高考英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)語法精講精練教師版

1、第七講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞是英語中最靈活、最難掌握的詞，在歷年高考題中動(dòng)詞所占比例最大。設(shè)題時(shí)給出 四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞及其短語意義的理解和運(yùn)用能力。主 要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中。二主獺硼趟釀?dòng)⒄Z中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是常考的或較常用的有十一種。見下表：時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu) 成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does,(連系動(dòng)詞 is/am/are )一般過去時(shí)did,(連系動(dòng)詞 was/were )一般將來時(shí)will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are(about)to do現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are doing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were

2、 doing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have done過去完成時(shí)had done將來完成時(shí)will/shall have done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/have been doing過去將來時(shí)would/should do was/were going to do was/were(about)to do二、主要時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法.表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用行為動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用We always care for each other and help each other.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理（不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制

3、）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊I.表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由句中有時(shí)可以用 shall或will表意愿，不表示時(shí)態(tài)；I ll go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,m

4、y family will be pleased.以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes. 她來了。（二）一般過去時(shí)基本用法.過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年輕時(shí)生活在北京。.表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我們參觀了那家工廠。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.有些動(dòng)詞如：think, want, plan等用在一般過去時(shí)中常常

5、譯為“原來認(rèn)為/以為，原來想,原計(jì)劃”。I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt.我原以為這部電影是很有趣的，但是事實(shí)并非如此。.考生有時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí)Hello, I you were in London. How long here?A. don t know; were you B. hadn t known; are youC. haven t known; areD. didn t know; have you been【解析】非常容易誤選 Bo其實(shí)答案為 D,因?yàn)椤癲idn t know”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是見面前不知

6、道， 即指過去不知道。（三）一般將來時(shí)基本用法1.表示將來的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài)The first time we ll send you with an experienced reporter.第次我們要派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的記者陪同你一起去。2,表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作Oil will float on water.油會(huì)浮在水面上。Crops will die without water,沒有水莊稼會(huì)死亡重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊一般將來時(shí)幾種特殊表達(dá)形式的區(qū)別.be going to :表示打算做某事或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生某事I am going to visit my friend in hospital.我將去看望住

7、在醫(yī)院的朋友。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起來好象要下雨了。.be about to :表示即時(shí)的將來。一般不與時(shí)間狀語連用Now ladies and gentleman, you re about to hear the most incredible tale.女士們，先生們，你們馬上就要聽到一個(gè)難以置信的故事。.be to :可用來表示計(jì)劃、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）會(huì)做，可能；必定會(huì)發(fā)生或已發(fā)生了某事；發(fā)布命令或告之規(guī)則Their daughter is to get married soon.他們的女兒可能不久就要結(jié)婚了

8、。（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法1,表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.現(xiàn)在正下著大雨， 因止匕我們必須呆在家里。2,表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday,這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩Why are always forgetting his name?為啥你總是記他的名字呢?（五）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法1,表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作My fath

9、er is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天整天他者B在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I was writing while he was watching TV.我在寫東西而他在看電視。.表示過去將來動(dòng)作He said she was arriving the next.day.他說他將在第二天至 U達(dá)。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊考生有時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或用一般過去時(shí)代

10、替過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。一Hey, look where you are going!Oh, I m terribly sorry.A. Im not noticing.B. I wasn t noticing.C. I haven t noticed.D. I don t notice.【解析】非常容易誤選Co其實(shí)答案為Bo因?yàn)閷?duì)話的后者顯然是在解釋剛才不小心冒犯對(duì)方時(shí)正在做的事情，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 He a book about China last year, but I don t know i f he it.A. wrote; has finishedB. was writing; has

11、 finishedC. was writing; had finishedD. wrote; will finish【解析】非常容易誤選A。其實(shí)答案為B。從I don t know if he has finished it 推斷，他去年一直在寫，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。（六）將來進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法.表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般帶狀語When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.他明天來我家的時(shí)候，我將正在寫報(bào)告。.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來I think that she will be w

12、orking on this experiment until next morning.我想她做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)將會(huì)一直做到明天早上。.表示預(yù)定的將來動(dòng)作或?qū)淼念A(yù)測Stop the child or he will be falling over.攔住那孩子，不然他會(huì)摔下去的。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)的區(qū)別.一般將來時(shí)不僅表示“將來”，還含有“意志、意愿”等的意思I ll try my best to hard work at English.我將盡全力努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。（含意愿的意思）I ll be studying English next term.下學(xué)期我將學(xué)習(xí)英語。（表示單純的將來）

13、.跟一般將來時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語比較模糊，而跟進(jìn)來進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語非常具體I ll write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要給父親寫信。I ll be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我會(huì)給父親寫信的。（七）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本用法表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。I have finished the report.我已經(jīng)完成了這個(gè)報(bào)告。She has cleaned the room.她已經(jīng)打掃干凈了這個(gè)房間。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的

14、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for. ”，“since. ”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。He has learned English for six years.他學(xué)英語已經(jīng)六年了。They have worked here since they left college.他們大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后就在這里工作。.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）用have/has been to ，表示到某地去了（還未 回來）用have/has gone to ”。Where is Li Hua?一李華在哪里？一He has gone to the reading-room.-他去閱覽室了。She knows a lot about

15、 Shanghai.一關(guān)于上海，她懂很多。一She has been there.她去過那里。短 暫 動(dòng) 詞 （即 瞬 間 動(dòng) 詞）， 如：join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。要翻譯他已參軍已經(jīng)三年了”。不能說：He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三種方法：ago 法： He joined the army three years ago.延續(xù)法

16、： He has been in the army for three years.“since 法“：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.（八）過去完成時(shí)基本用法表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.Everything had been all right up till this morning.在那狗走過來之前，他已將門關(guān)上了。直到今天上午為止，一切都正常。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊1.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，

17、甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.個(gè)英語單詞了。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.一個(gè)星期了。2.常用 hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose的希望、打算或意圖。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.比賽的。十歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了 500我們知道的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)病了等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)我們本期望你能贏得這場（九）

18、將來完成時(shí)基本用法用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和語連用。by短語，when, before引起的時(shí)間狀We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到這學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)為止，我們將會(huì)完成高中第二冊書。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)來表示將來某一時(shí)刻以前已完成的動(dòng)作Tell me what you think about the film when you have seen it.你看完這部電影之后告訴我你對(duì)它的意見。.與by the end of引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用時(shí)要看“ o

19、f”后面的名詞所表示的時(shí)間概念來 決定是用將來完成時(shí)還是用過去完成時(shí)。We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.到這學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)為止，我們將學(xué)會(huì)2000英語單詞。We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term.到這學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)為止，我們將學(xué)會(huì)2000英語單詞。（十）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還要繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.8

20、點(diǎn)以來，他一直在做這些數(shù)學(xué)題。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果I have read that book.我讀過那本書了。（知道那本書的內(nèi)容）.著重表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還將繼續(xù)下去-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. havepainted【解析】答案為 Co強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在的延續(xù)，可能還將繼續(xù)下去。（H）過去將來時(shí)基本用法相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存

21、在的狀態(tài)。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告訴我他將去北京。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備回家。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊would do（表示過去的習(xí)慣）總是，總會(huì)，常常。He would sit silent for hours.他常常接連好幾個(gè)小時(shí)默默地坐著。三、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done一般過去時(shí)was/were done一般將來時(shí)shall/will be done過去將來時(shí)should/would be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/

22、is/are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done過去完成時(shí)had been done將來完成時(shí)will/would have been done含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/may be done（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用注意點(diǎn).主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞有：cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook,lock, wash 等。This knife cuts well. 這把刀好切。These books sell well. 這些書好賣。The

23、 pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well. 這種布好洗。一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式+形容詞。常見動(dòng) look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等。The apples taste good.這些蘋果嘗起來味道不錯(cuò)。這花聞起來很不錯(cuò)。The flower smells wonderful.The news proved/turned out true.這消息后來證明時(shí)真的。Co

24、tton feels soft.棉花摸起來很軟。主語+need/want/require 表示需要被的時(shí)候，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)或用不定式的被動(dòng)式。（參看第八講非謂語動(dòng)詞）The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.這車需要修理。be worth doing表示某事值得去做。（參看第八講非謂語動(dòng)詞）The Great Wall is worth visiting.長城值得一游。.常見沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞（短語）leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,la

25、ck,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to,take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, lose heartThe Second World War broke out in 1939.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1939 年。Our class consists of 50 students. 我們班由 50 個(gè)學(xué)生組成。.常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的固定句型It is believed/said /reported/hoped/supposed that據(jù)信 /

26、 據(jù)說 / 據(jù)報(bào)道 / 人們希望 / 人們認(rèn)為It must be pointed out that必須指出It is generally considered that一般認(rèn)為It is well known that大家都知道It must be admitted that 必須承認(rèn)考點(diǎn)1考查現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查As you can see, the number of cars on our roadsrising these days.A. was keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping【解析】答案為 Q為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存

27、在的狀態(tài)；也表示說話者的態(tài)度、能力或自然現(xiàn)象等等。根據(jù) as you can see這個(gè)從句中用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可判斷出主句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，keep doing表示“一直在做某事。主語是the numberof cars 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The father as well as childrenevery Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. aregoing【解析】答案為 a這個(gè)句子的主語是the father所以其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。再根據(jù)時(shí) 間狀語every Sunday afternoon in winter可判

28、斷出要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。as well as his children在句子中作狀語。This machine. It hasn t worked for years.A. didn t workB. wasn t workingC. doesn t workD.isn t working【解析】答案為 Q 這臺(tái)機(jī)器不工作(壞了)”，表示現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which the Pacific, and we met no storms.A. was

29、 calledB. is calledC. had been called D. hasbeen called【解析】答案為 B。本題的干擾源為上下文的過去時(shí)，但“被稱為太平洋”是客觀現(xiàn)狀，只 能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Look at th e timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _off at 18:20.A. takesB. tookC. will be takenD. has taken【解析】答案為 A。飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)間一般是固定時(shí)間，每次都在這個(gè)時(shí)間開。所以要用一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)。一What would you do if it tomorrow? We have to

30、carry it on, since we ve got every thing ready.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. israining【解析】答案為 B。在條件狀語從句(if, as long as, even if )中往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示 將來。 Send my regards to your lovely wife when youhome.A. wroteB. will writeC. have writtenD.write【解析】答案為 Do時(shí)間狀語從句(when, until, before, the moment)中往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

31、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查一Hr.ivc- von 視)any j(di o.lnrs?No. 1,A. waited由 h.id hc：戰(zhàn)t”irg C. have waitedD. am waiting【解析】答案為 Db句意：“有人給你提供工作了嗎？” “沒有，我在等呢?！庇矛F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行The plane時(shí)態(tài)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. tookoff【解析】答案為 Bo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示按計(jì)劃或安

32、排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。這種用法比較生動(dòng)，給人一種期待感。根據(jù)所提供的情景“ Ladies andgentlemen, please f asten your seat belts. ” 可判斷出飛機(jī)馬上要起飛了。 Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People toask how I am going to spend the money.A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning【解析】答案為 Db句意：自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們

33、不停地打電話來問我將怎樣使用這筆錢。此處的are phoning 表示“不停的打電話”。對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查一反 you -.hink 中、sboiJd ncccp-. rbn.T offer? Yes, we should, for we such bad luck up till now, and time out. A. have had; is runninglv IhuI ： : s ii：ni I ng C. have; has been run D.have had; has been run【解析】答案為A句意,”你認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該接受那個(gè)幫助嗎？是的，我們應(yīng)該接受，因?yàn)槠駷?止我

34、們一直運(yùn)氣不好，而月肺喊要用光了.因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)間狀語FU所以第f 空酸用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句意，時(shí)間應(yīng)是就要用光，快用光了金，所以第二個(gè)空用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 態(tài)，表示時(shí)1間一點(diǎn)一滴地在流逝.Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, whatworries us is that some of them are returning.A. achievedB. has achieved C. will achieveD.hadachieved【解析】答案為 B。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成

35、。根據(jù)所提供的情景what worries us is that some of them are returning可判斷出一些危險(xiǎn)的疾病已經(jīng)得到了控制，但有一些疾病又開始傳播。Dannyhard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD.worked【解析】答案為 Co根據(jù)后問now he is popular可知本題強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。So far this year we a fall in house prices by betw

36、een 5 and 10 percent.A. sawK, EEEC. had seenD. haveseen【解析】答案為d習(xí)語so far的意思是“到目前為止”，剛好與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的持續(xù)性用法（從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間）相吻合，所以通常要連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。一 you him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have; shownB. Do; showC. Had; shownD. Did;show【解析】答案為Ao題意為“你有沒有帶他參觀過博物館？是的，我們在那里過得很開心”，根據(jù)答語可判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響

37、。對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查一I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in thefinal.-I think so. He for it for months.A. is preparingE.注注prcpaiin；;C. had been preparingD.has been preparing【解析】答案為 D。由句中“for months與will 可知，prepare”的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在過 去而且到目前還在繼續(xù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一I have got a headache. No wonder. You in front of that com

38、puter too long.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD.worked【解析】答案為 G句意：你在電腦前工作的時(shí)間太長。動(dòng)作從過去開始。一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 可能還會(huì)延續(xù)下去，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I won t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he on it formore than an hour.A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked【

39、解析】答案為 A。根據(jù)后面“for more than an hour ”可知?jiǎng)幼鞒掷m(xù)一段時(shí)間而且一直在 進(jìn)行，until表明這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，句中用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來完成進(jìn) 行。句意：直到這個(gè)學(xué)生做這道數(shù)學(xué)題做了一個(gè)多小時(shí)以后，我才會(huì)告訴他答案?？键c(diǎn)2考查過去時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)一般過去時(shí)的考查He football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playing氏 LC. has playedD. had played【解析】答案為B。由句中regularly 和when he was young可知是過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣

40、性的動(dòng)作，故用一般過去時(shí)。T Judy is going to marry the sailor shein Rome last year.A. meets莊 fuelC. has metD. would meet【解析】答案為B?！坝鲆姟钡膭?dòng)作發(fā)生在“l(fā)ast year ; 故用一般過去時(shí)。The play had already been on for quite some time when we at the NewTheatre.A. have arrivedB. arrivedC. had arrivedD. arrive【解析】答案為Bo根據(jù)前面是過去完成時(shí)可知后面應(yīng)該是一般過去

41、時(shí)。兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有先后。對(duì)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn t get through. Herbrother on the phoneall the time!A. was talkingK： Lh一k i 席 C. has talkedD.talked【解析】答案為 A。句意：昨天晚上我給漢娜打過很多次電話，就是打不通。她的哥哥一直 在電話上說個(gè)不停。此處用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示過去某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng) 作。The telephone , but by the tine 1 母t in

42、d口口it stepped.A. had rungE. wf,s riiJUih；C. ringsD.has rung【解析】答案為B。由句意“電話響著，但我進(jìn)入室內(nèi)時(shí)停了?！笨芍?，該題表達(dá)的時(shí)間與過去有關(guān)，而與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。由此，排除 C D兩項(xiàng)。而如果選 A項(xiàng)，則與后面“it stopped”在邏輯上存在錯(cuò)誤。 I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident . A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; h

43、ad occurred【解析】答案為 C= occur動(dòng)作在go along 沿著（街）走”動(dòng)作進(jìn)行中發(fā)生的，所以主句 用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。句中的“when表示“這時(shí)”是解題的關(guān)鍵。句意：我正沿街走著，想找一個(gè)地方泊車，這時(shí)，事故發(fā)生了。一It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, don t mention it. I past your house anyway.（2007 北京卷）A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come【解析】答案為Ao根據(jù)題干：“

44、搭車回家”是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，排除B和D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意“不管怎么說，我反正要路過你家”故選 was coming表示過去將要。對(duì)過去完成時(shí)的考查The moment I got home, I found I my jacket?？?the phAygroijniJ.A. had left出 I ellC. have leftD. wasleaving【解析】答案為 Ao “found”為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，而“l(fā)eave”發(fā)生在“ find ”之前，故 “l(fā)eave ”須用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。一Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he d

45、id. He his old friends for a long time.A. didn t seeB. wouldn t see C. hasn t seenD.hadn t seen【解析】答案為 d在昨天以前就已經(jīng)好長時(shí)間沒看過老朋友了，所以用過去完成時(shí)。They became friends again that day. Until then, they to each other for nearly two years.A. didn t speakB. hadn t spoken C. haven t spokenD.haven t been speaking【解析】答案為

46、 B?？紤]到上文所用的時(shí)態(tài)became friends again that day和后面的時(shí)間狀語for nearly two years可知本題答案是 B 過去的過去，即：過去完成時(shí)。本題的意思是：在他們重新成為朋友之時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)兩年未說話了。 John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week,spent $3,000 more than hefor the wedding.A. will planB. has planned C. would planD.hadplanned【解析】答案為 D=根據(jù)句意可判斷出計(jì)劃花多少錢發(fā)生在

47、實(shí)際花多少錢之前，所以要用過 去完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)3考查將來時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)一般將來時(shí)的考查一 leave at the end of this month. I don t think you should do that until another job.A. Im going to; you d foundB. Im going to; you ve foundI ll; you ll findD. I ll; you d find【解析】答案為 B。時(shí)間狀語at the end of this month表示將來，所以要用一般將來時(shí),表示將來要發(fā)生的事。時(shí)間狀語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作

48、將來已經(jīng)完成，表示直到找到工作才能離開。一What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film quite early, so weD.to the bookstore after that.A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finished; are going finishes; go【解析】答案為C。上文與下文前一句均為一般將來時(shí)，說明電影未開始，故A、B兩項(xiàng)排除?！暗綍辍笔窃诳措娪爸螅鼞?yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)，故

49、D的第二空錯(cuò)誤。 Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane.A. takes offB. is taking off C. has taken offD.took off【解析】答案為Bo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。這種用法比較生動(dòng)，給人一種期待感。根據(jù)所提供的情景“ Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.“可判斷出飛機(jī)馬上就要起飛了。一Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my w

50、ork, and it won t take long.A. just finish B. am just finishingC. have just finishedam just going to finish【解析】答案為B。用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作即將完成，以示“正忙”。此題易誤選D, be goingto do表示“打算做”。對(duì)將來完成時(shí)的考查By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD.left【解析】答案為 C b

51、y后接表示將來的時(shí)間狀語要與將來完成時(shí)連用。 對(duì)過去將來時(shí)的考查一Tom, you didn t come to the party last night? I,but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had toB. didn tC. was going toD. wouldn t【解析】答案為 C was going to 表示本打算去而未去成”。In a room above the store, where a party ,some workers were busily setting the table.A. was t

52、o be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. isbeing held【解析】答案為 A be to do sth 意為“將做某事”，表示按計(jì)劃或安排做某事。根據(jù)所提供的情景“some workers were busily setting the table ”可判斷出要用過去將來時(shí)，表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。對(duì)進(jìn)來進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查一Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you? Why that early? I.A. will be sleepingB. have sleptC. have been slee

53、ping D.will sleep【解析】答案為Ao根據(jù)上文的表示將來的具體時(shí)間“ at six tomorrow morning ”應(yīng)該用進(jìn)來進(jìn)行時(shí)。一Could you meet me at the airport?I d like to , but I m afraid I a very important meeting when you return.A. will have attendedB. was attending C. am attendingD. will be attending【解析】答案為 D=你返回的那個(gè)時(shí)候，我將在參加一個(gè)重要會(huì)議?？键c(diǎn)4時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)混合考查對(duì)于

54、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的考查，解題時(shí)都可以分兩步進(jìn)行：一是根據(jù)上下文或所給時(shí)間判斷時(shí)態(tài)；二是根據(jù)該動(dòng)詞與主語之間的關(guān)系判斷語態(tài)。 I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.A. taughtY C.a Taiig T. C. are taughtD. have beentaught【解析】答案為 D=句意：我喜歡這些英語歌曲，它們在收音機(jī)里已經(jīng)被教過多次了。此處 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示結(jié)果，且應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。 I got caught in the rain and my suit.A. has ruined B. ha

55、d ruinedC. has been ruinedD.had been ruined【解析】答案為根據(jù)句意，首先應(yīng)斷定是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即“衣服被毀”；再根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序，即“先遇上雨，后衣服被毀”，故選 has been ruined 。如果選D的話， 則表示“衣服先被毀，后遇上雨”，很明顯邏輯上不對(duì)。 IfNewton lived today, he would be surprise by what in science andtechnology.A. had discovered B. had been discovered C.has discovered D. hasbeen

56、discovered【解析】答案為 D=理解句子的意思可知，前面的過去時(shí)是虛擬語氣現(xiàn)象所導(dǎo)致，所以不影 響賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。后面的意思顯然是：迄今為止在科技上的發(fā)現(xiàn)。所以用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)態(tài)。一What s that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine.A. was testedh “：| | bi,1 心 Led C. is being tested D. has beentested【解析】答案為 Q根據(jù)上文的問話“ What s that noise?”說明回話應(yīng)該是“機(jī)器正在被 檢測”所發(fā)出的噪聲，故選C項(xiàng)。一I don t su

57、ppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and now.A. has been questioned B. is being questionedC. is questioningD.has questioned【解析】答案為 Bo根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語 now可判斷出用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在 的狀態(tài)。a man是question的動(dòng)作的承受者，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示正在被審訊。He as a national hero for winning the fir

58、st gold medal for his country inthe Olympics.A. regardedK 僧.工 rcgarduiJ C. has regardedD. had beenregarded【解析】答案為 區(qū)首先可以判斷是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除A、C選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意義“他因?yàn)樵趭W林匹克里獲得了金牌而被認(rèn)為是國家的英雄?！笔恰斑^去”發(fā)生而不是“過去的過 去”所發(fā)生的事，故選 B項(xiàng)。When he turned professional at the age of 11,Mike to become a world championby his coach and parents.A.

59、 expectedB. was expectingC. was expected D. wouldbe expected【解析】答案為 Co前面的時(shí)間狀語從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，所以主句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。（教練和父母期望Mike成為一名世界冠軍，即他被期望），Mike作主語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement.A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached【解析】答案為 B。句意：在會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)，一項(xiàng)協(xié)議被宣布

60、已達(dá)成。達(dá)成協(xié)議表達(dá)為“ reach /come to /arrive at an agreement 。而協(xié)議已被達(dá)成應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不知 這一點(diǎn)容易誤選 D;而協(xié)議是在宣布之前已經(jīng)達(dá)成，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，不注意就 會(huì)誤選AoIn a room above the store, where a party,some workers were busily setting the table.A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. is being held【解析】答案為 Ao be to do sth 意為“將做某事”，表示按計(jì)劃