中考作文指導(共13頁)

1、書面(shmin)表達話題(hut)：熱點 身邊(shnbin)考查：讀題能力（審題-明確要求） 寫完整句子的能力（詞匯量水平、恰當?shù)氐辣磉_的展示）考生的作文要從四個方面考察：內容(要點齊全并到位)結構(層次清晰合邏輯) 語言(簡潔豐富且優(yōu)美) 篇幅(長短適中字跡清) 對學生寫作文段要求：語言通暢，語句連貫，層次清楚，意思正確，緊扣主題。 用詞基本恰當，句子結構完整，語法正確，邏輯性強。能正確使用常用的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關系。書寫規(guī)范，能正確地使用大小寫、字母和標點符號。寫作 “ 四步曲 ”1. 認真審題、做到三定(人稱、時態(tài)，要點)2. 確定結構、列出提綱(文章段落結構分布,過渡詞匯和部分

2、詞組句型)3. 認真寫作、注意語法(語法、句型、結構)4. 仔細檢查、認真修改(大小寫、拼寫筆誤)第一步：審題審題主題是關鍵。寫文章都不能離開主題。主題是文章所要表達的中心，是文章的靈魂主宰。如果審不清主題，就有可能出現(xiàn)“下筆千言，離題萬里”的情況。在審清主題的基礎上，還要根據(jù)題目要求注意羅列跟主題相關的要點，并審清文體。范文如“My Favorite Sport”這篇文章，中心詞是Favorite (最喜愛的)。首先，圈定大范圍是Sport (運動)；其次，關鍵還在于Favorite (最喜愛的)。如果只把所有的運動羅列一遍，就不能說是“最喜愛的”，就不切題了。第二步: 謀篇（列提綱）寫文章

3、之前列提綱可以使雜亂無章的材料變得井然有序；列提綱可以使同學們的作文緊扣主題不跑題。列提綱時不必過于詳細，可以根據(jù)題目要求，考慮你的文章分幾段，或者分幾個層次，每段的大意是什么，計劃好文章的整體結構。提綱有時可以是短語或詞組，做到明白即可。此外，還要分清主次與詳略，做到該詳則詳，該略則略，詳略得當。用適當?shù)倪B詞連接文段 My name is Tom. I am 15 years old. _ my appearances, I am tall _ I wear glasses. _ my personalities, I am shy _friendly. I have a happy fam

4、ily. There are 3 people in my family. I have lots of hobbies. _,I enjoy_singing _ collecting stamps. Now, I study in Class 22, Grade 3, Beijing National Day School. My favorite subject is math. _, I am interested in English, Chinese, physics _. I live far from school _ I usually get up at 6:00 and g

5、o to school by subway. _, I have a busy _wonderful life.補充哪些(nxi)詞組可以使你的文章更精彩:表示(biosh)喜歡：like doing, enjoy doing, be fond of doing, prefer to do表示(biosh)興趣和能力：be interested in sth, be good at doing, do well in sth., be able to do,選擇：prefer A to B, prefer doing A to doing B, would rather do A than d

6、o B, Do A instead of doing B,其他：spend time doing, keep doing, cant help doing, make sb. adj/do, put this love to good use by doing 概括歸納in short,簡言之 generally speaking,一般來說in conclusion, 最后（總結性觀點） in general,一般說來in a word /in all,總之 in my opinion,在我看來以上短語一般都用于句首，且后面有逗號例句： HYPERLINK /in/ In HYPERLINK

7、/my/ my HYPERLINK /opinion/ opinion, we should put more money HYPERLINK /in/ in advertisement. 先后順序First second third then/next after that finally/at last上述側重時間或步驟方面的先后順序，last but not least(更強調重要性)最后也是最重要的例如： HYPERLINK /last/ Last HYPERLINK /but/ but HYPERLINK /not/ not HYPERLINK /least/ least, we m

8、ust thank our host for his hospitality. HYPERLINK /最后/ 最后而且同樣重要的,我們得感謝主人的熱情好客。遞進in addition，此外， Besides，此外，加之Moreover/furthermore, whats more，而且，以上三個一般用于句首，并且后常有逗號 HYPERLINK /what/ Whats HYPERLINK /more/ more, he is not a hard-working student. 更為甚者，他不是一個用功的學生。解釋說明in fact 實際上，其實 as a matter of fact，事

9、實上，Actually，實際上， in other words，換句話說，that is to say，就是說以上通常都用于句首并用逗號和后面的句子分開 HYPERLINK /in/ In HYPERLINK /fact/ fact, execution is everything. HYPERLINK /實際/ 實際上，執(zhí)行才最關鍵。 HYPERLINK /in/ In HYPERLINK /other/ other HYPERLINK /words/ words, she must give up singing. HYPERLINK /that/ That HYPERLINK /is/

10、is HYPERLINK /to/ to HYPERLINK /say/ say, our efforts should produce practical results. 就 HYPERLINK /是/ 是 HYPERLINK /說/ 說，我們的工作要扎實，效果要實實在在。轉折對比butHowever，Or/otherwise，否則(fuz)Although與though為從句(cn j)中的連詞，故運用(ynyng)時應該還有主句例如：They went swimming, HYPERLINK /although/ although it was raining. Instead相反(可

11、放句首也可放句末，區(qū)別請看例句)例如： HYPERLINK /instead/ Instead, he tries to help them. 或 He tries to help them instead.結果So+句子后沒有逗號Therefore(因此)，+句子后有逗號as a result, 結果，例如： HYPERLINK /as/ As HYPERLINK /a/ a HYPERLINK /result/ result , no one knew who I was. so(后修飾形容詞)that, such(后修飾名詞)thatHis car is so expensive tha

12、t I cant afford it.He has such an expensive car that we cant believe that he can afford it.Logical connections between sentences:填上合理的連接詞Your suggestion is thoughtful. _, it is practical. _, it is a good suggestion.The village used to be very poor. _, it has changed a lot since 1978.Red is attractiv

13、e. Many restaurants, _, have red furniture or walls.I didnt go to the party with them. _, I went to help an old lady with her housework.As a popular saying goes, “Time is money.” _, time is more precious than money.謀篇實例（列提綱）電腦游戲可使人放松，但有些同學沉迷于其中，貽誤了學業(yè)，所以學校要以“Should you stop playing it?”作為征文的題目，來勸諫那些沉

14、迷于游戲的學生們。請你寫一篇征文，內容包括：如實反映出周圍同學玩游戲的情況，說明過度玩游戲的危害，并表明你的態(tài)度1.第三人稱和第一人稱 2.現(xiàn)在時3.要點開頭：周圍同學玩游戲的情況spenddoing, 第三人稱，一般現(xiàn)在時正文：過度玩游戲的危害(學習,健康,時間,家人朋友等) sothat, be bad for，動名詞結尾：你的態(tài)度或希望 I dont think, in my opinion第三步：落筆（寫全文）寫作時盡量做到一鼓作氣，一氣呵成。一定要切題，抓住要點。題目要求的內容一定要寫進去，以保證內容的完整。寫作時要注意語法正確、用詞得當、語言地道。書寫時要多套用句型，多用短句。第四

15、步：檢查修改好文章是改出來的。要提高英語寫作水平，除了準確遣詞造句、嚴謹布局外，文章的修改(xigi)也是很重要的一步。文章寫好后，要經過反復修改潤色，才能措辭準確、句子流暢，結構嚴謹，因此修改文章是提高寫作水平的有效方法。用詞(yn c)方面代詞(dic)的格和指代關系是否應用正確？名詞的單復數(shù)正確與否？動詞的搭配是否準確？形容詞的比較級和最高級用得是否對？副詞的位置是否恰當？句子方面句型結構是否完整？主謂人稱是否一致？時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣是否正確？連句運用是否自然恰當？ 篇章方面文章主題是否準確？文章內容是否充實，要點有無遺漏？文章的文體及所用的組織方法是否恰當？全文篇幅比例是否恰當？（前松后

16、緊？前緊后松？）細節(jié)方面單詞拼寫及大小寫字母是否正確？標點的使用是否正確？ 作文備忘錄1. 開頭、結尾要簡潔、完整2. 詞匯豐富、語言優(yōu)美。3. 有過渡性語言，如連詞。4. 句式多樣, 爭取用復合句。5. 書寫、標點了解“差作文”的種種“劣跡”， 以防萬一！*不通順， “三無”：無段落、無結構、無明顯主題；*笑料多，出現(xiàn)很多基本語法錯誤，拼寫錯誤；*不達意，詞匯量小，詞不達意，缺乏英語表達能力；*亂堆砌，不像一篇文章，僅是把一些不連貫的 詞語拼湊到一起。寫作訓練 “真題至上”：練習時寫透真題，可以多角度作文，一文多寫，提高對題目應對能力。另外，注意限時、限詞數(shù)練習，形成對時間和詞數(shù)的感覺。“句

17、型為王”：句子是表達完整含義的最小單位，“手中有句，寫作不慌”。寫作時 “自造句”和“模板句”搭配，自造句以簡單句為主，注意句型多樣化，展示駕馭長句子的能力。作文中必須有模板句，這是體現(xiàn)文采最簡單的方式?！般暯?xinji)流暢”連句成文(chngwn)時，緊湊連貫是高分作文的共性。最簡單的增加文章(wnzhng)連貫性的方法是加入銜接性的細節(jié)和各種連接詞來體現(xiàn)文章邏輯，有意識地在作文中使用also, but so, first等連接詞，會使文章更符合英文表達法?！暗鬅o過”：寫作中大量明顯的拼寫、語法錯誤是分數(shù)“毒藥”。應對方法一是在考場“用熟不用生”，盡量使用自己熟悉的表達，不拿考試做生僻

18、表達的試驗田；二是考前專門練習檢查、總結易犯錯誤，比如作文中最常出現(xiàn)的拼寫和動詞形式錯誤。這樣在考場上有針對性地查錯，自然有的放矢，事半功倍?！凹毠?jié)決定成敗”：人是情感動物，卷面整潔從某種意義上講甚至比內容更重要。單詞書寫應避免“隨手大寫”，句子書寫應重視標點符號，要避免“隨手句號”。書寫要整齊美觀。英語作文萬能句子 段首句1. 關于人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _.2. 俗話說（常言道），它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適

19、用。 There is an old saying_. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 現(xiàn)在，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，；其次，。更為糟糕的是。 Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes things worse is that_.4. 現(xiàn)在，很普遍，許多人喜歡，因為，另外（而且）。Nowad

20、ays，it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides，_. 5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 關于人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說），在他們看來， Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.

21、To them,_. 7已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。( ) has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 8在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重的問題。( ) has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot o

22、f benefits but has created some serious problems as well9人類正面臨著一個嚴重(ynzhng)的問題，這個問題(wnt)變得越來越嚴重。Man is now facing a big problem ( ) which is becoming more and more serious.1、“如今(rjn)，人們普遍認為.,但是我懷疑.。Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that., but I wonder that.2、“如同硬幣的正反面，.也有積極的一面和消極的一面。Like a

23、coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to.3、“近來，.的問題已經成為人們注目的焦點?！?Currently, the issue of .has been brought to public attention4、“隨著.的快速增長，.在日常生活中已經變得越來越重要。Along with the rapid growth of .,.has become increasingly important in our daily5. We re often told that .But is t

24、his really the case ?我們經常被告知.但事實真是這樣嗎？6. People used to .however , things are quite different today .過去，人們習慣.但,今天的情況有很大的不同。7.some people think that .Others believe that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both sidesBut we must realize that .一些人認為.另一些人持相反意見。也許雙方的觀點都有一定道理。但是我們必須認識到.

25、8.Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution .認識到問題是找到解決辦法的第一步。9. It is another new and bitter truth we must learn to face .這是一個我們必須學會面對的痛苦的新情況。10. In short , we must work hard to make the world a better place .簡而言之，為了把世界變成更美好的地方，我們必須勤奮工作。11.Lost time is never found again.歲月既往，一去不

26、回。12.Everybody should have a dream.每個人都該有個夢想.13.Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望,做最壞的打算。14.Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。15.Lets look on the bright side.讓我們往好處想吧。1. 重點句型1). Its adj for sb to do 做對某人來說2). so that 如此 以至于 too to do 太 而不能such that 如此(rc) 以至于3). notuntil 直到(

27、zhdo)才例: I didnt go to bed until my mother came back.4).The reason why + 句子(j zi) is that + 句子 的原因是The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie. ( 他生氣的原因是她對他說了謊。)5). That is why + 句子 那是的原因6). That is because + 句子 那是因為7). It is said that + 句子 據(jù)說It is reported that + 句子 據(jù)報道8). There is no d

28、oubt that + 句子 毫無疑問9). It goes without saying that + 句子 不言而喻，毫無疑問10). There is no need to do沒必要做11). There is no point in doing 做某事毫無意義2. 提建議had better (not) do 最好(不)做how about / what about doing 怎么樣?I think you should do 我認為你應該I suggest that you should do 我建議你做If I were you, I would do我要是你的話，我會做Its

29、 best to do 最好做Why not do / why dont you do? 為什么不3. 表示喜歡和感興趣like / love doingenjoy doingbe fond of doing 喜歡做be keen on n/doing 喜歡做prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做A也不愿做Bbe interested in doing = show/ take great interest in n / doing 感興趣4. .努力做try to do努力做strive to do 努力做try ones best to do= do one

30、s best to do 竭盡全力做make efforts to do = make every effort to do 盡力做do what sb can (do ) to do 盡力做spare no effort to do 不遺余力的做do what / everything sb. can to do 盡某人全力做5. 打算做 / 計劃做intend / plan to do 打算做be going to do 打算/計劃做decide to do 決定做determine to do決定做be determined to do決定做make up ones mind to do

31、下定決心做6. 表示(biosh)想/希望(xwng)want to do = would like to do 想做hope to do 希望(xwng)做expect to do 期待著做wish to do 希望做consider doing 考慮做7. 只加doing 作賓語的動詞finish 完成/ practice 練習 / suggest建議 / consider 考慮 / mind 介意 / enjoy 喜歡doing固定搭配look forward to doing 盼望做keep on doing 堅持做dream of doing 夢想做cant help doing 情

32、不自禁地做keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做be busy (in ) doing be busy with + 名詞 忙于做spend time / money (in )doing spend time / money on + 名詞 花費時間做have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得開心have trouble / have problem / have difficulty (in) doing 或 with + 名詞 做有困難 30個經典名言警句常用的名言警句1. Act

33、ions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯?2. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難朋友才是真朋友?3. A good beginning is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半?4. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成?5. All roads lead to Rome. 條條大道通羅馬?6. Easier said than done. 說起來容易,做起來難?7. Easy come, easy go. 來得快,去得快?8. Every man ha

34、s his weak side. 人人都有缺點?9. Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母?10. Look before you leap. 三思而后行?11. Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上無難事,只怕有心人?12. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人若無友,就如同生命中沒有太陽?13. All things are difficult before they are easy. 萬

35、事開頭難?14. Always prepare for a rainy day. 未雨綢繆?15. As you sow, so shall you reap. 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆?16. I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. 成功要靠三件事才能贏得:努力,努力,再努力?17. Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 有事(yu sh)莫推明天?

36、18. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧(sh nng shng qio)?19. Bad news has wings. 好事不出門,壞事(hui sh)傳千里?20. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以誠信為本?21. You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success. 你必須相信自己,這是成功的關鍵?22. Dont judge a man by his looks. 不可以貌取人?常用過渡語23. 表起始的過渡語:first of all, to begin wit

37、h, in my opinion, according to, so far, as far as等?24. 表時間的過渡語:first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally, afterwards, after that, since then, for the first time, at last, as soon as, the next moment, meanwhile, later on, soon, finally等?25. 表空間的過渡語:on the right/left, to the right/left of, on

38、one side of on the other side of, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle/centre of, next to, far from, in front of等?26. 表因果的過渡語:for, because of, one reason is that another reason is that, thus, so, as a result (of)等?27. 表轉折的過渡語:but, yet, however, after all, in fact, while, on the contrary, instead of

39、, unlike, although, otherwise,nevertheless, in spite of, after all等?28. 表列舉的過渡語:for example, such as, that is, like, as follows, in other words, and so on等?29. 表推進的過渡語:whats more, on one hand on the other hand, in addition to, as well, still, also, in other words, not onlybut also, besides, furtherm

40、ore, moreover等?30. 表總結的過渡語:in short, in a word, in general, in brief, in all, on the whole等?開頭經典句子1. 不用說 It goes without saying that = (It is) needless to say (that) .= It is obvious that .例：不用說早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2. 在各種之中， Among various kinds of , /= Of

41、all the , 例在各種運動中我尤其喜歡慢跑。Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.3. 就我的看法；我認為In my opinion, = To my mind, .= As far as I am concerned, = I am of the opinion that .例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.就我的看法(kn f)打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健

42、康。4. 隨著人口(rnku)的增加 With the increase/growth of the population, 隨著(su zhe)科技的進步 With the advance of science and technology, 例：With the rapid development of Taiwans economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.隨著臺灣經濟的快速發(fā)展許多社會問題產生了。5. 是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that 是重要的 It is import

43、ant/essential (for sb.) to do / that 是適當?shù)?It is proper (for sb.) to do / that 是緊急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that 例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.我們應當保持公共場所清潔。6. 花費 spend on sth. / doing sth. 例：我們不應該在我們不感興趣的事情上花太多的

44、時間。We shouldnt spend too much time on something we arent interested in.7. how 引導的感嘆句例：那至少可以證明你很誠實。At least it will prove how honest you are.8. 狀語從句A) 如果你不，你就會 If you dont ., youll .例If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance.如果你不堅持努力工作，你就會失去這次機會。B) 如此 ，以至于 so that 例：At that moment, I was s

45、o upset that I wanted to give up.當時，我非常傷心，最后都想放棄了。C) 每當我聽到我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear , I cannot but feel excited.每當我做我就忍不住感到悲傷。 Whenever I do , I cannot but feel sad.每當我想到我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of , I cannot but feel nervous.每當我遭遇我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with , I cannot but feel frightened.每當我看到

46、我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see , I cannot but feel surprised.例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.每當我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲傷。9. 賓語從句我認為， / 我認為不 I think / I dont think that 我想知道是否 I wonder w

47、hether 例：He doesnt think I should stop him joining the club.他認為我不應該阻止他參加這個俱樂部。10. Since + S + 過去式, S + 現(xiàn)在完成式.例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自從(zcng)他上高中，他就一直很用功。No rose without a thorn. 玫瑰都有刺。（沒有(mi yu)十全十美）Content is happiness. 知足常樂(zh z chng l)。Happiness is always a

48、round us.幸福都在我們周圍。Love, give me happiness. There is still a long way for me to run. I believe that working hard will bring me a bright future; we will be the happiest people. 愛，給我幸福。 我還有很長的路要走。我堅信努力工作能給我?guī)砉饷鞯那巴?，我們將會是最幸福的人。Our happiness is from everything in life. 我們的幸福來自于生活中的每一件事。Our world is full o

49、f happiness. 世界上充滿了幸福。Everybody is eager to happiness, The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are love parents.人人都渴望得到幸福，生活中，最高的幸福就是擁有對父母的愛。This is a small thing, but in my heart it is a big happiness.這雖然只是一件小事，但是在我的心里卻是一個很大的幸福。Two brainstorming can usually think better than one and

50、 faster, too. 三個臭皮匠賽過諸葛亮。 Mothers love is like a circle, it has no beginning and no ending.母愛像一個圈，它沒有起點也沒有終點。Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。 Time waits for no man. 時間不等人。It is easy to say things, but it is difficult to do them. / Easier said than done. 說起來容易做起來難。No pains, no gains. 沒有付出，就沒有回報。 There are many beautiful flowers in the world, but in parents eyes, their children are the most beautiful of all.世界上有許多漂亮的花，但是在父母(fm)的眼里，他們的孩子是最漂亮的。 As the saying goes, you d