英語標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用課件

1、英語標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用Punctuation一個英國牧師為了表達(dá)自己不愛穿牧師制服的想法，便對大家說：I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from my fellowman 我不愿穿任何使我顯得與眾不同的衣服。 I will wear no clothes， which will distinguish me from my fellowmen 我什么衣服都不穿，這樣就會使我顯得與眾不同了。 了解一下非限制性定語從句的翻譯His father who is a teather is fifty years old this year.H

2、is father ,who is a teather ,is fifty years old this year.他那個是教師的爸爸今年五十歲了。他爸爸今年五十歲了，他是個教師。 有沒有逗號,語意不一樣。What a cat! 多好的一只貓呀! What，a cat! 什么，一只貓? Mary says Tess is the most beautiful actress in Paris 瑪麗說苔絲是巴黎最美的女演員。Mary，says Tess，is the most beautiful actress in Paris苔絲說，瑪麗是巴黎最美的女演員。He is , too，sorry

3、to do it He is too sorry to do it Do you know her father? Do you know her，father? 他做這件事心里也很難受。他心里太難受了，無法做這件事。 你認(rèn)識她父親？父親，你認(rèn)識她嗎?標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號位置不同，語意不一樣。The woman thinks，her husband will come back soon The woman，thinks her husband，will come back soon 這個女人認(rèn)為，她丈夫會很快回家。這女人的丈夫認(rèn)為，女人會很快回家。He gave me twenty-five dolla

4、r billsHe gave me twenty five-dollar billsIn the class there are ten students who speakEnglish very wellIn the class there are ten students，who speak English very well這個班有10個學(xué)生，他們的英語說得很好。他給了我25元鈔票。他給了我20張5元的鈔票。這個班有10個英語說得很好的學(xué)生。 The teacher left the students feeling very depressed 老師離開了感到沮喪的學(xué)生們。 The

5、teacher left the students，feeling very depressed. 老師離開了這些學(xué)生，感到很沮喪。 Sitting on a stone , a dog is running beside him. 分詞做狀語其邏輯主語與句子的主語必須一致。坐在一塊石頭上，一條狗從他旁邊跑過。錯英漢標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號對照表 漢語標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號 英語標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號句號。 Period 逗號 ， comma ，分號 ； semicolon ；冒號 ： colon ：問號 ? question mark ?感嘆號 ! Exclamation mark !引號(雙) “ ” quotation mark(

6、double)“ ”(單) (single) 括號 ( ) parenthesis ( )省略號 ellipsis 破折號 dash 頓號 、 comma ，兼此功能書名號 斜體印刷 Hyphen 一 (連詞號) Apostrophe (省字號)MrGreen is from England he teaches English in a middle school he speaks some Chinese but not much he goes to Chinese classes every week he likes working in China very much he sa

7、ys the Chinese people are very friendly he has a son and a daughter they go to school here too but to a different school 1句號不同 （譯成漢語注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)）格林先生來自英國。他在一所中學(xué)教英語。他會說些漢語。但不多。他每星期去上漢語課。他非常喜歡在中國工作。他說中國人民非常友好。他有一個兒子和一個女兒。他們也在這里上學(xué)。但是不在同一個學(xué)校?！皝碜杂焙汀敖逃⒄Z”是一個意思，“講漢語”和“上漢語課”是一個意思， “在中國工作”和“非常友好”可作為一個意思，“有一個兒子和一個女兒

8、”與“不在一個學(xué)?！笔且粋€意思，屬于一個意思的句子才用句號。格林先生來自英國，在一所中學(xué)教英語。 他會說些漢語，但不多，每星期去上漢語課。 他非常喜歡在中國工作，說中國人非常友好。 他有一個兒子和一個女兒，也在這里上學(xué)，但不在同一個學(xué)校。英語句號除了 (1) 表達(dá)一個意思外，還表示一個(2)句子的停頓，只要這個句子(3) 主謂語都有，在語法上是個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句子，一般都可以用句號。 英語句號漢可以表達(dá)縮寫，省略詞Kg. 公斤 A. m. 上午n. 名詞pron. 代詞 ie. 即etc. 等等No. 第 Mr. 先生U.S.A. 美國 2逗號不同英語逗號表示很短的停頓 (1)相當(dāng)于漢語的頓號“、”，用

9、在多個并列詞之間。 There are 5 people in my family：my wife，my father，my mother, my son and I.He likes bread，milk，sugar and fruits (2)復(fù)合句連詞之前、兩個分句之間用逗號。 He can speak English， but not so much This is Jack，and that is Tom.(3)位于句首的直接引語之后?！癐m very sorry，”said John. “Im very sorry”said John John said, “Im very sor

10、ry.”“Mum，”said Harry，“This is my classmate John” 正確錯誤錯誤正確判斷正誤：“Mum，come over，”said Harry“This is my classmate John正確“媽媽，過來!”哈里說：“這是我同學(xué)約翰?！?(4)用于稱呼語、轉(zhuǎn)折副詞、插入句等一些獨(dú)立成分后面，如： Hi，every body大家好!信開頭或開會的稱呼語，提醒別人注意。 Dear Sir or Madams，親愛的先生或女士： 注：譯成漢語時(shí)，逗號變成冒號。 3冒號不同英語冒號表示的停頓要比逗號長，表明下面要有事物列舉。如： Please buy me so

11、me fruits：apples oranges，grapes and bananasHe said：“she is learning Chinese” He said，“She is learning Chinese”錯誤正確英語在引用說話內(nèi)容時(shí)，“說”后面一般應(yīng)用逗號。而漢語則用冒號。引語中的第一個字母應(yīng)大寫。 英語say后面若用冒號，表明說話的人態(tài)度非常嚴(yán)肅，或是引語的內(nèi)容很正式。4分號不同英語分號表示停頓要比逗號長，但比冒號短。常用于幾個關(guān)系較為密切的分句之間，或用于被列舉較長、中間含有逗號的事物名稱之后。如： Dont use my pen；it doesnt work Dont u

12、se my pen；It doesnt work 正確錯誤別用我的鋼筆，筆壞了。 注意：第二分句第一字母不能大寫。 5 . 問號、感嘆號、破折號英漢幾乎相同，只是英語的破折號比漢語短一半。6. 引號用法英漢基本相同，但表達(dá)書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱時(shí)，英語沒有漢語的書名號“”，英語用斜體字、下劃線、或者用引號來表示，名稱里每一個詞的第一個字母要大寫。 The books called “A New English-Chinese Dictionary” sell well.The books called A New English-Chinese Dictionary sell well 如引號內(nèi)還需

13、引號，可用單引號： “I have seen the film Gone With Wind,” she said “我看過電影飄。”她說。7. 漢語里沒有連字符，連字符常用于英語合成詞中，如： father-in-law 岳父 用在呼叫語中時(shí)，相當(dāng)于漢語的破折號， 如： “He-e-elp!” she cried “救-命-呵!”她喊道。有沒有連字符，詞義不一樣 green house綠色的房子 dark room黑暗的房間green-house溫室 dark-room 暗室green room綠色的房間 resign 辭職green-room演員休息室 re-sign 再簽署9. 英漢省略

14、號長短不同，英語是三個點(diǎn)，漢語是六個點(diǎn)，用法一樣，如： thankfor. 因感謝8. 省字符“ ”是漢語中沒有的，常表示所有格、省略，如： teachers book教師用書 dont 不 Im 我是 99 1999Contents: 句號（Full Stop / Period） 問號（Question Mark） 感嘆號（Exclamation Mark） 逗號（Comma） 冒號（Colon） 分號（Semicolon） 連字符（Hyphen） 破折號（Dash） 引號（Quotation Marks） 撇號（Apostrophe）省略號（Ellipsis）句號（Full Stop /

15、Period）用于陳述句、語氣溫和的祈使句或客氣的問句后。用于間接引語之后。用于某些縮略語、小數(shù)點(diǎn)之后。表示序列的字母或數(shù)字之后。 Lets go to the movies. May we hear from you soon. 問號（Question Mark）用于疑問句或語氣較委婉的祈使句之后。用來表示存疑或無把握。用于陳述句之后表示疑問。用于插入式問句表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 What can I do for you? This vase dates back to 600 ? BC. Im the one to be blame for the mess? He was so tired is

16、that true? that he wont come. 感嘆號（Exclamation Mark）表示感慨、驚訝、命令、哀怨、贊賞、決心等。用于感嘆詞之后。 How time flies！ Be quiet! Oh! Fire! Please leave alone! God, youve finished your task!逗號（Comma）用于分割并列成分，相當(dāng)于漢語中的頓號作用。用于分割并列句中的分句。用于分割對比或?qū)φ粘煞?。用于分割非限定性定于從句、同?語、或附加說明成分。用于分隔附加疑問句或選擇疑問句。用于分割直接引語及導(dǎo)語。用于分割句首狀語、插入語等。用于分割日期、數(shù)字、地

17、點(diǎn)、人名 與職銜等、（信件）呼語等。例句：Were tired, thirsty and hungry.We must hurry up, otherwise, we will miss the bus.No pain, no gain.He wants us, you and me, to go to his place tomorrow.John didnt take it, did he?Mr. Green said, “Please call on us.”Frankly, thats all the money I have.He left on July 20, 2008, for

18、 a trip around the world.David Smith, Ph.D.冒號（Colon）冒號用于對后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋 用于一個正式的引用之前。 也可用于商業(yè)或正式信函的稱謂后面. 冒號用于數(shù)字時(shí)間的表示. 冒號用于主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題之間. This is her plan: go shopping. The professor said: “It was horrible.” 4:45 p.m Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data 分號（Semicolon）用于并列分句之間。分隔已經(jīng)有逗號分割的成分，以免導(dǎo)致歧義。用于由f

19、or example, for instance, namely, that is (to say), in fact, i.e.,等詞語引導(dǎo)的句子之前。 Your bike is new; mine is old. Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge. His sister is a busy girl; in fact, she works harder than he does.連字符（Hyphen）用于某些前綴后和構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞

20、。Job-hunting構(gòu)成某些復(fù)合數(shù)字（100以下的數(shù)字應(yīng)用單詞寫出，不可用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字代替） twenty-one;during the years 1949-1999 用于移行, 一般按音節(jié)間斷開單詞加連字號（例如：ha-ppy,不可斷為hap-py）,或根據(jù)發(fā)音,不要把單個字母留在行尾或行首。注意一頁中最后一個單詞不能使用連字號將其置于兩頁。破折號（Dash）用于話語突然中斷、意思轉(zhuǎn)折或猶豫不決。用作解釋。用于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。引出概括性詞語或表示引文出處。用于兩地名或兩時(shí)間之間，相當(dāng)于連字號。 破折號（Dash） “Id like to,” he said, “but Im ” Money,

21、 fame, power these are his goals in life. What he needed most he never got love. London New York flight引號（Quotation Marks）引用書面或口頭的直接引語。引用事物的名稱。引用俚語、反語、定義、詞形等。引用對話。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 引號（Quotation Marks） Bob said, “Lets meet at my house next time.” Have you read the novel “Flying”? How do you spell the word “souve

22、nir”? “Did you have a great time last night?”撇號（Apostrophe）省字符。表示某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示名詞的所有格。 youd better = you had better cause = because the class of 09 = the class of 2009 todays news, a friend of my fathers 省略號（Ellipsis）表示詞語或句子的有意省略。表示斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、停頓、猶豫不決。表示沒有說完的話語。用以分割詞組，加強(qiáng)語氣。 “the book is lovely and well wri

23、tten.” “Tell mother I died for my country.” Do it soon Do it today Do it now. “I dont know I dont know.”中英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的差異 漢語中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號為英語所沒有。 頓號（、）：頓號在漢語中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英語中沒有頓號，分割句中的并列成分多用逗號。如： She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box. 注意： 類似的情況下，最后一個逗號后可加and，這個逗號也可省略-She slowly, carefully(,) and de

24、liberately moved the box. 間隔號：漢語有間隔號，用在月份和日期、音譯的名和姓等需要隔開的詞語的正中間，如一二九、奧黛麗赫本（人名）等。英語中沒有漢語的間隔號，需要間隔時(shí)多用逗點(diǎn)。 書名號（）：英文沒有書名號，書名、報(bào)刊名用斜體或者下劃線表示。如： Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Winters Tale / Winters Tale 冬天的童話 The New York Times / The New York Times 紐約時(shí)報(bào) 另外，英語中文章、詩歌、樂曲、電影、繪畫等的名稱和交通工具、航天器等的專有名詞也常用斜體來表示。 英語中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號為漢語所沒有。 撇號-Ap

25、ostrophe（） 連字號-Hyphen（-） 斜線號Virgule or Slash（/）：該符號主要起分割作用。 It could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于標(biāo)音，如bed /bed/。 某些符號在漢英兩種語言中的形式不同。 中文的句號是空心圈（。） 英文的句號是實(shí)心點(diǎn)（.）。 英文的省略號是三個點(diǎn)（.），位置在行底；中文的為六個點(diǎn)（.），居于行中。 英文的破折號是（ ） 中文的是（）COMMAPunctuation6 Functions of Comma1. As introducer -used after introductory wo

26、rds, phrases or clausesWords However, the new law was largely ignored by the public.Phrases After a long vacation, he returned to work.Clauses Since he have no money, we can not buy it.Appositives Tom, a friend of mine will see to it. 6 Functions of Comma2. As coordinator -used between two independe

27、nt clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions and, but, yet, or, for, nor, and so.6 Functions of Comma3. As linker -used to connect items in a series; to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed; to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.6 F

28、unctions of Comma4. As inserter -used before and after an inserted element of a sentence.The new law, however, was largely ignored by the public.6 Functions of Comma5. As Linker -used to connect items in a series; to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed

29、; to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.6 Functions of Comma6. As separator -used to separate digits, except telephone numbers, ZIP numbers, house number, and the like; to prevent misreading and misunderstanding.In the morning, light began to flood our room.Comma SplicePunctuation

30、Comma spliceA comma splice (error, fault, or blunder) occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses.Five ways to correct a comma splice1). to add a coordinating conjunction following the comma;2). to add a subordinating conjunction, making the second clause depend on the first;Five way

31、s to correct a comma splice3). to use a semicolon instead;4). to use a period instead;5). to use a semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb like indeed, therefore, nevertheless, and however.Wrong sentenceI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling, his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned

32、to like poetry when I read Kipling, for his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling, because his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling; his strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry

33、when I read Kipling. His strong rhythms appealed to me.CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling; indeed, his strong rhythms appealed to me.SemicolonPunctuationUsing semicolon is not difficult if we remember that a semicolon is more like a period than a comma. It is a very strong punct

34、uation.Semicolon are used in three ways.1. Between two sentences that are closely connected in idea, or independent clauses when they are not joined by the coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, or and nor.When angry, count four; when very angry, swear.Computer using is increasing; computer crime

35、is, too.2. Before sentence connectors and some transitional phrases ( however, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, that is, in fact etc.).You have to return all the books within two weeks; otherwise, you cant borrow any more books.3. Between items in a series when any of the item listed already conta

36、ins commas, or when the clause-items are long.The year is divided into four seasons: spring, the green season; summer, the red season; autumn, the golden season; winter, the white season.The conference, short as it was, gave us the fact we needed; and at dinner that night, we shared opinions, questi

37、ons, and conclusions about the labor dispute.colonPunctuationUsing a colon at the end of an independent clause focuses attention on the words following the colon. After a colon, we often write lists, appositives, and direct quotations.Before listsUse a colon to introduce a list.Libraries have two ki

38、nds of periodicals: bound periodicals and current periodicals.I need the following groceries: eggs, milk, and coffee.Caution1. Do not use a colon to introduce a list after the verb to be unless you add the following or as follows.Wrong sentenceTo me, the most important things in life are: good healt

39、h, a happy home life, and a satisfying occupation.CorrectionsTo me, the most important things in life are good health, a happy home life, and a satisfying occupation.CorrectionsTo me, the most important things in life are the following: good health, a happy home life, and a satisfying occupation.Caution2. Do not use a colon after a preposition. Use a colon only at the end of an independent clause.Wrong sentenceAfter a long day at work, I look forward to: enjoying a quiet dinner at home, playing with my children, and watching a little TV.CorrectionsAfter a lo