Westward-movement---西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)解析課件

1、Westward MovementA important part of Amercian historyIntroductionGold RushBackground Process and resultsEffectsMy opinions1234567Films about the Westward movementIntroduction American Westward Movement, a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between

2、 the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward movement, across what was often called the American frontier, was of enormous significance. By expanding the nations borders to include more than t

3、hree million square miles, the United States became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, and cultural loss for the Native Americans of North America.Background1.The constant expansion of America from the Atlantic

4、 coast to the Pacific coast , more and more people immigrated to Americia .2.In the west region, there is a vast land and rich resources, but a few people in there.3.The constant expansion of Amercia capitalism.Process and results美國獨(dú)立以后，廢除了英國政府頒布的禁止移民向西進(jìn)的敕令，許多來自東部沿海地區(qū)和歐洲的移民紛紛越過阿巴拉契亞山脈涌向西部。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，阿巴拉契亞以

5、西的人口在1810年只占美國總?cè)丝诘?/7，10年以后增長(zhǎng)為1/4。這些移民當(dāng)中，既有南部的奴隸主，也有北部的土地投機(jī)商；但人數(shù)最多的還是一般貧苦的拓荒者獵人、礦工、牧民和農(nóng)民，后者是為謀生來到西部的，他們成為西部早期移民的主體。西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)有過三次高潮。第一次是18世紀(jì)末到19世紀(jì)初，當(dāng)時(shí)美國從法國手里購得路易斯安那，大批移民紛紛涌向西部，開拓俄亥俄、肯塔基和田納西等地區(qū)，為后來日益擴(kuò)大的中西部產(chǎn)糧區(qū)奠定了基礎(chǔ)；第二次是1815年以后，移民們?cè)诖蠛^(qū)開拓，建立了美國谷物生產(chǎn)和畜牧業(yè)的基地，同時(shí)在南方的瀕臨墨西哥灣介于佐治亞南部與路易斯安那之間的平原地區(qū)，建立棉花種植園，擴(kuò)大了南部的奴隸制種植園經(jīng)

6、濟(jì)；第三次高潮是19世紀(jì)中期，開拓了俄勒岡、加利福尼亞等地。到1890年，西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)正式結(jié)束。西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是交織在一起的，在西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中，西部得到開發(fā)，大大促進(jìn)了美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展；但是，隨著西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的進(jìn)行，大批印第安人遭到屠殺，幸存者被強(qiáng)行趕到更為荒涼的“保留地”，他們的被迫遷徙之路也被稱為印第安人的“眼淚之路”。Positive effects Population: Also, the Westward Movement is a large-scale immigration. These immigrates helped to build a lot of cities such

7、 as San Francisco, Los Angeles and so on. Agriculture: After the Westward Movement , the Midwest quickly became a well-known “grain base”. This movement helped to bring mechanization, regionalization and specialization to Americas agriculture.Industrialization: The development of agriculture in the

8、western region provided for industrial development a large amount of food, raw materials, exports and domestic markets. With abundant natural resources there, such as coal, iron ore, oil and water, its industry developed very fast.Many :Transportation: From the 19th century, the government had built

9、 5 railway lines across the west and the east.politics and democracy: The government made laws to establish the relationship between the western states and federal government. Spirit: It inspired Americans creativity , economic vitality and the character of adventure.And so on.Negative effects Many

10、indians were killed by AmericanDistructed the ecological inviromentMy opinions1. It is inhuman that those Americans killed a lot of Indians, and they always emphasize the human rights, how redicular it is.2.Every coin has two sides, and their spirits was what we need now in China, for example, they

11、pursuited the wonderfull life, they pursiuted the wealth, they had very strong will to construct their homes, their country, it was that what we need today. We neednt to learn what they have done to the Indians, but we have to concede their spirits and learn it. 3. All in all, the Westward Movement

12、was of great values in Americas history. To some degrees, it helped to improve Americas international status.Without the Westward Movement, America could not have such a great success in this world!淘金熱（Gold Rush)淘金熱是美國西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物，也是其中極為重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。對(duì)美國18-19世紀(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)，農(nóng)業(yè)擴(kuò)張交通革命，工商業(yè)發(fā)展具有重要的意義。淘金熱是由于西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展引發(fā)的人口遷移為開

13、端的。在人口第三次大規(guī)模的浪潮來臨之際，美國移民薩特在加利福尼亞的薩克拉門托附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦，并有冒險(xiǎn)商人、操縱者、土地投機(jī)家布蘭那使金礦發(fā)現(xiàn)的消息擴(kuò)大到全世界。西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展首先是由于布蘭那在加利福尼亞的企業(yè)中首次與顧客用金沙交換商品并從中捕獲商機(jī)開始的，由于他的宣傳在一定程度上產(chǎn)生了經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。更為重要的是美國政府的支持和引導(dǎo)。美國政府支持西部牛仔向西部披荊斬棘，并在淘金熱興起前后準(zhǔn)備正式兼并加利福尼亞，即便在加利福尼亞商品匱乏之時(shí)也設(shè)法調(diào)劑和統(tǒng)籌商品貨源。初期金礦被發(fā)現(xiàn)后，美國沸騰，世界震撼。近在咫尺的圣弗朗西斯科首先感受到了淘金熱的沖擊，幾乎所有的企業(yè)停止了營(yíng)業(yè)，海員把船只拋棄在了圣弗朗西

14、斯科灣，士兵離開了營(yíng)房，仆人離開了主人，涌向金礦發(fā)源地，農(nóng)民典押田宅，拓荒者卡墾荒地，工人扔下工具，公務(wù)員離開寫字臺(tái)，甚至連傳教士也離開了布道所。這股熱潮一直席卷到圣弗朗西斯科北部的俄勒岡及南部的墨西哥。成千上萬的淘金者使加利福尼亞人口猛增。并且許多新近出現(xiàn)的城鎮(zhèn)很快成為國際性的城市。影響淘金熱期間，由于人口的急劇增長(zhǎng)，使得衣食住行變得陡然緊張，特別是服務(wù)業(yè)的發(fā)展無法滿足社會(huì)的需要。且1848-1851年間，美國批發(fā)商品的價(jià)格指數(shù)847提高到1025，這些情況都反映這次淘金熱對(duì)美國西部及市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。自1854年起，加利福尼亞的淘金熱成下降趨勢(shì)，黃金產(chǎn)值下降，但整個(gè)采金業(yè)取向深度和廣度發(fā)展。第二次采金熱是50年