約克變頻離心機VSD課件

1、Variable Speed DriveTechnology YORK MILLENNIUM VSD CHILLERSFranciscan HospitalSEM IncorporatedOne Valley BankMarch 11, 1999Todays TopicsHow chillers operateHow VSD worksEnergy comparisonFeatures and benefitsHarmonicsApplicationExperienceEvaluating chiller performanceCentrifugal ChillerCentrifugal Ch

2、illerOrificeSubcoolerCondenserDiffuser PlateImpellerFlooded EvaporatorPrerotation VanesMist EliminatorPressureEnthalpyPressure - Enthalpy ChartEvaporatorCompressorCondenserMetering DeviceRefrigerant rejects heat to atmosphereRefrigerant absorbs heat from loadPressureEnthalpyPressure - Enthalpy Chart

3、9585 Cooling Tower4454Less than 1% of chiller run hours are at design full-load!Hartford WeatherHartford WeatherHartford WeatherHartford WeatherHartford WeatherHartford Weather99.2%EvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHead PressureHead PressureEvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHea

4、d PressureLowering condenser water temperatureEvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHead PressureHead PressureLowering condenser water temperatureLowers head pressureEvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHead PressureHead PressureLowering condenser water temperatureLowers head pressure

5、Head PressureEvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHead PressureLowering condenser water temperatureLowers head pressureReduces compressorworkEvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHead PressureHead PressureLowering condenser water temperatureLowers head pressureReduces compressorworkRe

6、duces energyconsumptionEvaporatorCompressorCondenserPressureEnthalpyHead PressureHead PressureFan LawsRPM CFMRPM 2 STATIC HEADRPM 3 HPRPM vs HP% RPM%HP 100 100 90 73 75 42 50 12How do we apply this to a chiller?Variable Speed DrivesWhat is Variable Speed?Car AnalogyPrerotation vanesElectricmotorCons

7、tant SpeedAccelerator pegged to the floorConstant SpeedBrake to slow downAccelerator pegged to the floorConstant SpeedBrake to slow downAccelerator pegged to the floorConstant SpeedBrake to slow downAccelerator pegged to the floorConstant SpeedBrake to slow downAccelerator pegged to the floorVariabl

8、e SpeedFull control of acceleratorBrake only if necessaryVariable SpeedFull control of acceleratorBrake only if necessaryVariable SpeedFull control of acceleratorBrake only if necessaryHow it WorksHow it WorksChilled Water Temp.Temp. SetpointEvap / Cond PressurePRV PositionActual Motor SpeedHow it W

9、orksOptimum Motor SpeedChilled Water Temp.Temp. SetpointEvap / Cond PressurePRV PositionActual Motor SpeedHow it WorksOptimum Motor SpeedChilled Water Temp.Temp. SetpointEvap / Cond PressurePRV PositionActual Motor SpeedHow it WorksOptimum Motor SpeedOptimum PRV PositionChilled Water Temp.Temp. Setp

10、ointEvap / Cond PressurePRV PositionActual Motor SpeedHow it WorksOptimum Motor SpeedOptimum PRV PositionChilled Water Temp.Temp. SetpointEvap / Cond PressurePRV PositionActual Motor SpeedControl is Key to Energy SavingsACC “l(fā)earns” how the chiller operatesMaps exact surge pointsAllows operation nea

11、r surge pointsMinimizes speed for peak efficiencyComponentsComponentsEvaporator ShellCondenser ShellElectric MotorGearsImpellerPrerotation VanesConstant SpeedVariable SpeedConstant SpeedVariable SpeedPRV close as load decreasesMotor speed remains constantConstant SpeedVariable SpeedPRV close as load

12、 decreasesMotor speed remains constantConstant SpeedVariable SpeedAdaptive Capacity Control logicOptimizes compressor efficiencyMotor speed slows downOptimizes PRV positionConsumes less energyPRV close as load decreasesMotor speed remains constantConstant SpeedVariable SpeedAdaptive Capacity Control

13、 logicOptimizes compressor efficiencyMotor speed slows downOptimizes PRV positionConsumes less energyPRV close as load decreasesMotor speed remains constantFixed vs Variable SpeedFixed vs Variable SpeedYESIV ProgramARI CertifiedIncludes VSD lossesIncludes Filter lossesFixed vs Variable SpeedFixed Sp

14、eed at ARI conditionsFixed vs Variable SpeedFixed Speed at ARI conditions% Load 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10Fixed vs Variable SpeedFixed Speed at ARI conditions% LoadECWT 100 85.0 90 81.0 80 77.0 70 73.0 60 69.0 50 65.0 40 65.0 30 65.0 20 65.0 10 65.0Fixed vs Variable SpeedFixed Speed at ARI condi

15、tions% LoadECWTKW/TON 100 85.00.582 90 81.00.532 80 77.00.500 70 73.00.481 60 69.00.470 50 65.00.463 40 65.00.494 30 65.00.557 20 65.00.700 14 65.01.138Fixed vs Variable SpeedFixed and variable speed at ARI conditionsFixed vs Variable SpeedFixed and variable speed at ARI conditions% Load 100 90 80 7

16、0 60 50 40 30 20 10Fixed vs Variable SpeedFixed and variable speed at ARI conditions% LoadECWT 100 85.0 90 81.0 80 77.0 70 73.0 60 69.0 50 65.0 40 65.0 30 65.0 20 65.0 10 65.0% LoadECWTKW/TON 100 85.00.582 90 81.00.532 80 77.00.500 70 73.00.481 60 69.00.470 50 65.00.463 40 65.00.494 30 65.00.557 20

17、65.00.700 10 65.01.138Fixed vs Variable SpeedFixed and variable speed at ARI conditionsFixed vs Variable SpeedFixed and variable speed at ARI conditions% LoadECWTKW/TONKW/TON 100 85.00.5820.599 90 81.00.5320.502 80 77.00.5000.441 70 73.00.4810.388 60 69.00.4700.339 50 65.00.4630.293 40 65.00.4940.29

18、2 30 65.00.5570.326 20 65.00.7000.373 10 65.01.1380.584Fixed vs Variable SpeedFixed and variable speed at ARI conditions% LoadECWTKW/TONKW/TON%SAVED 100 85.00.5820.599 -2.92 90 81.00.5320.502 5.64 80 77.00.5000.441 11.80 70 73.00.4810.388 19.33 60 69.00.4700.339 27.87 50 65.00.4630.293 36.72 40 65.0

19、0.4940.292 40.89 30 65.00.5570.326 41.47 20 65.00.7000.373 46.71 10 65.01.1380.584 48.68Variable Speed Centrifugal ChillersVariable Speed Centrifugal ChillersVariable Speed Centrifugal Chillers30% Energy SavingsFixed vs Variable SpeedLower ECWTs means even better performanceFixed vs Variable SpeedLo

20、wer ECWTs means even better performance55F is a good low pointFixed vs Variable SpeedLower ECWTs means even better performance55F is a good low pointYork Headquarters Bldg chiller runs on 50F Traditional60% Load100% Load80% LoadYORK (lecwt)60% Load100% Load80% LoadTraditional60% Load100% Load80% Loa

21、dYORK (lecwt)60% Load100% Load80% LoadTraditional60% Load100% Load80% LoadYORK w/ Variable Speed100% Load80% Load60% LoadFixed vs Variable SpeedWeather data in YESIV is the best way to utilize the actual lower ECWTsFixed vs Variable SpeedAn additional way to get more energy savings is with chilled w

22、ater resetFixed vs Variable SpeedAn additional way to get more energy savings is with chilled water resetChiller water reset will help with both low ECWTs or higher tower water conditionsMild outdoor temperaturesLower outdoor humidity levelsLess need for dehumidificationAdequate cooling at higher ch

23、illed water tempsChilled Water ResetMild outdoor temperaturesLower outdoor humidity levelsLess need for dehumidificationAdequate cooling at higher chilled water tempsChilled Water Reset Constant speed 0.5 - 1.5% Variable speed 2.0 - 3.0% Drive Type Savings / Degree IncreaseEnergy SavingsChilled Wate

24、r ResetFixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at ARI conditions and fixed speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0 90 82.5 80 80.0 70 77.5 60 75.0 50 72.5 40 70.0 30 67.5 20 65.0 10 62.5 Fixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at ARI conditions a

25、nd fixed speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0 44 0.560 90 82.5 44 0.533 80 80.0 44 0.510 70 77.5 44 0.498 60 75.0 44 0.495 50 72.5 44 0.501 40 70.0 44 0.518 30 67.5 44 0.563 20 65.0 44 0.682 10 62.5 44 1.099Fixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at ARI conditio

26、ns and fixed speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0 44 0.560 440.560 90 82.5 44 0.533 45 0.524 80 80.0 44 0.510 46 0.497 70 77.5 44 0.498 47 0.483 60 75.0 44 0.495 48 0.478 50 72.5 44 0.501 49 0.481 40 70.0 44 0.518 50 0.498 30 67.5 44 0.563 51 0.555 20 65.0 44 0.682 52 0.728 10 62.

27、5 44 1.099 53 1.440 Fixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at ARI conditions and fixed speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0 44 0.560 440.560 0.00 90 82.5 44 0.533 45 0.524 1.69 80 80.0 44 0.510 46 0.497 2.55 70 77.5 44 0.498 47 0.483 3.01 60 75.0 44 0.495 48 0.

28、478 3.43 50 72.5 44 0.501 49 0.481 3.99 40 70.0 44 0.518 50 0.498 3.86 30 67.5 44 0.563 51 0.555 1.42 20 65.0 44 0.682 52 0.728 -6.74 10 62.5 44 1.099 53 1.440 -31.03Constant Speed Centrifugal ChillersConstant Speed Centrifugal ChillersFixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at AR

29、I conditions and variable speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0 90 82.5 80 80.0 70 77.5 60 75.0 50 72.5 40 70.0 30 67.5 20 65.0 10 62.5 Fixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at ARI conditions and variable speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0

30、44 0.585 90 82.5 44 0.537 80 80.0 44 0.497 70 77.5 44 0.466 60 75.0 44 0.438 50 72.5 44 0.432 40 70.0 44 0.419 30 67.5 44 0.429 20 65.0 44 0.481 10 62.5 44 0.665 Fixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water reset per 10% load at ARI conditions and variable speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 1

31、00 85.0 44 0.585 44 0.585 90 82.5 44 0.537 45 0.524 80 80.0 44 0.497 46 0.475 70 77.5 44 0.466 47 0.433 60 75.0 44 0.438 48 0.393 50 72.5 44 0.432 49 0.382 40 70.0 44 0.419 50 0.363 30 67.5 44 0.429 51 0.357 20 65.0 44 0.481 52 0.370 10 62.5 44 0.665 53 0.480Fixed vs Variable Speed1F chilled water r

32、eset per 10% load at ARI conditions and variable speed% Load ECWT lchwt kw/tr lchwt kw/tr%saved 100 85.0 44 0.585 44 0.585 0.00 90 82.5 44 0.537 45 0.524 2.42 80 80.0 44 0.497 46 0.475 4.43 70 77.5 44 0.466 47 0.433 7.08 60 75.0 44 0.438 48 0.393 10.27 50 72.5 44 0.432 49 0.382 11.57 40 70.0 44 0.41

33、9 50 0.363 13.37 30 67.5 44 0.429 51 0.357 16.78 20 65.0 44 0.481 52 0.370 23.08 10 62.5 44 0.665 53 0.480 27.82Constant Speed Centrifugal ChillersConstant Speed Centrifugal ChillersVariable Speed Centrifugal ChillersVariable Speed Centrifugal ChillersThe New VSDUnit MountedUL ApprovedWater CooledAn

34、y RefrigerantAny CompressorYork Design Standard FeaturesCircuit breakerUL listed ground fault protectionAll drive displays on chiller panelSingle point wiringNo additional floor space requiredElectronic FilterOptional EPRI funded specially designed filter that complies with IEEE 519-1992Filter is un

35、it mounted in the same cabinet as the VSDStill has the UL labelFilter parameters displayed on the chiller panelOperating BenefitsSlower minimum speed of 30 hz0.95 or better total power factor at all loads0.98 or better total power factor with optional filterTakes the place of the starterReduces inru

36、sh to less than 100% FLAAnti-recycle timer - 0 min Reduced driveline wearPanel Displays IncludeVolts, amps, hz, kw, kwhFilter total harmonic distortion of voltageFilter total demand distortion of currentUnit total power factorSelf diagnostic service parametersStandard SafetiesOvervoltage protectionU

37、ndervoltage protection3 phase sensing motor overcurrentSingle phase protectionInsensitive to phase rotationOver temperature protectionQuieter OperationSoundGenerated by refrigerant discharge at high velocitiesSoundGenerated by refrigerant discharge at high velocitiesSoundSlowing compressor reduces s

38、oundGenerated by refrigerant discharge at high velocitiesSoundSlowing compressor reduces soundGenerated by refrigerant discharge at high velocitiesThe Millennium Variable Speed Drive also serves as the starter.Soft StartNever exceed 100% FLAIncrease motor lifeExcellent for limited inrush capabilitie

39、s (generator starts)Inrush Current05102040100%200%300%400%500%Motor FLA (%)Time (sec)Inrush Current05102040100%200%300%400%500%Motor FLA (%)Time (sec)Star Delta StarterInrush Current05102040100%200%300%400%500%Motor FLA (%)Time (sec)Star Delta StarterMillennium VSDMinimal VSD MaintenanceChange inhib

40、itor Flush heat exchangerCan be performed when cleaning tubesHarmonicsWhat are Harmonics?HarmonicsWhat are Harmonics?Multiples of the base power line frequency: 60hzHarmonicsWhat do they do?HarmonicsWhat do they do?Cause distortion of the voltage and current sine wave60120180240300360601201802403003

41、60HarmonicsWhat do they do?Cause distortion of the voltage and current sine waveIncrease the current used by a productIncrease the heating of utility wires and transformersDisrupt the operation of other equipmentHarmonicsMany utilities are pushing for lower harmonicsHarmonicsMany utilities are pushi

42、ng for lower harmonicsThe current standard is IEEE 519-1992HarmonicsMany utilities are pushing for lower harmonicsThe current standard is IEEE 519-1992It developed acceptable levels of voltage and current distortion produced by a productHarmonicsMany utilities are pushing for lower harmonicsThe curr

43、ent standard is IEEE 519-1992It developed acceptable levels of voltage and current distortion produced by a productThis is a guideline not a required law HarmonicsCalculating ComplianceHarmonicsCalculating ComplianceThe new guideline only allows 5% voltage distortionHarmonicsCalculating ComplianceTh

44、e new guideline only allows 5% voltage distortionThe new guideline provides a table for transformer size and allowed % current distortionHarmonicsCalculating ComplianceThe new guideline only allows 5% voltage distortionThe new guideline provides a table for transformer size and allowed % current dis

45、tortionCurrent distortion is calculated as a “Total Demand Distortion” (TDD)HarmonicsCalculating ComplianceThe new guideline only allows 5% voltage distortionThe new guideline provides a table for transformer size and allowed % current distortionCurrent distortion is calculated as a “Total Demand Di

46、stortion” (TDD)This is the highest current demand in a 12 month period ( job FLA)HarmonicsCalculating ComplianceThe new guideline only allows 5% voltage distortionThe new guideline provides a table for transformer size and allowed % current distortionCurrent distortion is calculated as a “Total Dema

47、nd Distortion” (TDD)This is the highest current demand in a 12 month period ( job FLA)Part load distortion is calculated based on the TDDHarmonicsCalculating compliance (cont)Current Distortion LimitsMaximum Harmonic Current Distortion in Percent of Load CurrentIsc/IL202050501001001000114.07.010.012

48、.015.011172.03.54.55.57.017231.52.54.05.06.023350.61.01.52.02.535h0.30.50.71.01.4TDD5.08.012.015.020.0Isc = maximum short-circuit current at PCCIL = maximum demand load current at PCC 6012018024030036060120180240300360HarmonicsMeasuring DistortionHarmonicsMeasuring DistortionMeasured in the filter o

49、f the VSDHarmonicsMeasuring DistortionMeasured in the filter of the VSDDisplayed on the panelHarmonicsMeasuring DistortionMeasured in the filter of the VSDDisplayed on the panelPortable meters are available but expensiveHarmonicsMeasuring DistortionMeasured in the filter of the VSDDisplayed on the p

50、anelPortable meters are available but expensivePortable meters only measure Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) not TDDHarmonicsPanel displays include:HarmonicsPanel displays include:Input KVAHarmonicsPanel displays include:Input KVATotal power factorHarmonicsPanel displays include:Input KVATotal power

51、factor3 Phase voltage total harmonic distortionHarmonicsPanel displays include:Input KVATotal power factor3 Phase voltage total harmonic distortion3 Phase current total demand distortionApplicationsFactory packaged (unit mounted)York YTYork YKRetrofit (floor mounted)York YTYork YKYork YT Conversions

52、York Driveline RetrofitsUnit mountedFactory wiredFactory pipedFactory PackagedUnit mountedFactory wiredFactory pipedFactory PackagedVSDRetrofitBase mounted Retrofit50 max. wire lengthField wiredBase mounted VSDRetrofitField pipedBooster pump50 max. wire lengthField wiredBase mounted VSDRetrofitField

53、 pipedBooster pump50 max. wire length Field wiredBase mounted VSDApproximate Size5ft4 1/2 ft1 1/2 ftTonnage range150 tons1000 tonsTonnage rangeR - 22Applicable refrigerantsR - 134aR - 123ExperienceThird generationFirst installation 19772200 installationsExperienceVA Medical Center (Chicago)VA Medica

54、l Center (Durham)Good Samaritan Hospital (Suffern, NY)St. Lukes Hospital (Milwaukee)St. Francis Hospital (Peoria, IL)St. Joseph Hospital (St. Louis)Elkhart General Hospital (Elkhart, IN)Mercy Health (Oklahoma City)Rowan Hospital (Charlotte)St. Lukes Hospital (Kansas City)Scripps Memorial Hospital (S

55、an Marcos, CA)ExperienceHarper College (Chicago)Arizona State University (Tempe)Hammond Morton High School (Hammond, IN)UTEP (El Paso)Olathe High School (Olathe, KS)University of Houston (Houston)Troy Elementary (Troy, NY)University of BaltimoreDover High School (Dover, DE)Colorado College (Denver)E

56、xperienceSouthern Bell (Greensboro)AT&T (Houston)Hughes Aircraft (LA)United Airlines (Denver) New Orleans Airport (New Orleans)FAA (Aurora, IL)Ford Headquarters (Dearborn, MI)NBC (New York)Digital (Greenville, SC)RR Donnelley (Gallatin, TN)BASF (Bedford, MA)ExperienceLever Brothers (New York)Sears (

57、Chicago)Kemper Insurance (Chicago)LA Times (LA)Prudential Insurance (Minneapolis)IBM (New York)US Army (Ft. Belvoire, VA)Clarion Hotel (Cincinnati)Riviera Hotel (Las Vegas)Withney Museum (New York)Metro Plaza (Houston)ExperienceAlcoa (Alcoa, TN)Kodak (Rochester, NY)Warner Lambert (Rockford, IL)Reynolds Metal (Richmond, VA)Amoco (Denver)DuPont (Newark)Tyson Foods (Springdale, AR)General Electric (Louisville)ExperienceGeorgia Power (Atlanta)Pacific Bell (Anaheim)Pacific Gas and Electric (Belmont, CA)Duke Power (Char