高中閱讀理解講解

1、高中英語閱讀理解講解閱讀理解常見的問題1讀的方法不對；2.速度慢;3.歸納能力差。解決辦法掌握正確的閱讀方法學(xué)生一般會采取兩種閱讀方法，一種是先看文章后看問題； 另一種是先看問題，帶著問題讀文章?？梢韵瓤磫栴}，先看問題可以熟悉命題者 的出題角度，并且掃描題干可以抓住關(guān)鍵，做到有的放矢。即(Questi on-Passage-Questio)克服不良閱讀習(xí)慣閱讀時，習(xí)慣用手指或筆指著讀，或者發(fā)出聲音，遇到難句子喜歡回看。 b 遇到難詞就停下來，或者查字典或是絞盡腦汁猜測其具體含義。閱讀時沒有必要把每一個單詞都讀懂。要是不認(rèn)識的生詞對理解文章的關(guān)系不 大，就可以跳過去不管它。關(guān)鍵是能否在讀完文章之

2、后，把與冋題相關(guān)的幾個句 子找出來。c.把英語翻譯成漢語，大部分考生閱讀速度比較慢，主要是存在這個問題。閱 讀是精讀加泛讀的過程。因此，不要逐字逐句地翻譯其含義?？焖贋g覽全文，把握文章主旨大意標(biāo)重點(diǎn)。在快速瀏覽文章的時候，不需要每一個單詞和句子都讀得懂，閱讀中經(jīng)常會 遇到一些專有名詞(包括人名、地名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等)，一般都可以不作計較， 必要的時候，用X、丫的字母代替它們就行了。在這個環(huán)節(jié)，學(xué)生們所要做的就 是弄清楚這篇文章的中心思想是什么。積累詞匯量。平時閱讀完一篇文章或看完報紙， 可以有意識地記一下生詞尤其 尤其是咼頻詞匯。閱讀理解考查題型細(xì)節(jié)理解題；推理判斷題；主旨大意題；詞義猜測題；

3、作者的意圖和態(tài)度題。各個擊破細(xì)節(jié)理解題，即要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。 一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思體現(xiàn)中心思想，一篇試題的細(xì)節(jié)與主旨直接關(guān)聯(lián)。干擾選項的特點(diǎn)：部分正確，部分錯誤是原文信息，但是不是題目要求的內(nèi)容符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動 常見提問形式有：When /Where did the story happen?Which of the followi ng is TRUE in the passage?All of the followi ng ar

4、e true except.For the TV producers, reality TV is a dream come true becausemany of the programs cost nothing to make. At some point, the television viewers are asked to teleph one the program to vote or to apply to take part in the show. It is the cost of these telepho ne calls that pays for the sho

5、ws. One of the most popular shows is Pop Idol. In the show a group of attractive young people are made into pop stars. TV viewers vote for their favorite pers on on the show. The winner makes a record and millions of copies of the record are sold. His or her pictures are published on the covers of m

6、agaz ines or on the front pages of n ewspapers, and the n, they are quickly forgotte n. Who would pay for the cost of the reality TV shows according to the passage?TV producers who make reality TV showsTV actors who take part in reality TV shows.TV viewers who telepho ne reality TV showsTV compa nie

7、s which broadcast reality TV shows.推理判斷題這類題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示， 推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。干擾項的特點(diǎn)：只是原文的簡單復(fù)述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實際上與原文不符，如因果倒置，手段變 目的等根據(jù)考生已有的常識是正確的，但是卻不是基于文章，一切以文章為準(zhǔn) 常見提問形式有： TOC o 1-5 h z 1.It can be in ferred that.We can infer from the passage that.The paragraph

8、implies that.A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electro nic in teract ion through the computer has replaced this pers on-to- pers on in teractio n. However, a lot of people in terviewed for the Pew study say that s a good thing. Why

9、?.It can be in ferred from the Pew study that.people have bee n separated from each other by using computersthe Internet makes people waste a lot of time and feel very Ion elythe Internet has become a tool for a new kind of social com muni cati ona lot of people regard the pers on-to-pers on com mun

10、i cati on as a good thi ng.主旨大意題該類題主要考察學(xué)生對所讀材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括標(biāo) 題、主題、中心思想等。第一步，仔細(xì)閱讀文章的首末段的首末句，西方人說話向來喜歡開門見山，所以英語文章段落70%fE是一上來交待作者的寫 作目的或意圖。第二步，仔細(xì)閱讀其他段落的首句，然后把這兩步綜合起來，文 章的主旨大意就可以把握住。主旨題的注意事項：段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時，該句很可能是主題句作者有意識的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)通常是主旨首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的解答就是文章主旨d.提出文章主旨時常伴有的文字提示：therefore ， thus ， but ， howev

11、er， in short 等等正確選項特點(diǎn)：不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息；不含過分肯定或絕對意義的詞干擾項特點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)信息明顯，以偏概全；過于籠統(tǒng) 常見提問形式有：The first paragraph mai nly tells us.What is mainly discussed in the passage?The main point of this passage is.What is the best title for the passage?詞義猜測題，即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文或者其他方法猜測生詞的詞義。 a 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞女口： He is so homel

12、y ，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù) not atall handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，如前綴un-表反義詞，如fair、 unfair，等； argue、argument 等；后綴-er、-or 如 calculate 、calculator ， 問題便不難解決了。通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如： But sometimes，no rain falls for a long ，long time. Then there is a dry

13、period ， or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨， 于是便有一段干旱的時期，即 drought，由此可見drought意思為旱災(zāi).常見提問形式有： TOC o 1-5 h z The un derl ined word can be best replaced by.The word probably means.The word is closest in meaning to.When women sit together to watch a movie on TV , they usually talk simultaneously (同時的)

14、about a variety of subjects, in clud ing childre n, men, careers and what s happe ning in their lives. When groups of men and wome n watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the scree n - they can t do both - and they don t un dersta n

15、d that wome n can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relati on ships - not just to sit there like couch potatoes stari ng at the scree n.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?Wome n Are Socially Trained to TalkT

16、alk ing Mai ntai ns Relatio nshipsWomen Love to TalkMen Talk Differe ntly from Wome n5).作者的意圖和態(tài)度題這類題主要考查學(xué)生對作者寫作的意圖，和所議論事件的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的理解和把 握。作者態(tài)度題的解題技巧作者對某一事物的看法，要么支持，要么反對，帶中立色彩的詞最不可能 是正確答案 . 但是，一般新聞報道是比較客觀的。漠不關(guān)心類詞語一定不對，既然寫文章就不會不關(guān)心( indifferent )不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中，也要區(qū)分開作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的 態(tài)度當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，要學(xué)會根據(jù)作者使用詞語

17、的褒貶性去判斷 作者的態(tài)度作者觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián) 常見提問形式有：1 The author would agree that.What does the author thi nk of ?3 .The author s purpose in writing this story is.The aim of time man ageme nt is not to schedule every mome nt so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, th

18、e aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to con trol time for our own purposesIn the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you .how to keep

19、 up with the timeshow to make up for lost timehow to have a good timehow to make good use of time總結(jié)閱讀理解答題技巧 高考英語考試中 , 閱讀理解得分的高低決定了該科目考試的成敗。這不僅要求學(xué) 生平時有扎實的基本功 , 良好的閱讀習(xí)慣 , 還要求掌握一定的做題技巧， 掌握高考 英語閱讀理解題的應(yīng)試技巧，正確地理解和分析問題，應(yīng)從以下幾個方面入手：一、抓住文章的首段與末段及段落的首句和末句 文章的首段與末段、段落的首句和末句，一般表達(dá)文章的主題和段落的 中心思想，其它段落及句子只起補(bǔ)充、說明、解釋或引申的作用。二、進(jìn)行合理推斷 對文章有了詳細(xì)而全面的理解之后，就要按照文章內(nèi)容，上下文的邏輯 關(guān)系，作出合理推斷，表示邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞是連接詞、副詞、代詞、 介詞短語、關(guān)系詞、插入語等，通讀時應(yīng)特別注意。三、猜測推敲生詞 閱讀短文時，常常會遇到一些生詞。通過對全篇短文的理解，上下文的 提示，就很有可能猜測出生詞