另外，a

2、s也可充當關系代詞。關系代 詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、表語和定語。關系副詞有when, where和why,在定語從句中充當狀語。who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.whom旨人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr Liu is the person(whom) you talked about just now.which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。The book which he gave me is very interesting.that指人時，相當

3、于 who或whom指物時，相當于 which。在定語從句中作主語 或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。She is the pop star (that ) I want to see very much.whose可指人或物，修飾名詞或代詞，在定語從句中充當定語。whose+名詞”可改為“the + 名詞 + of which/whom 或of which/whom the 十 名詞”。The house whose windows are very large is my uncles.= The house of which thewindows are very large is my unc

4、les.as可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。1)引導限制性定語從句，先行詞前常有as, the same, so, such修飾，且在從句中作主語、賓語或表語時，關系代詞要用as。It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(作 workout的賓語)注意：so/such.tha.t結構中，that引導結果狀語從句，只起連接作用，不充當從句的任何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could workit out

5、. (workout已經(jīng)有賓語，that只起連接作用) This is the same village where we spent our childhood.(先行詞作從句中的地點狀語，故要用關系副詞where; as僅在句子缺少關系代詞時使用。)2)as可以引導非限制性定語從句，代指整個主句的內容，從句中常用的謂語動詞為see,say , hear, expect , know, report等，常譯為“正如，正像“，其引導的從句可以放在主 句前面也可以放在主句后面。As we all know , Taiwan belongs to China.Avatar is a very su

6、ccessful film , as is known to us all.when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞time , day, week,year , month 等。常用 on which , in which , at which , during which 等代替。I still remember the day when (on which ) we first met.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞。可以用“介詞+關系代詞”代替。The house where (in which ) he lives is ne

7、ar the river.why指原因，在定語從句中彳原因狀語?？捎?for which來替代。why不可引導非限制性定語從句。學習必備歡迎下載Tell me the reason why （for which ） you came late.方法技巧：用關系代詞還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞?？键c二關系代詞必須用that的情況.當先行詞是 everything , anything , nothing , something , all , none, few, little . some等不定代詞時，或當先行詞被

8、 every , any , all , some, no, little , few , much等不 定代詞修飾時。We should do all that is useful to the people.先行詞被 the only , the very , the same , the last 等詞修飾時。This is the last place that I want to visit.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。This is the best novel that I have ever read.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。This is the second t

9、ime that you told us the story.當先行詞同時含有人和物時。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句中，含有定語從句，為避免重復時。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?注意： Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.（即使有最高級修飾先行詞 city，但從句中work為不及物動詞，先行詞只作其地點狀語，故

10、要用關系 副詞）因此牢記，前面所述幾種情況已有前提：需要用關系代詞時，遇到這幾種情況才選用 that ?？键c三關系代詞不能用that的情況.在“介詞+關系代詞”的結構中，關系代詞只能用指物的which和指人的whomThis is the train by which we went to Beijing.在非限制性定語從句（即通常用逗號與主句隔開，若去掉整個句子仍能表達完整意 義的定語從句）中。Football , which is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.指人時，當先行詞為 everybody , any

11、body, everyone , anyone等時，關系代詞要用 who,不用 that 。Is there anyone who can answer this question?.先行詞本身是指示代詞that或those時，關系代詞應用 which。Whats that which she is looking at?考點四 as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別.位置不同。which引導的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后；as引導的定語從句位置較靈活，也就是說as從句可置于所限制的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后。Mike, as you know, is an honest man./

12、Mike is an honest man as you know./As you know, Mike is an honest man.先行詞不同。as引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子；which引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子。As we all know , he is very proud.（先行詞為一個句子）He was proud , which his brother never was.3.意義不同。as 一般譯為“正如，就像”； John , as you know , is my best friend.正如你所知，約翰是我最好

13、的朋友。He has been to Paris more than ten times他已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點我不相信。（先行詞是一個詞）which 一般譯為 這一點, which I dont believe.這件事”。.關系不同。當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往往只用which oTom was late for school , which made his teacher very angry.考點五“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句在“介詞+關系代詞”結構中，關系代詞指人時用whom不可用who或者that ;指學習必備歡迎下載物時用which ,不能用that

14、 ;關系代詞是所有格時用whose。The person to whom youll write is Mr Ball.The old man was talking with Mr Smith , in whose hospital I was operated on.“介詞+ 關系代詞”前可有 some, any, none, both , all , neither , most , each , few等代詞及名詞、數(shù)詞等。He has two sons , both of whom were killed in the war.I live in a house , the wind

15、ow of which faces the south.“介詞+關系代詞+ to do”為省略形式，可以轉化為“介詞+關系代詞十句子”的 形式。The poor man had no house in which to live. =The poor man had no house in which he could live.“介詞+關系代詞”結構中介詞的選擇可根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞和介詞的習慣搭 配、先行詞和介詞的習慣搭配來確定，有時也需要結合句意。In the street there wasnt any person to whom she could turn for help.T

16、he boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.from where雖為“介詞+關系副詞”結構，但也可引導定語從句，where往往指代前面的表示具體位置的介詞短語。He stood on top of the hill , from where he could see the whole village.（where指代on top of the hill ,指的是“從山頂那個地方看”，而不是指“山”）考點六定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)別.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。二者都跟在名詞后面，區(qū)別是：定語從句修飾先行 詞，是

17、對其進行修飾限定；同位語從句則是對前面名詞的解釋說明，是其內容。同位語從句 前的名詞常為抽象名詞，如：idea , fact , truth , evidence , news, thought 等。同位語從句主要由that弓I導，在從句中不作成分，有時也可以由 when, where, how, why, whether ,what等詞引導，在從句中充當成分。The news that our team won made us excited.（ our team won ” 是 news 的內容，that不充當從句的成分，為同位語從句?？衫斫鉃椋篢he news was that our

18、team won. ）The news that he told me was exciting.（he told me 缺少一個直接賓語，由 that充當，故為定語從句。不能將其理解為：The news was that he told me. ）.定語從句與并列句和簡單句的區(qū)別。區(qū)別的關鍵是看標點和連詞。Our class has sixty students , most of whom study hard.（逗號后為另一句子，兩個句子之間要用連接詞 whom此為定語從句）Our class has sixty students , and most of them study har

19、d.（逗號后為另一句子，且已經(jīng)有并列連詞 and,故用them即可，此為并列句）Our class has sixty students.Most of them study hard.（此處為句號，代表兩個獨立的簡單句，故不需要連詞）.定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句前面必有先行詞，而時間狀語從句和地點狀 語從句則是作整個句子的狀語，前面沒有先行詞。Do you know the time when he will come back ? （定語從句，前面有先行詞time）I will go shopping when he comes back.（時間狀語從句，表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間，

20、前面沒有先行詞）Put the book where it belongs.（地點狀語從句，指的是“放書的地點，前面無先行詞，因此不能用in which ）Put the book in the place where it belongs.（定語從句, 前面有先行詞place ）.定語從句與強調句的區(qū)別。當 it is /was后出現(xiàn)表示地點或是時間的名詞時，其后 所接從句是定語從句還是強調結構，要看將it is/was 和that （可以先假設）去掉之后句式是否完整（不缺少成分），完整則為強調句。It was Sunday when he came back.（定語從句）It was on

21、 Sunday that he came back.（強調句式，強調的是時間狀語 on Sunday ,去掉It was和that后句式完整）考點七幾種特殊情況學習必備歡迎下載.當先行詞為way,意為“方法、方式”，且在定語從句中作主語、賓語時，可用關系代詞which或that ;作狀語時，要用in which 或that或不填任何關系詞。The way (that/in which ) he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand.(作狀語)The way that/which he explained to me

22、 was not difficult to understand.(作賓.當先行詞為 case , stage , position , point , situat ,ion等表示抽象地點的名詞， 且在定語從句中作狀語時，要用where來引導，occasion表時間時，用when引導定語從句；表地點，譯為“場合”時，用 where引導定語從句。Well see a case where soft music can help to cure people.當先行詞為time時，若表示“一段時間”.，后面定語從句用when引導，也可用at/during which ;若表示次數(shù)”，后面定語從句

23、用that引導，that可以省略。This is the second time (that ) the President has visited our country.There was a time when we had no TV sets.班因提升二（2012 全國高考 n） That evening , I will tell you more about later I ended up working very late.A. that B. whichC. whatD . when（2012 北京高考）Whendeeply absorbed in work, he oft

24、en was, he wouldforget all about eating or sleeping.A. that B . whichC. where D . when（2012 天津高考）I wish to thank Professor Smith , without help I would never have got this far.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD . which（2012 重慶高考）Sales director is a position communication abilityis just as important as sales ski

25、lls.A. which B. thatC. whenD. where（2012 山東高考）Maria has written two novels, both of have been madeinto television series.A. themB. thatC. whichD. what（2012 安徽高考） A lot of language learning , has been discovered , is happening in the first year of life , so parents should talk much to their children

26、during that period.A. as B . itC. which D . this（2012 福建高考）The air quality in the city , is shown in the report ,has improved over the past two months.A. that B . itC. as D . what（2012 四川高考）In our class there are 46 students ,h alf wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them（2012 浙江高考） Wel

27、ive in an age more information is available withgreater ease than ever before.A. why B . when學習必備歡迎下載C. to whom D . on which（2012 浙江高考）日len was a painter of birds and of nature , , forsome reason , had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. whoC. whereD. whom（2012 江蘇高考）After the flooding , peo

28、ple were suffering in that area ,urgently needed clean water , medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. whoC. whereD. what（2012 湖南高考）Care of the soul is a gradual process even the smalldetails of life should be considered.A. whatB. in whatC. which D. in which（2012 江西高考）By 16: 30, was almost closi

29、ng time , nearly all thepaintings had been sold.A. which B. whenC. whatD. that（2012 陜西高考）It is the third time that she has won the race , has surprised us all.A. that B . whereC. which D . what（2011 江蘇高考）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval , the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B .

30、 whereC. that D . which（2011 山東高考）The old town has narrow streets and small housesare built close to each o ther.A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that（2011 安徽高考）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B . whichC. where D . while18.（2011 天津高考）The day

31、s are gone physical strength was all you neededto make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which（2011 浙江高考）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of uses it somewhat differently.A. which B. whatC. themD. those（2011 浙江高考）A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella infair weath

32、er and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A. when B . thatC. where D . there（2011 福建高考）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her studentsallows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. whereC. whatD. who（2011 全國高考 n ） Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a

33、T-shirt , is a stupid thing to do in such weather.學習必備歡迎下載A. this B . thatC. what D . which（2011 湖南高考）Julie was good at Germa French and Russian , all of she spoke fluently.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that（2011 全國高考 I） The prize will go to the writer story shows themost imagination.A. that B . whichC. w

34、hose D . what（2011 上海高考）Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station youcan hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as（2011 四川高考） The school shop , customers are mainly students , is closed for the holidays.A. whichB. whoseC. whenD. where（2011 江西高考） She showed the visitors around the

35、 museum the construction had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which（2011 陜西高考）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends , we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. that（2011 北京高考）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the othe

36、rs, of course , made all the others upset.A. whoB. whichC. what D. that（2013 安徽黃山七校聯(lián)考）Most of us will eventually find ourselves in asituation we or someone else need help.A. who B . whichC. that D . where（2013 北京海淀區(qū)模擬）Mo Yan became the first Chinese Nobel Prize winnerin literature , left school to m

37、ake a living at the age of 12.A. as B . whichC. that D . who（2013 遼寧鞍山模擬）QQ you can chat with your friends, makescommunication easy.A. as B . whichC. thatD. where（2013 福建四地六校聯(lián)考）A man hurried in and asked , Is there a hospitalaround I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?A. what B. whichC. that

38、D . where（2013 -浙江寧波期中）The beautiful mountain village we spent ourholiday last year is located in is now part of Guangxi.A. which ; where B . where; whatC. that ; what D . when; which（2013 北京東城區(qū)第二次聯(lián)考）The old man, moneyis no problem , still學習必備歡迎下載leads a simple life.A. for whose B . of whoseC. of wh

39、omD . for whom（2013 安徽蕪湖模擬）Living . in the eastern part of the city has its problems , shopping is not the least.A. with which B . of whichC. for which D . which學習必備歡迎下載參考答案. B由空前的可知該定語從句不能用that來引導，排除 A項；what不能引導定語從句，排除C項；從句中的about缺少賓語，因此排除不能作賓語的 when,而which 可以在從句中作賓語且可以引導非限制性定語從句，故選B項。B which引導非限制性

40、定語從句，且在從句中作表語， 代替整個主句的內容。 句意：通常情況下，當他沉浸在工作中時，他會忘了吃飯和睡覺。B句意：我想感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的成就。whose 引導的定語從句修飾 Professor Smith , whose在從句中作定語修飾 help。 TOC o 1-5 h z D communication ability is just as important as sales skills”在句中作定語，修飾先行詞a position ,先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，相當于 in which ,故where符合題意。句意：銷售總監(jiān)是一個交際能力和銷售技巧

41、同等重要的職位。故選D項。C 先行詞為two novels,所以介詞之后需要選用關系代詞which。句意：瑪利亞寫了兩本小說，都拍攝成了電視連續(xù)劇。故選C項。A as和which都可以引導非限制性定語從句，代表整個主句或者主句的部分內容。 as意為“正如，正像”，位置比較靈活，位于主句的前面、中間或者主句的后面都可以； which意為“這件事”，一般位于主句的后面。句意：正如被發(fā)現(xiàn)的一樣，大量的語言學習 發(fā)生在生命的頭一年，因此在那個階段父母應該多和孩子交流。由句意可知，A項符合題意。C由空前的“，”可知該定語從句不能用that引導；it和what不能引導定語從句；只有as可以引導非限制性定語

42、從句， 此處的as代替的是“The air quality in the city has improved over the past two months. ”。C句意：我們班共有46名學生，其中一半的學生戴眼鏡。先行詞是students , “一半的學生”應表達為 half of the students ,在介詞之后關系代詞應為whom故C項正確。B句意：我們生活在一個比以往更容易獲得更多信息的時代。when引導的定語從句修飾 an age。B分析句子結構可知，從句缺少的是主語，排除 C項和D項；根據(jù)句意可知，定 語從句修飾的是 a painter ,所以用who來引導。B根據(jù)句意判斷

43、，需要純凈水、藥品和帳篷的是“人”，所以該定語從句修飾的 先行詞是people ,故選用who引導該定語從句并在從句中作主語。D句意：關愛心靈是一個逐漸的過程，在此過程中我們應當考慮到生活中一些小 的細節(jié)。先行詞為 process ,在定語從句中作狀語，故用“介詞+關系代詞( in which)” 來引導定語從句。A 分析句子結構可知，nearly all the paintings had been sold是主句，which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾前面的時間，which在從句中作主語。C which引導非限制性定語從句，代指前面整個句子的內容。句意：這是她第三 次在比賽中獲勝，這使得我們

44、都很吃驚。A句意：音樂會的兩部分中間有幕間休息時間，在這段時間里觀眾可以去買冰激 凌。when引導的定語從句修飾 an interval , when在從句中作時間狀語。D句意：這座古鎮(zhèn)擁有窄巷小舍，它們彼此緊鄰。定語從句中缺少主語，故用關 系代詞that。they是代詞，不能引導從句；where是關系副詞，在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語；what引導名詞性從句，不引導定語從句。C句意：不管剩下什么食物，都可以放到冰箱里，在冰箱里食品可以保持二到三 周不壞。分析題干可知，先行詞是refrigerator ,其后的定語從句中，主語是 it ,謂語動詞keep “保持”，是不及物動詞，不接賓語，所以定語從句

45、中缺少地點狀語in therefrigerator , 故用 where弓I導該定語從句。A when引導定語從句時， 其先行詞為表示時間的詞；that和which引導定語從句 時，需要在定語從句中作主語或賓語，而該空后的從句不缺少這樣的成分；where引導定語從句時，其先行詞為表示地點的詞。由本句的先行詞 The days可知本句的引導詞應為 when句意：你完全需要體力來謀生的日子一去不復返了。故選A項。A句意：英語是不同文化所共用的語言，只是每種文化在使用程度上是不同的。 介詞之后的關系代詞要根據(jù)先行詞確定，本句的先行詞為several diverse cultures ,選用which ,故選 A項。如選 C項，則應在 each前加and。學習必備歡迎下載C 從句不缺主語、賓語和表語，故選