簡單句與并列句課件

1、 簡單句與并列句 一、簡單句與并列句的概念1. 簡單句：只有一個主語（包括并列主語）和一個謂語部分（包括并列謂語）的句子叫簡單句。如：He often reads English in the morning. （只有一個主語he 和一個謂語read）Tom and Mike are American boys. (只有一套并列主語Tom and Mike 和一個謂語are)2. 并列句（Compound Sentences）：把兩個或更多的本來可以獨立的句子連在一起，成為一個較長的句子，這種句子就叫并列句。如下表：分 類例 句簡單句主+謂I study hard.主+謂+狀I(lǐng)m studyi

2、ng in Panyu Middle School.主+謂+賓We ate a big birthday cake together.主+謂+間賓+直賓He bought me a new MP5.主+系+表It was my birthday.主+謂+賓+賓補It made me very happy. 并列句表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。1.My name is Tom, and my brothers name is Jack.2.Not only is he interested in biology,

3、but also his children begin to show interest in it.祈使句，and/or+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)名詞短語，and+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1.Hurry up, or youll miss the train.2.Study hard, and youll succeed.3.Another five minutes, and Ill make it.表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while（而）, when（這時）等1.I was doing my homework when my father came into my roo

4、m.2.I have a new MP5 while my brother hasnt.表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等He is sad, so we play the MP5 together.Leaves are turning yellow, for its now autumn.I think, therefore I exist. 我思，故我在?！緩娀毩?xí)】I 單項選擇 1. She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano

5、yesterday. （2009年福建）A. when B. while C. after D. since 時間狀語從句，when 表示“此時，正在那時”。 2. John plays basketball well, _ his favorite sport is badminton.（2009年北京）A. so B. or C. yet D. for 并列句，yet 表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 A C 3. - I wonder how much you charge for your services.- The first two are free _ the third costs $30. (2

6、009年安徽)A. while B. until C. when D. before此句為并列句，表示意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“而” 4. The artist was born poor, _ poor he remained all his life. （2009年重慶）A. and B. or C. but D. so此句為并列句，表示意思上的遞進。 A A 5. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.（2008年山東）A. though B. for C. but D.

7、 so此句為并列句，后面是對前面閱讀困難的原因的解釋，故選for。 6. It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself. （2008年江蘇）A. 不填；but B. 不填；or C. not; orD. not; but此句為并列句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意思是“不是,而是”。 B D 7. I cannot tell whether the book is worth reading, _ I havent read it myself.

8、(2008年四川)A. but B. so C. or D. for此句為并列句，后句是對前句的解釋，故用for。 8. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time.（2008年湖南）A. but B. or C. so D. for此句為并列句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選but。 D A 9. Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better. （2008年全國卷II）A. but B. till C. a

9、nd D. or此句為并列句的另一種形式，即：“祈使句+陳述句”，故選and。 10. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. （2008年四川） A. but B. while C. because D. though此句為并列句，表示對比，用while 連接。 C B II基本句型翻譯1. 在過去的十年中我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 _2. 因特網(wǎng)有助于交很多朋友。_3. 我希望教外國人漢語和傳播中國文化。_4.任何人都應(yīng)該對他的家庭、老師和同學(xué)誠

10、實。_5.這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 _Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. The Internet helps (to) make many friends. I hope to teach foreigners Chinese and spread Chinese culture. Anyone should be honest to his families, teachers and classmates. This term I have written three let

11、ters to my parents. 主謂一致和倒裝句主謂一致原則及倒裝句的分類 謂語動詞的數(shù)要與主語一致，與表語無關(guān)語 用one, each, none等+ of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時法 由every, some, and, so等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞在 句中作主語時一 Each用作代詞在句中作主語時致 不定式、動名詞作主語時 在主語后如有with, except, together with等連接 時主謂一致原則及倒裝句的分類意 主語指有生命的集體名詞義 主語指無生命的集合體一 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義卻為單數(shù)致 表示時間、長度、價格、質(zhì)量等的短語 作主語時 主語有定語從句修飾時主謂一致原則及倒裝

12、句的分類鄰近 由or, either or, neither nor, not only but also連接的并列主語原則 在there be句型中，如有并列的兩個名詞作 主語時 so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句倒裝句 neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 there be 或here be結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的倒裝句語法一致原則主語和謂語通常是在語法形式上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. 當and或both and連接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends. 湯姆和邁克是好朋友。Both Lucy an

13、d Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。語法一致原則2. 不定代詞either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行車有什么毛病嗎？Everyone is ready for the

14、sports meeting. 大家都為運動會做好了準備。語法一致原則3. 由each, each and, each, every and, every作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 給了每一個男孩和每一個女孩一本新書。語法一致原則4. 主語后接有with, along with, together with, as well as, no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等詞或短語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單

15、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如：Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 格林先生將和他的夫人及兩個女兒一塊兒來北京。語法一致原則5. “a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A number of trees are cut down. 許多樹木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32. 我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32.語法一致原則6. “a lot of (lots of

16、, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of) + 名詞”和“分數(shù)或百分數(shù) + 名詞”等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Lots of people have been there. 很多人去過那兒。語法一致原則7. 由“a pair (a kind, a series) + of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；“pairs (kinds) + of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：A pair of gloves is lying

17、 on the table. 一副手套放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作15雙鞋。語法一致原則8. 某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞（如clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves）作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My shoes were worn out. 我的鞋子穿壞了。9. 不定式或v.-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Reading is learning.意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致，即謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語所表達的概念。1. 由and連

18、接的兩個名詞作主語，如果是指同一概念（即and后面無冠詞），則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week. 那位老師兼作家下周要給我們作報告。The singer the dancer has been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請參加了聚會。意義一致原則2. 表示金錢、價格、時間、長度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞、詞組作主語時，一般看做一個整體，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years is a long time. 三年是一段很長的時間。3. 集體名詞（如

19、family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government）如果表示整體概念，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His family is going to move. 他家要搬了。意義一致原則4. people, police, cattle等集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother. 警察正在幫助女孩找媽媽。5. 算式中表示加法和乘法時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但減法和除法必須用單數(shù)形式。如：What

20、 is/ are three times three? 3乘以3是多少？意義一致原則6. one and a half的后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half cakes is a good meal for the monkey.一個班蛋糕對猴子來說是一頓美味。鄰 近 原 則有時謂語動詞的形式與主語并不一致，而是與靠近它的名詞一致，這種原則叫做鄰近原則，又叫就近原則，鄰近原則則多用在不甚嚴肅的文體中。1. 由either or, neither nor, not only but (also), not but或or連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞與較近

21、的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。鄰 近 原 則2. There be 和Here be這兩個句式中的be動詞常與最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。如：There is a table with three legs in Toms room. 在湯姆的房間中有一張三條腿的桌子。倒 裝 句so + 助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 如：so do I Neither + 助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 如：neither

22、 do I(1)這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，意思是“某人（物）也是這樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復(fù)數(shù)形式則由后句的主語決定。如：Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是好學(xué)生，莉莉也是好學(xué)生。倒 裝 句(2)這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的不同點是：“so + 助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語”依附于肯定句，表示前邊的肯定情況也適合后邊的人，意為“也”“neither + 助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語”依附于否定句，表示前邊的否定情況也適合后邊的人，意為“也不”。如：T

23、om watched TV last night, so did Ann. 湯姆昨晚看電視了，安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night, neither did Jim. 瑪麗昨晚沒有看電視，吉姆也沒看。倒 裝 句2. There be 句型There be 句型是表示“存在”的一個句型，是一個主語在be動詞后面的倒裝句。如：There is a tree in front of the building. 大樓前有一棵樹。倒 裝 句3. 副詞開頭引起的倒裝句在以here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副詞開頭的句子中，如果主語

24、是名詞，要用倒裝句。因此，謂語動詞的形式由位于倒裝句句尾的主語決定。如：There goes the bell. 鈴響了。Here are some flowers. 這里有一些花。注意：如果主語是人稱代詞，就不必倒裝。如：Here you are. Here it is.易 混 點 清 單一、并列連詞and連接并列主語的幾種情況1. 兩個或多個單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞并列共同作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Tom and Jim are going to Beijing tomorrow. 湯姆和吉姆明天將要去北京。2. 當and連接的兩個名詞指同一人或物（即and 后無冠詞）時，謂語動

25、詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：The worker and writer is coming tomorrow. 那位工人作家明天將要過來。3. 當and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前都有every, each或no修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl is going to take part in the sports meeting next week.【例1 】The teacher and singer _ to visit our school. A. is coming B. are coming C. have come D. coming Tom with

26、 other boys _ to go and _ a game. A. want; watch B. wants; watches C. wants; watch D. want; to watchAC易 混 點 清 單二、either of, neither of, both of, neither nor, either or, both and連接主語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式就近原則形式either ofboth ofeitherorneither ofboth andneither nor【例2 】Neither you nor I _ a st

27、udent. A. is B. are C. am D. wereBoth of my parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. am D. wascB易 混 點 清 單三、“a number of/ many/ a few + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； “the number of/ a little/ much + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！纠? 】The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; werec易 混 點 清 單四、“one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 單數(shù)謂語動詞”表示“其中之一”。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式【例4 】One of the women _ from America.A. is B. are C. has