Aspen_Plus石油煉制過程的模擬解析課件

1、Aspen Plus高級(jí)班石油煉制過程的模擬2022/7/24高級(jí)精餾在化工領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用RADFRAC單元操作模型的應(yīng)用、收斂方法和參數(shù)的選?。蝗嗾麴s、萃取蒸餾、共沸蒸餾和反應(yīng)蒸餾等特殊蒸餾過程的模擬；電解質(zhì)過程的模擬等。 2022/7/24石油煉制過程的模擬方法 以一套典型的常減壓裝置為主線，講授下列5部分內(nèi)容：1) 油品餾程分析數(shù)據(jù)的處理；2) 初餾塔的模擬計(jì)算；3) 常壓塔的模擬計(jì)算；4) 減壓塔的模擬計(jì)算；5) 計(jì)算原油中所含雜質(zhì)硫在各種產(chǎn)品中的分布。 2022/7/24掌握如下新的內(nèi)容：1) 石油煉制過程蒸餾單元的模擬步驟；2) 流程模擬軟件中石油餾份的特殊處理方法；3) 掌握PET

2、ROFRAC單元操作模型的使用；4) 產(chǎn)品中雜質(zhì)分布的計(jì)算。 2022/7/24復(fù)習(xí)：建立流程模擬模型的基本步驟確定模擬范圍，繪制模擬流程圖；將已知條件輸入相應(yīng)表格：SETUPCOMPONENTSPROPERTIESSTREAMSBLOKS。運(yùn)行模擬計(jì)算檢查結(jié)果2022/7/24油品分析和虛擬組分目標(biāo):學(xué)習(xí)輸入石油分析數(shù)據(jù), 創(chuàng)建調(diào)和組分(油品混合), 以及表征石油餾分Aspen Plus 參考資料: User Guide, Chapter 6, Specifying Components User Guide, Chapter 32, Petroleum Assays and Pseudoc

3、omponents本章概況表征石油流體的挑戰(zhàn)油品餾程數(shù)據(jù)和性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)的輸入蒸餾曲線的轉(zhuǎn)換生成虛擬組分油品調(diào)和用戶自定義的虛擬組分2022/7/24石油的表征石油是烴類化合物和雜質(zhì)組成的寬沸程的混合物. 石油或石油餾分的性質(zhì)取決于它們的組成，但是其組成難以定量分析石油用虛擬組分(pseudocomponents)來表征, 虛擬組分是蒸餾曲線上較小的片斷. 每一個(gè)虛擬組分的基本性質(zhì)由下列關(guān)聯(lián)式來計(jì)算:分子量(MW)正常沸點(diǎn)(TBP)重度或者 Watson UOP K2022/7/24Assays 和 Blends 組分Assay Data(TBP, D86)PseudocomponentsAssay

4、-1Assay-2BlendPseudocomponents輸入輸出2022/7/24輸入油品餾程分析數(shù)據(jù)1.在 Data Browser下面, 選擇Components, 然后選 Assay-Blend.2.在 Assay-Blend 目標(biāo)管理器下, 創(chuàng)建一個(gè) assay 并且提供一個(gè)名稱(ID).3. 在BasicDataDistCurve表中，輸入蒸餾曲線數(shù)據(jù).4.在BasicDataDistCurve表中，輸入油品重度，或者在BasicData Gravity/UOPK表中，輸入重度曲線或UOPK曲線數(shù)據(jù).虛擬組分將在模擬計(jì)算之初自動(dòng)生成.2022/7/24ASSAY組分的表征輸入蒸餾

5、曲線蒸餾曲線分割為很多個(gè)片段 (TBP Cut points)每一個(gè)片段生成一個(gè)虛擬組分每一個(gè)虛擬組分的性質(zhì)以下列參數(shù)的平均值為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行估算：分子量 (MW)正常沸點(diǎn) (NBP)密度或比重 (API or SG)虛擬組分的流率在流股結(jié)果表中報(bào)告.2022/7/24Assay組分BasicData DistCurve 表2022/7/24重度的規(guī)定油品整體重度 比重API 重度重度曲線 比重API 重度 API=141.5/SG-131.5Watson UOPK 曲線 NBP=(UOPK*SG)32022/7/24Assay組分BasicData Gravity/UOPK 表2022/7/24蒸

6、餾曲線蒸餾曲線類型:ASTM D86, D1160, D2887實(shí)沸點(diǎn)蒸餾曲線 (TBP) (重量或體積基準(zhǔn))真空蒸餾曲線 (重量或體積基準(zhǔn))每一個(gè)蒸餾曲線至少需要輸入4個(gè)點(diǎn).報(bào)告中的蒸餾曲線為:ASTM D86ASTM D1160Vacuum (liquid volume)2022/7/24油品分析數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算程序Version 9 或更新的版本 Version 8 或更老的版本蒸餾曲線轉(zhuǎn)換方法ASTM D86 至實(shí)沸點(diǎn) (True boiling point)EdmisterEdmister-Okamota PMLD2887 至 True boiling pointAPI87API94TBPW

7、T蒸餾曲線計(jì)算方法2022/7/24曲線處理選項(xiàng)初餾點(diǎn) (Initial boiling point)0.5% (缺省)終餾點(diǎn) (Final boiling point)99% (default)外延方法Probability (缺省)Quadratic鋸齒段擬合方法Harwell (缺省)Hermite曲線處理選項(xiàng)在 ComponentsPetroCharacterization AnalysisOptions AssayProcedure表上.蒸餾曲線計(jì)算方法 (續(xù))2022/7/24虛擬組分從油品分析數(shù)據(jù)生成. 你可以規(guī)定切割溫度或切割片段(窄餾份)的寬度.ComponentsPetro

8、CharacterizationGenerationCuts表上，規(guī)定切割溫度等.缺省值是40個(gè)切割點(diǎn):TBP Range(F)100 - 800No. of CutsIncrements(F)800 - 1200 1200 - 160028842550100切割溫度2022/7/24蒸餾曲線的切割2022/7/24虛擬組分性質(zhì)用Watson/UOP “K”和API關(guān)聯(lián)式估算：典型地10 UOPK 13此處10.0 表示芳烴含量很高13.0 表示烷烴含量很高2022/7/24所生成虛擬組分的命名ComponentsPetro CharacterizationGeneration 規(guī)定命名選項(xiàng)自

9、動(dòng)生成的名稱可以是:實(shí)際計(jì)算出來的 NBP (如: PC864F)沸程下限溫度 (如: PC800F)沸程上限溫度 (如: PC900F)用戶選擇的順序號(hào) (如: PC1, PC2 )用戶定義的名稱2022/7/24附加的ASSAY組分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)可選的性質(zhì)曲線:輕端組分分析 (light-ends matching)比重或者API重度曲線Watson UOPK 曲線分子量曲線性質(zhì)曲線 (多于30種性質(zhì))絕對(duì) & 動(dòng)力粘度曲線如果輸入油品整體性質(zhì)，單獨(dú)的曲線數(shù)值被歸一到整體性質(zhì).可以應(yīng)用用戶性質(zhì)曲線2022/7/24Assays組分的用戶性質(zhì)曲線在表格PropertiesAdvancedUser Pr

10、operties 上，建立用戶性質(zhì)曲線. 在表格中激活 Assay Curve properties 選項(xiàng)在 表格ComponentAssay/BlendProperty Curve上，輸入用戶性質(zhì)曲線的數(shù)據(jù)。對(duì)于高度非線性調(diào)和現(xiàn)象，如馬達(dá)法辛烷值，建議使用用戶調(diào)和子程序。2022/7/24性質(zhì)曲線的流股計(jì)算性質(zhì)曲線被切割為與虛擬組分同樣多的片段。為每一個(gè)片段計(jì)算出平均的性質(zhì)數(shù)值流股的性質(zhì)數(shù)值由虛擬組分以及它們?cè)诹鞴芍械臐舛茸稣{(diào)和計(jì)算得出計(jì)算虛擬組分混合物的性質(zhì)，有各種調(diào)和計(jì)算選項(xiàng)。2022/7/24石油性質(zhì)的調(diào)和石油性質(zhì)調(diào)和方法:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體積 (StdVol)摩爾 (Mole)質(zhì)量 (Mass)

11、用戶 (User)用于性質(zhì)計(jì)算的用戶調(diào)和子程序：用戶子程序名稱為 BLDPPU.“調(diào)和選項(xiàng)”可以規(guī)定.性質(zhì)可以外延與否.在 Components Petro CharacterizationAnalysis OptionsBlend Options 上，調(diào)和規(guī)則可以修改。2022/7/24Assay(石油)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 軟件內(nèi)置的Assay 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，包含 194 種石油的分析數(shù)據(jù), 其中有:- 來自Phillips 石油數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的10 種石油 -來自文獻(xiàn)的184種石油 在 Component SpecificationsPetroleum表，查找Assay 庫(kù)文件。和Phillips Petroleu

12、m 石油分析數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的接口，其中收集了超過250種石油的數(shù)據(jù) *需要與Phillips Petroleum簽訂License協(xié)議。2022/7/24Assay(石油)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)每一種石油至少提供如下信息:餾程分析重度 和/或 重度曲線某些石油有附加的性質(zhì)曲線:苯胺點(diǎn)閃點(diǎn)凝固點(diǎn)硫含量金屬含量硫醇研究法/馬達(dá)法 辛烷值烷烴環(huán)烷烴芳烴雷諾蒸汽壓2022/7/24訪問Assay數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)2022/7/24創(chuàng)建Blends組分通過規(guī)定blend 中每個(gè)assay 的百分?jǐn)?shù)，由assay創(chuàng)建blend.調(diào)和可以是 Mole, Mass, 或 StdVol基準(zhǔn).要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)blend，至少規(guī)定2個(gè)assay組分.一個(gè)b

13、lend中的 assay的數(shù)量沒有上限.報(bào)告中的蒸餾曲線為:ASTM D86ASTM D1160Vacuum (liquid volume)2022/7/24輸入 Blend組分1.在數(shù)據(jù)瀏覽器 Data Browser, 選擇組分 Components, 然后選擇 Assay-Blend.2.In the Assay-Blend 目標(biāo)管理器, 創(chuàng)建一個(gè) blend 并且提供名稱(ID ).3.在Mixture Specifications表上，輸入各 assay 組分的調(diào)和分?jǐn)?shù).虛擬組分將在模擬計(jì)算之初自動(dòng)生成.2022/7/24Blend組分之 MixtureSpecifications表

14、2022/7/24Assay/Blend 結(jié)果Assay/blend 的計(jì)算結(jié)果 可以在表格 ComponentsAssay-Blend Results查看. 每一個(gè)assay 或 blend 組分有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的結(jié)果表格(results form).2022/7/24GenerationCuts 表格2022/7/24虛擬組分的生成缺省情況, 一套完整的虛擬組分由輸入的所有 assay組分生成.在表格ComponentsPetro Characterization Generation Specifications上，用戶可以規(guī)定生成虛擬組分時(shí)，包括/不包括特別的assay.只有在表格 Gene

15、rationSpecifications上選出的assays和 blends ，才用于生成虛擬組分。在表格 GenerationSpecifications上未選用的Assays or blends，將不被使用， 它們的IDs 不在 流股輸入表格上顯示. 2022/7/24虛擬組分命名虛擬組分的命名約定計(jì)算出的沸點(diǎn) (例如： PC125, PC136, )規(guī)定起始編號(hào)切割溫度上限 (例如：將225-250F 窄餾份命名為PC250)切割溫度下限 (例如：將225-250F 窄餾份命名為PC225)用戶定義的名稱列表 在表格 Components Petro CharacterizationGe

16、nerationNaming Options 上，規(guī)定命名約定.如果你要將Aspen Plus 生成的虛擬組分與反應(yīng)器或者分離模塊關(guān)聯(lián)，應(yīng)使用用戶定義的名稱列表。2022/7/24GenerationNamingOptions表格2022/7/241. 在表格 ComponentsSpecificationsSelection上， 輸入組分 IDs 并且選擇 Pseudocomponent類型。2.在表格 ComponentsPseudocomponentsSpecifications 上, 至少提供下列參數(shù)中的兩個(gè)： 正常沸點(diǎn) NBP, 重度 Gravity (Specific gravit

17、y, API gravity, or Liquid density), 分子量 Molecular weightAspen Plus 可以估算第3性質(zhì).3.可選地, 輸入與溫度相關(guān)的性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù):液相粘度 Liquid viscosity水溶解度 Water solubility飽和蒸汽壓 Vapor pressure定義用戶虛擬組分2022/7/24虛擬組分規(guī)定表格2022/7/24虛擬組分物性方法方法名稱描述API-METHCOAL-LIQLKAPI-TWUAPI procedureCorrelations for coal-liquid fractionsLee Kesler correla

18、tionsAPI procedure with Twu correlationsfor critical propertiesASPEN (default)API procedure with Aspen modifications注意: 不要將虛擬組分物性方法與流程模擬物性方法混淆， 前者只是用于虛擬組分石油性質(zhì)參數(shù)的計(jì)算。2022/7/24虛擬組分計(jì)算結(jié)果生成的虛擬組分在表格 Components Petro CharacterizationResults上瀏覽檢查。2022/7/24表格Analysis OptionsAssay Procedure2022/7/24石油性質(zhì)模型基本的虛擬

19、組分性質(zhì)模型分子量 Molecular Weight臨界溫度 Critical Temperature臨界壓力 Critical Pressure臨界體積 Critical Volume偏心因子 Accentric Factor飽和蒸汽壓 Vapor Pressure液相摩爾體積 Liquid Molar Volume水溶解度 Water Solubility粘度 Viscosity基本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型可以在表格ComponentsPetro CharacterizationProperties MethodsBasic 上修改。2022/7/24石油性質(zhì)模型 (續(xù))虛擬組分熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)模型理

20、想氣體熱容 Ideal Gas Heat Capacity汽化焓 Enthalpy of Vaporization標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生成焓 Standard Enthalpy of Formation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生成自由能 Standard Free Energy of Formation基本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型可以在表格ComponentsPetro Characterization Properties MethodsThermodynamic上修改.2022/7/24石油性質(zhì)模型 (續(xù))虛擬組分狀態(tài)方程(EOS)性質(zhì)模型RKS Interaction ParametersBWR Orientation Para

21、meterBWR Critical TemperatureBWR Critical Volume基本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型可以在表格ComponentsPetro Characterization Properties MethodsEOS上修改.2022/7/24石油交互作用參數(shù)虛擬組分與下列常規(guī)組分的交互作用參數(shù)Kijs :H2SN2CO2COH2CH42022/7/24物性方法的修改用戶可以建立自己的虛擬組分石油性質(zhì)方法.各種性質(zhì)的計(jì)算模型可以改變.大多數(shù)虛擬組分性質(zhì)可以應(yīng)用子程序.在線幫助中有每一種性質(zhì)方法的簡(jiǎn)要說明2022/7/24流程模擬計(jì)算在流程模擬計(jì)算期間, 不區(qū)分虛擬組分和真實(shí)組

22、分.產(chǎn)品流股中的虛擬組分調(diào)和在一起，并且生成蒸餾曲線產(chǎn)品終餾點(diǎn) (即 D86 95% point) 或者初餾點(diǎn) (D86 5% point) 可以規(guī)定為單元操作的性能指標(biāo)：塔內(nèi)部的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定用于其它單元操作的外部設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定2022/7/24檢查蒸餾塔各產(chǎn)品之間的分離效果(重疊度)2022/7/24Petroleum Properties and Property SetsObjective:Become familiar with petroleum properties and learn the use of stream analysisAspen Plus References: User

23、 Guide, Chapter 32, Petroleum Assays and PseudocomponentsPetroleum PropertiesReid vapor pressureAPI and specific gravityWatson UOP K factorAniline pointPour pointFlash pointCetane numberCarbon to hydrogen ratioGross heating value2022/7/24Petroleum Properties (Continued)Mean and volume average boilin

24、g pointHydrate formation pressure and temperatureRefractive indexLiquid viscosity indexD86 temperatures at (0, 5, 10, 95%)D1160 temperatures at (0, 5, 10, 95%)D2887 temperatures at (0, 5, 10, 95%)TBP temperaturesVacuum temperatures2022/7/24Petroleum Properties (Continued)Properties (curves) from Ass

25、ay AnalysisPointsAniline, cloud, flash, freeze, smokeContentsAromatic, olefin, paraffin, naphthalene, mercaptanC, H, O, NImpurities: S, V, Fe, NiIndices:Antiknock, vapor knock, refractive, warm-upNumbers:Motor and research octaneLuminometerViscosityGenerally input curves for assays to generate these

26、 curves for product streams is needed.2022/7/24Distillation CurvesVolume and weight basisASTM D86ASTM D1160ASTM D2887 (weight percent only)VacuumTBPAPI GravityGravity MW2022/7/24Property SetsA property set (Prop-Set) is a way of accessing a collection, or set, of properties as an object with a user-

27、given name. Only the name of the property set is referenced when using the properties in an application.Use property sets to report thermodynamic, transport, and other property values.Current property set applications include:Design specifications, Fortran blocks, sensitivityStream reportsPhysical p

28、roperty tables (Property Analysis)Tray properties (RadFrac, PetroFrac, etc.)Heating/cooling curves (Flash2, MHeatX, etc.)2022/7/24Properties included in Prop-SetsProperties commonly included in property sets include:API- API gravitySGSTD - Standard specific gravity (60 F, 1 atm)REIDVP- Reid vapor pr

29、essureD86T - D86 temperatureMUMX - ViscosityAvailable properties include:Thermodynamic properties of components in a mixturePure component thermodynamic propertiesTransport propertiesElectrolyte propertiesPetroleum-related propertiesReference: Aspen Plus Physical Property Data Reference Manual, Chap

30、ter 4, Property Sets has a complete list of properties that can be included in a property set.2022/7/24Defining Property SetsSpecifications for a property set include:Property name and unitsTemperature and pressure at which to calculateInclude or exclude waterphase qualifier (V, L, L1, L2, T, S) 202

31、2/7/24Specifying Property SetsUse the Properties Prop-Sets form to specify properties in a property set.The Search button can be used to search for a property.All specified qualifiers apply to each property specified, where applicable.Users can define new properties on the Properties Advanced User-P

32、roperties form by providing a Fortran subroutine.2022/7/24Predefined Property SetsSome simulation Templates contain predefined property sets. The following table lists predefined property sets and the types of properties they contain for the General Template:2022/7/24Predefined Petroleum Prop-Sets (

33、Continued) Predefined Prop-Sets with the Petroleum Application template:PREDEFINEDPROPERTY SETTYPES OF PROPERTIESCUTS - E Volumetric flow rate of petroleum cuts at 100F intervals D86 - 5 ASTM D86 temperature at 5% liquid volume distilled D86 - 95 ASTM D86 temperature at 95% liquid volume distilledGA

34、S - PROPS Compressibility, volumetric flow rate, heat capacity ratio KINVISC Liquid kinematic viscosity at 100F and 212F LIGHT Petroleum characteristics for light distillates MIDDLE Petroleum characteristics for middle distillates PETRO Volumetric flowrate, gravity, Watson K, distillation curves TBP

35、-5 True boiling point temp. at 5% liquid volume distilled TBP-95 True boiling point temp. at 95% liquid volume distilled2022/7/24Petroleum Prop-SetsMost petroleum properties are calculated from input property curves.Some petroleum properties are calculated from correlations (FLSH-API, POUR-API)Prope

36、rties are accessed and used in exactly the same way as other prop-set properties2022/7/24Stream Results OptionsOn the Setup Report Options Stream sheet, use: Flow Basis and Fraction Basis check-boxes to specify how stream composition is reportedProperty Sets button to specify names of property sets

37、containing additional properties to be reported for each stream2022/7/24Prop-sets Discussion1. Give two reasons that a property set is needed.2. How do you define a property set?3. A user defined a prop-set for viscosity and then ran the simulation. After the simulation was complete, he opened the s

38、tream results. To his surprise, he did not see viscosity. What happened?2022/7/24PetroFracObjective:Introduce the features of the PetroFrac model and its use in simulating a crude towerAspen Plus References: Unit Operation Models Reference Manual, Chapter 4, ColumnsCharacteristics of Refining Proces

39、sWide boiling range fluidsLarge temperature gradients along columnMost fluid compositions are unknown but their distillation analysis is knownThree phase with free waterSide strippers and pumparoundsPetroleum specific physical propertiesHigh degree of heat integrationMetal and sulfur contents2022/7/

40、24Petroleum Refining ApplicationsPetroFrac is a distillation model specifically designed for petroleum refining applications:preflash towercrude unitvacuum unitvacuum lube fractionatorFCC main fractionatordelayed coker main fractionatorquench tower/primary fractionator 2022/7/24PetroFrac FeaturesInt

41、egration of furnace, column, side stripper and pumparoundADA/PCS for assay input, crude blend and breakdownConversion between different ASTM curvesUser specification of cutsPetroleum oriented specificationsTray and packing sizing and ratingOther featuresInitialization and convergence2022/7/24Example

42、 Crude TowerGASDECANT WATERNAPHTHAJET FUELKEROSENEDIESEL GAS OILRESIDCRUDE FEEDSTEAM2022/7/24PetroFrac - ConnectivityVapor DistillateBottomsFeedsFeedsOverflashPumparoundPumparoundStripper BottomsLiq ReturnSide ProductsOverheadLiquid DistillateWater DistillateFeedHeatBottom Stage orReboiler Heat Duty

43、Top Stage or Cond. Heat DutyHeat or Reboiler Heat DutySteam Feed2022/7/24PetroFrac - Flowsheet ConnectivityAny number of pumparounds and side strippersSteam or reboiler strippersStripper hot liquid returnMultiple feeds to strippersTotal pumparound and product drawoffsInterstage water decantersHeat s

44、treams for pumparound coolersPseudostreams2022/7/24PetroFrac - Model SpecificationsSetup form (required)Number of stagesCondenser and ReboilerDistillate rate, Bottoms rate, Condenser duty, Reboiler duty, or Reflux RatioFeed/Product (required)Feed convention: furnace, on-stage, above-stagePres-Profil

45、e (required)PumparoundsStrippers2022/7/24PetroFrac - Pumparound SpecificationsDraw and return stage locations (required)For total drawoffs, specify one of the following:return temperaturetemperature change (negative if cooled)duty (negative if cooled)For partial drawoffs, specify liquid flow rate an

46、d one of the above.2022/7/24PetroFrac - Side Stripper SpecificationsStage NumberFor each stripper, the trays are numbered from top to bottom starting with stage 1.Steam StripperSpecifying a steam-to-product ratio will override the steam flow rate.Reboiler StripperSpecify a reboiler duty.2022/7/24Pet

47、roFrac - Side StripperConventionsLiquid draw always goes to the stripper top stage.Vapor always returns to the main columnOther SpecificationsA fraction of the stripper bottoms can be returned to the main columnMultiple drawoffs from different stages as feeds to the same stripper are allowed 2022/7/

48、24PetroFrac - Other SpecificationsSteam to product flow ratio (mass)Feed overflashFurnace outlet temperatureLiquid runback from a stageASTM temps and gapsPetroleum properties (RVP, flash point, pour point, etc)Murphree efficiencyMultiple property option specificationsFree water calcs in the condense

49、r or on all traysBlocks PetroFrac Properties form to specify internal stages checked for free water - condenser is checked automaticallyTray/packing2022/7/24PetroFrac - Design SpecificationsMeet product property by varying:stripping steam flow rate/reboiler dutyproduct flow ratepumparound flow rate

50、or return temperaturefurnace temperatureMeet a particular stage temperature by varying:furnace outlet temperaturepumparound flow rate or return temperatureMeet product flow rate by varying:furnace outlet temperature2022/7/24PetroFrac - DefinitionsRunbackLiquid flow rate from a stage to a lower stage

51、, equivalent to stage liquid flow rate less side drawsThe Runback form is used to specify the runback from a stage. The manipulated variable is the pumparound duty or flow rateLiquid FlowIn PetroFrac, stage liquid flow reported in the tray profile is the sum of runback, side draw, and pumparound.In

52、RadFrac, stage liquid flow excludes any side product draw and pumparound. 2022/7/24Outside LoopPhysical Properties (ai, KB, HV, HL)Inside Loopcmi = cmi outyi = Ki xiS xi = 1.0, S yi = 1.0S Hi in = S Hi outl, v, x, y,L = S li, V = S vi TInside loop solved byNewton method withor without log-legPetroFr

53、ac - ConvergenceSum-Rates variant of the inside-out algorithm2022/7/24PetroFrac - ConvergenceAlgorithm: sum-rates variant of the inside-outInitialization: designed for refining applicationTo enhance convergence:provide column/stripper temperature estimatesvary convergence damping factors to enhance

54、stabilitychange design specifications2022/7/24PetroFrac - Summary1.PetroFrac combines Furnace, Column, Pumparound, and Sidestripper into one model which makes the simulation easy to setup and converge.2.Feed characteristics can be user input or from the assay library.3.Multiple feeds can be blended

55、to create a feed mixture.4.Additional properties of a particular product can be reported by adding property sets.5.Runback from a stage is the liquid flow rate leaving the stage and entering the stage below. Runback and liquid flow can be different.6.Most crude towers do not have a reboiler at the bottom. Either the bottom steam rate or the furnace duty is varied to meet the energy requirement (energy balance).2022/7/24PetroFrac - Discussion1.RadFrac and MultiFrac can also be used to simulate the crude tower. Why choose PetroFrac?2. If you have the characteristics of all the pr