上海張家浜楔形綠地城市設(shè)計(jì)及景觀概念規(guī)劃

1、念規(guī)劃/SasakiAssociates以前所未有的濕地及林地棲息地重塑了自然環(huán)境，生態(tài)改善和城市更新的催化劑。2016-09-20項(xiàng)目標(biāo)簽設(shè)計(jì)公司:Sasaki位置：中國(guó)類型：公園總體規(guī)劃生態(tài)修復(fù)文章分類：景觀標(biāo)簽：regionalscaleShanghai上海區(qū)域尺度來自Sasaki對(duì)gooood的分享。更多關(guān)于他們:SasakiongoooodAppreciationtowardsSasakiforprovidingthefollowingdescription:項(xiàng)目概況PROJECTINTRODUCTION張家浜是上海擬建的8個(gè)“楔形綠地”中的首個(gè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，建成之后，它將成為上海市最大

2、的公共公園。作為生態(tài)改善和城市更新的催化劑，張家浜公園打造了一片前所未有的濕地及林地棲息地，為這座逐漸遠(yuǎn)離自然體驗(yàn)的城市重塑了自然環(huán)境。為提升浦東新區(qū)居民的生活品質(zhì)及該區(qū)域的生態(tài)水平，張家浜項(xiàng)目為自身設(shè)定了更高的目標(biāo)。其復(fù)雜的生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與其整體性的解說計(jì)劃，將會(huì)在作為世界最大的城市之一的上海注入嶄新的環(huán)境觀念。該項(xiàng)目中的景觀策略對(duì)已有的人工化運(yùn)河形態(tài)發(fā)出了挑戰(zhàn)，它不僅會(huì)改善運(yùn)河水質(zhì)，更可以重建該地區(qū)的水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，從而提高生物多樣性。通過細(xì)致嚴(yán)格的空間布局、地形利用、種植策略、水體設(shè)計(jì)和盛行風(fēng)利用，該項(xiàng)目可提高空氣質(zhì)量及熱舒適度，利用微氣候的營(yíng)造來緩解上海的城市熱島現(xiàn)象。通過多模式公共交通系統(tǒng)、

3、公園振興計(jì)劃及與周邊地區(qū)的城市肌理的重新縫合，項(xiàng)目相鄰地區(qū)的發(fā)展也得以促進(jìn)。ZhangjiabangisthefirstofShanghaiseightplanned“greenwedges”andwillbecomethecityslargestpublicpark.Acatalystforecologicalandurbanrenewal,theparkcreatesanunprecedentedamountofwetlandandwoodlandhabitatthatredefinesthenaturalenvironmentinacitywhoseresidentshaveincrea

4、singlyfeweropportunitiestoexperiencenature.TotransformtheciviclifeandecologicalhealthofShanghaisPudongDistrict,Zhangjiabangaimshigher.Itscomplexecologies,coupledwithaholisticinterpretiveprogram,willfuelanewenvironmentalethosinoneoftheworldslargestcities.Bychallengingtheexistingengineeredcanaltypolog

5、y,thelandscapestrategyimproveswaterqualityandrebuildsthebiodiversityoftheregionsaquaticecosystems.Airqualityandthermalcomfortaredesignedthroughcarefulspatialconfigurations,utilizinglandform,plantingstrategies,waterbodies,andprevailingwindstocreatemicroclimatesthatrelieveShanghaisstiflingurbanheatisl

6、and.Adjacentdevelopmentisalsointegratedwithmulti-modalpublictransit,enliveningtheparkandreconnectingtheurbanfabricofthesurroundingcity.TrrrthHuimvyO#cuh沁M(jìn)mhUKQPVGFhirkrqk-ti!irvttCvlAiirparfABREATHINCLANDSCAPEZHAN6HABANGPAWK44iwTHEFIR5TOFEIGHTPROPOSEDGREENWEDGESFORTHECITX；HANGJiABANGWILLBETHELARGEST

7、PUBLICPARKINSHANGHALMwHSQUrfTGMA1*陽(yáng)1M,IMilA嘟!HINA412Hi&4Ehl場(chǎng)地背景SITECONTEXT張家浜項(xiàng)目面臨著多重挑戰(zhàn)。這片場(chǎng)地因高架公路、高壓電走廊、各種道路及河道系統(tǒng)（其“現(xiàn)代化”的設(shè)計(jì)是為了以一種高人工化的方式對(duì)洪水進(jìn)行防控）等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)變得支離破碎。場(chǎng)地當(dāng)前的問題還包括干道之間多處土地幾近荒廢、多處衰敗的輕工業(yè)工廠附近垃圾場(chǎng)成堆等。此外，渠化河道皆由混凝土砌筑，河水水質(zhì)不佳，附近土壤遭到破壞，整個(gè)場(chǎng)地的生物多樣性極低。但就是在這樣惡劣的環(huán)境之中，場(chǎng)地上仍存在著幾處小型的農(nóng)田和花園。來自Sasaki的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)試圖將這些挑戰(zhàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)

8、遇，為這片土地注入活力，通過效果顯著的生態(tài)再生徹底改變場(chǎng)地現(xiàn)狀，并借由項(xiàng)目的解說計(jì)劃向人們講述這一過程。Zhangjiabangscontextpresentedmultiplechallenges.Thesiteishighlyfragmentedbyinfrastructureincludinganelevatedhighway,ahigh-voltagepowercorridor,multipleroadways,andacanalsystemthatisbeingmodernizedforfloodcontrolinahighly-engineeredmanner.Existingco

9、nditionsincludederelictlandssurroundedbymajorroadsanddumpinggroundsintheshadowsofrun-downlightindustrialsites.Canalsareconcrete-lined,waterqualityisverypoor,soilsaredisturbed,andtheentiresiteisbiologicallyimpoverished.Withinthisdifficultsite,smallfarmsandgardensneverthelesspersist.TheSasakiteamsough

10、ttoconvertthesechallengesintoopportunities,creatingdynamismintheprogramanddefyingthestatusquowitharemarkablestoryofecologicalrebirtharticulatedthroughitsinterpretiveprogram.SkEENSPACEINCREASEJKcmrfsufcBA*HEA-n甩*_JFTENT:1HASWlTMiMUCHOF陽(yáng)界扎八札MTEQ.ANDsanaunrABE3EmERELVDEGRADED嚴(yán)UA3AMS-TORMArEftISOFTtNlin

11、teatecjanoONrAMINAKED*=kWSSJJft.FFike-LinksintoIliE-P.irkopc-naidPor口mEKE5T3NGCHALLENGES-帥亠滬t&口1沖口11嗣匕eaPaichandsmteredveqE飾twnGOAL:RESTOREECOLOGYaImp*miV/pili-idCordCieatfrUtooSlandHafirtJtiGOALiENHANCEMICROCLIMATEB門!k勺門沁1|111疔護(hù)亡曲|叼由皿UwWaterandVeqetat：wwImprovlhemialComlortitIkTHE-5AVERSErPftaffLAM

12、iNCClRPCftATti、CNUSES.RECRtlAtiOiALAMErtinESAfiA怕心EDl-HAtBNEfltSpLLSL3iEtNT3qf3Hr4&MAiamKtCTWfhCiTynrnbCHAiLkiKt*EFdNLEOLjOGYENI-WMCEMCMDCUMAFI新型的生態(tài)ANEWECOLOGY由于上海的持續(xù)高速擴(kuò)張，很多農(nóng)村土地均已用作城市用地。數(shù)十年的工業(yè)發(fā)展早已嚴(yán)重破壞了整個(gè)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)，野生動(dòng)植物所剩無(wú)幾，生物物理環(huán)境惡劣。整個(gè)上海都會(huì)區(qū)林冠覆蓋率僅為10%，遠(yuǎn)低于中國(guó)城市的平均值（25%）。近期發(fā)表的一系列生物學(xué)調(diào)查顯示，所有研究設(shè)計(jì)的類群其生物多樣性及豐富度都有明

13、顯下降：上海地區(qū)的兩棲動(dòng)物多樣性由14種降低至4種；城區(qū)的鳥類多樣性較歷史調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)降低了63%；植物多樣性也大幅降低。上海景觀恢復(fù)的迫切性不言而喻，其也成為了張家浜公園設(shè)計(jì)策略的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。AsShanghaicontinuestorapidlyexpand,urbanlandcoverhasreplacedmuchoftheruralmatrix.Recentdecadesofindustrializationhaveresultedinenvironmentalconditionssoseverelydegradedthatlittlewildliferemainsandbiophysi

14、calconditionsaresevere.TreecanopycoverageacrosstheShanghaimetroareaisonly10%,whileChinasnationalaverageforcitiesis25%.Aseriesofrecentlypublishedbiologicalsurveysindicatethatspeciesdiversityandrichnessacrossallstudiedtaxahavedeclined.AmphibiandiversityinShanghaihasdecreasedfrom14speciesto4.Similarly,

15、totalaviandiversityinthecityhasdecreased63%fromhistoricsurveys.Plantdiversityshowssimilardeclines.TheimperativeforlandscaperestorationinShanghaiisself-evident,andthisrestorationisthedriverofthedesignstrategyforZhangjiabangPark.hFHEHCftEAEEDAREAOF$點(diǎn)TQlwAYSIMPROVESwATkQUALiTY.ANDlUREAlTSHA0ITATOPPOftT

16、UNrrtsiTHENEWPARKPflOPlJSES700UgFhOfMyGWCCm刖唧El/I30岸OFSHNCAI5NATrvEFEHSPECIESAktvuLnEft.LEroPOLLUTION,ANDL弘冉IWPACPED即HeiTAlL0$曲比NGJIA如jAdKWILL1t.EvEH5ETM$hTftEJMDE郭jaryEps詡ni時(shí)RriWi/SlitfirH-LnkmWildndSpSwni4j4*!ie,”.i.=s亦=_*-bLim中.a.fe-或利鈕；.A,iLJ-uifc1W-MFB444in11KIIEEWEm*.rliifc-rkL&iiqLj.irrai7心4i

17、叩m沖iiiii*|CnihpwfxjHni屁詁I臉寸Slruct!ZH*N&|AHAN&-3L6、HECTARESOFBEStOHEQ、WETLANDSMrfLLHAVEANEStMATEQiWACTOFOVERagixi.Qtwusdoll5per兀ardhTHE配E曲ONALECONOi?bSiillNGtHALLEM&LbNHANLEMlbmif/irbL0NHE匚IdrHECJTY46hkE5MEADOW；0PNHABITATEKBiinqTreeCarerMIhrZhnqjslMnqSite2T5HECIAWiFOfE5T/WOODLAMDHABITATPrpwedPeeGsvb,

18、InIhtNfiuPMk1twV*1bui*nfkFEiii斛ImAt-WILtbeL4flKIdvmHwhw-fguy:b、一EIM-1f-?.1I)簣:-ILG/tTW3NATbtHD丈“EI,30MUCHPOnNHALTOWOrOGUfHMJXF*IWlUA*O；8L1AftEAOOOMSOFAaDANCE1APLANTDtvEft$iTyIKSHANGHAIREGONHASOECREASEOBY3INT氐PAST、TWOOECADES.ZAMPHftlAND迎力ZHAMGJVKBANG1SHA9ITAT1JICPLENCHREGIONAL/rsLhI1080ZMANGJlANfiANS

19、-SWdODLiiMDS詢ILLHELPTOlftOVlBEAOwOftTAB，EMEfcOCLWArEWITH卅鼻陥4D3ACEHTTOTHEPARK03NMAITQRLllTYHUSTOKl.-QLXKiY4HANCE.MKHUCLIMAlE宜人的微氣候ACOMFORTABLEMICROCLIMATE項(xiàng)目在設(shè)計(jì)過程中對(duì)氣候條件進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的模擬，以通過地形改造、種植策略及經(jīng)過計(jì)算的空間協(xié)同效應(yīng)最大程度地改善熱舒適度及空氣質(zhì)量。其中包括了林冠與水體的交替出現(xiàn)，開放空間的設(shè)計(jì)也利用當(dāng)?shù)叵募臼⑿械臇|南風(fēng)，促進(jìn)了整個(gè)場(chǎng)地的自然降溫，使場(chǎng)地四季宜人?；诖罅恳寻l(fā)表的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，項(xiàng)目中微氣候的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)整體規(guī)

20、劃中生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)將帶來的社會(huì)生態(tài)效益進(jìn)行了量化。據(jù)估計(jì)，張家浜公園中將種植至少10萬(wàn)棵樹木，這將為整個(gè)場(chǎng)地帶來切實(shí)的微氣候效益并有效減少污染。現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)表明，得益于微氣候的營(yíng)造，公園中的氣溫可比上海市區(qū)低37C，這對(duì)于身處熱浪中的市民而言將是一大福音。而公園中相對(duì)較深的湖泊也可利用其處于上風(fēng)向的優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)熱傳遞與蒸發(fā)降溫，為整個(gè)公園帶來陣陣宜人涼風(fēng)。Thedesignprocessincludeddetailedclimatemodeling,withthegoalofmaximizingthermalcomfortandairqualitybenefitsthroughlandforms,p

21、lantingstrategies,andcalculatedspatialsynergies.Theprogramisconfiguredsuchthatalternatingforestcanopy,waterbodies,andopenfieldsarealignedwithprevailingsoutheastsummerwindstoenhancepassivecoolingandprovidefourseasonchoices.Thismicroclimatedesignisrichlyinformedbypublishedscientificdatawhichwasemploye

22、dtoquantifythesocio-ecologicalbenefitsofecosystemservicesprovidedbythemasterplan.Anestimatedminimumof100,000treeswillbeplantedinZhangjiabangPark,providingtangiblemicroclimatebenefitsandpollutionmitigation.Existingdatasuggeststhatthemicroclimateoftheparkwillbeontheorderof3-7degreesCelsiuscoolerthando

23、wntownShanghai,providingsignificantpublichealthbenefitsduringheatwaves.Zhangjiabangsrelativelydeeplakewillprovideincreasedheattransferandevaporativecoolingatanupwindpositionthatwilldecreasedownwindtemperaturesthroughouttheentirepark.IllIIIIIoIII|仙jiiin11ZHANGMAXIrdZES*TsCftWALCOMPOSIAKlAft、OtiAirryh

24、EkEfftsnrfioufiHPLANTIHiS$TftATEGlEi.*ANDCALtULArEO環(huán)仲LOONFICURAT1CIN5JRESTOREECCLDfflfBtSnhGCHAlLEJCFSENHANCEMKTRDCLWiTEHIM屜UTTDTHE口FTLi|tFrio-T建立持續(xù)的社會(huì)參與過程BUILDINGAROBUSTENGAGEMENTPROCESS張家浜公園在文化活動(dòng)方面開展了創(chuàng)新性的線上活動(dòng)，用戶可以按時(shí)間和類別情景化地瀏覽活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，這吸引了眾多市民的參與和支持。該項(xiàng)舉措使得設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)令客戶、來自不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家和專家、地區(qū)級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)，以及其他對(duì)本項(xiàng)目感興趣的團(tuán)體參與到

25、規(guī)劃過程中來。設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)反復(fù)聽取交互會(huì)議中獲取的信息，并應(yīng)用到對(duì)公園元素及其配置的優(yōu)化中。CulturalprogrammingforZhangjiabangParkgainedstakeholderinputthroughthedevelopmentofaninnovativeonlinetoolthatallowsuserstospatiallyvisualizeprogramelementsacrosstimeandbydifferentcategories.ThisallowedtheSasakiteamtoengagetheclient,awiderangeofscientistsan

26、dexperts,regionaldesigninstitutes,andotherinterestgroupsintheplanningprocess.Informationgleanedfrominteractivemeetingswastheniterativelyusedtorefinetheparkselementsandtheirconfiguration.L曲嘶J期陽(yáng)CF-AftKTKBtST花點(diǎn)鞏用MT騒TRiW-r.iOAN&MOPCHLinW亠JTTTflLBffe器匚MTINlOUEHUMAN-SCA4.?UTEIiESTCHAr+iM丸ilJACEAnOEWLOOCAl

27、,COMTEkT砧ITTftAJIllQMSSlTHOUfiHFDAESTSGftOES,jSifETLAHD5.MEADESAhDX-ftEiLNATIQhlZH4rtj2l*flAEGTWlEKEE3T啊打5MA46MAIFTHAST起EXfiTlHGCHAlLElESRtKSHEECQWK?-A曲忖OELDiMO-FMEAOOU-MLAkMNGED-.mArTh(客T0NL.rgrrSfc、THERMOCOWOITHTHEPAUK,LSUTALSOPCMfiECftJTtLUUrrAT卡gByTlERFixs.匪E*BC-rbC-twEPPOL4I&TD粘-醬舊ftEiffLEIiEKI

28、OrIKZiJLIMMMrjWTWTXBUIKiJW2HirnH九刖ILKtTrflFQL.丄刪攻Allx貿(mào)伍.3fiijvtaJogEAnriFJLLHAUJNfcKTejACEOklXiYCOralElhSTlScj與城市連通CONNECTEDTOTHECITY公園周邊為面積3.46平方公里的公共交通導(dǎo)向型中等密度混合用地開發(fā)帶。原先空閑的工業(yè)地塊如今已被整合為一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的公共開放空間，服務(wù)于兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的城市核心區(qū)。形式多樣而又彼此連通的游道在宜人的尺度上提供了連續(xù)而變化的景致和生態(tài)環(huán)境，人們可以在森林、樹叢、帶有木棧道的濕地、草甸、草坪和各種場(chǎng)所之間穿梭徜徉。而城市中的主要游線則串聯(lián)起場(chǎng)地中

29、的主要活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所，將兩個(gè)城市核心區(qū)緊密地聯(lián)系了起來。Totaling8.4squarekilometers,the4.94squarekilometerparkisboundedby3.46squarekilometersofmediumdensity,transit-oriented,mixed-usedevelopment.Vacantindustrialparcelsareconsolidatedintoaunifiedpublicopenspaceanchoredbytwokeyurbancores.Themultipleconnectivetrailsoffercontinuoushu

30、man-scaleinterest,changingsurface,andecologicalcontextastheytransitionthroughforests,groves,boardwalkwetlands,meadows,lawns,anddestinationnodes.Theurbanspinetrailthreadsthroughprimaryeventspacesandprovidesastronglinkbetweenthetwourbancenters.Zhangjiabangseasternflankincludesalargerecreationalcomplex

31、ofplayfieldsenvelopedbylowforestedtopographyandsituatedadjacenttoasubwaystation.Aplayfullabyrinth,sculpturegardens,andinnovativeplaylandscapesprovidemanyoptionsforfamilies.Intotal,the26.5kilometertrailsystemprovides18.5kilometersofuniversallyaccessiblepathsand8kilometersofunpavedtrailsthroughoutthep

32、ark.-nJil4kmIMhMThI4TtafiNirtftCuhuiidk06pHitHhUqIhULfrbjn1tri!Lmp5rd!IUhmJ94undiLm聞EiRECREATIONALPIAmhdhrMrfVisitorCenterXI8WRx.ngrxey、Zn0畑hHmnjMSetiprcpRParkEntryPlaiJKneFbwgPartevicviNORTHURBANCOREilFrontTw-LnedStreet*AarkotAnchorJMeteStationTkANSrrgEED、mxEDajSEdevelopment、A9UTTINGTMPARKPOCuSESON

33、CIVICAMENITIESITBUILDSASTROMS$7hR6YBETWEENTHE”AKANDTHCTRAA0T定、STATIONMark?!pbeeHubRekil&En:cffAlnmcMCenterjfjSEXJSTKGCHMLIKGESFSTO1ECXOGYEN*WCEMCROCLIV/TECOWiECTTOTHEOTYJi-IEEl,H更TrwC吃崔OHT區(qū)MCTiq包/T如*sSOEAAr-E潮柚EHvPcmtHT/rrippiiiNHifair.ui.i.ki|i-im7.11-=H張家浜公園的東側(cè)設(shè)有一個(gè)大型的綜合娛樂設(shè)施，活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地為矮林環(huán)繞，且與地鐵站毗鄰，交通便捷。

34、場(chǎng)地中充滿趣味的迷宮、雕塑花園及創(chuàng)新性游樂景觀，為家庭活動(dòng)提供了更加多樣的選擇。總體而言，在全長(zhǎng)26.5公里的游道系統(tǒng)中包括18.5公里的無(wú)障礙區(qū)段與8公里的未經(jīng)鋪砌的園中道路。張家浜公園的城市開發(fā)地塊方案始終遵循綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的最佳實(shí)踐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其目的是減少暴雨徑流量、改善公園中的水體水質(zhì)。街道可將雨水排入生物過濾系統(tǒng)中，該生物過濾系統(tǒng)亦是人行道和車行道的緩沖帶，使行人免受車流交通的影響。設(shè)有排水暗渠的行道樹池，以及人行道和自行車道下方結(jié)構(gòu)性土壤的大量使用將顯著提高行道樹的健康與活力水平，進(jìn)而提高樹木的地下蓄水力。TheurbandevelopmentparcelsofZhangjiabangadheretobestpracticestandardsforgreeninfrastructureinordertoreducestormwaterquantityandfurtherimprovewaterqualitythroughoutthepark.Streetswilldrainintostormwaterbiofiltrationsystemst