《英語語音基礎教程》課件語調(diào)

1、語調(diào)什么是語調(diào)語調(diào)即說話的腔調(diào)，是指句子的“調(diào)子”，是句子的音調(diào)高低抑揚輕重的配置和變化。英語的語調(diào)主要體現(xiàn)在重讀音節(jié)和要強調(diào)的內(nèi)容上。語調(diào)的基本種類英語中有五種基本語調(diào)：升調(diào)（）、降調(diào)（）、升降調(diào)（）、降升調(diào)（）和平調(diào)（）。一、升調(diào)升調(diào)表示詢問、驚訝、請求、邀請、求情、勸告、問候等，常用于一般疑問句。以升調(diào)結束的句子顯得更委婉、更禮貌、更親切。1. 用于一般疑問句中一般疑問句就是需要用“yes”或“no”來回答的疑問句，表達不確定或疑問的語氣，如：Are you sure? Can you understand? Does Mary like singing English songs? I

2、s this your school bag? Have they finished their homework on time? 2. 用于陳述句中升調(diào)用于陳述句或以陳述句式發(fā)問時，表示請求、道歉、關心、安慰、評論等，語氣較為委婉，如：I beg your pardon. Excuse me. Feel better? That will be OK. He looks like a bear. 3. 用于問候語中朋友、熟人之間熱情地相互問候、打招呼、道謝、道別時，或者表示活潑的語氣、熱情的態(tài)度時用升調(diào)，如：Good morning. Thanks . Good night. How ar

3、e you? Hi, Mr. Green. 4. 用于稱呼語中表示稱呼的部分，放在句首、句中時讀升調(diào)，但其后面部分的語調(diào)要視情況而定，如：John , what are you doing?Ladies and gentlemen , good evening!Mother , where is my shoes?Hey , boys and girls , lets play a game.Well , father , will you go with me?注意：稱呼語在句末時，其語調(diào)常根據(jù)前面句子的語調(diào)變化而變化。當前面部分是陳述句時，稱呼語讀降調(diào)；當前面部分是問句時，則讀升調(diào)。但一般

4、以升調(diào)結束表示更委婉、更禮貌、更親切，如：I love you , mother. Be careful , Peter. Whats this , Bob ?Are you ready , baby ?Will you go with me , father ?Long time no see , Lucy. No , sir. 二、降調(diào)降調(diào)表示陳述、詢問、建議、命令等，一般用在完整的陳述句、感嘆句、祈使句和帶有疑問詞的特殊疑問句中。1. 用于陳述句中在陳述句中，說話者表述的是個人的判斷或者意見，不需要征求對方的反應，一般是比較確定的口氣，因此常用降調(diào)來表達，如：I like fishing

5、 very much. You cant please everyone. There are many people in the street. The early bird catches the worm. The weather in Beijing is much colder than that of Guangzhou in winter. 2. 用于感嘆句中感嘆句可以表達說話人驚訝、贊嘆、喜悅等心情和語氣，體現(xiàn)說話人對一件事或一個物體的主觀判斷或看法。因此，這類句型主要用降調(diào)來表達，如： How beautiful! How clever he is! Good idea!

6、What a nice day! Happy birthday! 3. 用于祈使句中祈使句表達說話人命令、建議、告誡等語氣，其語氣沒有在表示請求時的語氣委婉，所以朗讀或表達這類句子時多用降調(diào)，如：Stand up! Cheers ！Dont play games on the street! Do it as I tell you! Congratulations on your first job! 4. 用于特殊疑問中特殊疑問句就是用what, who, which, when, where, how, why, how long 等疑問詞引導的疑問句，這種疑問句不能用“yes” 或“no

7、”來回答。降調(diào)用于特殊疑問句句末，也用于對疑問句的答句，如：（1）What are you drawing? I am drawing a cat. （2）Who is your favourite teacher? Mr. Li is my favourite teacher. （3）How old is your sister? She is six. 5. 用于問候語中前面提到了問候語中用升調(diào)，但在正式、客氣的問候或道謝等情況下一般要用降調(diào)，如：Good morning. How do you do? How are you? Thank you very much. 三、升降調(diào)升降調(diào)常

8、表示強烈、驚奇、不耐煩、自信、得意、歡快或不確定等語氣，常用于選擇疑問句、簡單句和復合句中。1. 用于選擇疑問句中選擇疑問句就是句子中列出兩個或兩個以上的成分，并用or 連接，表示選擇關系。朗讀時，or 前面的部分用升調(diào)，后面的部分用降調(diào)。如： Is this an orange or a lemon ? Which language do you like best, Chinese , Japanese or English ? Will you come today or tomorrow ? Shall I read this book or draw a picture ? Woul

9、d you like to stay at school or go home ?注意：如果還有其他選項，但說話人沒有列出來，此時說話人說出來的幾項需用升調(diào)。試比較：Whats your favorite color, white , blue , green , or red ?你最喜歡什么顏色，白色、藍色、綠色，還是紅色？Whats your favorite color, white , blue , green , red ，or. ?你最喜歡什么顏色，白色、藍色、綠色、紅色, 還是？2. 用于列舉或轉(zhuǎn)折的句子中在表示前后意思轉(zhuǎn)折或一句話中的列舉部分時，前面用升調(diào)，最后一個用降調(diào)，如：

10、Tom has gone , but Kite hasnt. We are tired , however, all of us still work hard. We have many subjects, such as Chinese , English , math , music ,art , and so on. Lets count the apples: one , two , three , four. I will travel to America , Canada , and Brazil. 3. 用于狀語或插入語前置的句中表示條件、假設、目的、時間、地點、轉(zhuǎn)折等的狀語

11、部分放在句首時，或插入語位于句首時，狀語或插入語部分要用升調(diào)，后面的部分用降調(diào)，如：To Learn English well , he works harder than before. Seen from the top of the mountain , our city looks more beautiful. As we know , Beijing is the capital of China. If the weather permits , hell go with his friends tomorrow. Where there is a will , there is

12、 a way. 4. 用于定語從句中在定語從句中，關系代詞或關系副詞前面的部分一般要讀升調(diào)，后面的部分則要讀成降調(diào)，如：This is the right book that I am looking for. I hate the man who is smoking. The girl who is under the tree is my best friend. The old lady lives in the city where she was born. I dont know the reason why she was late for English classes. 5

13、. 用于賓語從句或表語從句中在包含賓語從句或表語從句的句子中，主句部分，包括謂語動詞或be 動詞都要讀成升調(diào)；動詞或be 之后的部分，即賓語從句或表語從句，要讀降調(diào)，如：I think you are right. Can you tell me where the nearest bank is ？The fact is that Mary doesnt love her husband. He said that he had been to Shanghai twice. The reason is that we forget his telephone number. 四、降升調(diào)降升

14、調(diào)常表達對比、讓步、暗示、告誡、態(tài)度保留、言外之意等，一般用于反意疑問句、陳述句和祈使句中。1. 用于反意疑問句中反意疑問句是由“陳述句/ 祈使句+ 簡短問句”兩部分組成。在朗讀時，陳述句/祈使句部分用降調(diào)，簡短問句部分則用升調(diào)，如：She is a dancer , isnt she ?You like sports , dont you ?There are many people in the room , arent there ?Close the door , will you ?Retell the story , will you ?2. 用于陳述句中在陳述句中，如果表達讓步、

15、暗示、責備、告誡、態(tài)度保留、言外之意等語氣，可用降升調(diào)，如：You can ask me for help , if necessary. He is wrong , in fact. He is only five years old , though. He is a teacher. Dont be late. 3. 用于祈使句中表示鼓勵、態(tài)度親切或客氣的請求的祈使句，常與please 連用，并且將please放在句末。此時，please 前面的部分讀降調(diào)，please 讀升調(diào)，如：Sit down , please. Help yourself , please. Your order