初二上冊英語語法精講名補教案 Unit8 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

1、.*;初二上冊暑假英語補習(xí)班名補教案目的進(jìn)步班 名師培優(yōu)精講【教學(xué)目的】 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞【教學(xué)重點】可數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)分；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；【教學(xué)難點】1、可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)那么變化和不規(guī)那么變化。2、特殊可數(shù)名詞常考復(fù)數(shù)【進(jìn)門得分】一、寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. broom _ car _ tree _ horse_2. bus_ fox _ branch _ class_3. baby _ family _ country_4. radio _ photo_ piano_5. knife _ leaf_ life_ thief_6. man_ woman_ child_ foot_7

2、. woman teacher _ apple tree _ step son_【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】一、名詞的概念：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞。二、名詞的分類：名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞。一 普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。可數(shù)名詞包括個體名詞表示一類人或物的個體，如：girl；desk；dog；window； book；pen等和集體名詞由假設(shè)干個體組成的集合體，如：family；class；people等。不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的實物，如：water；paper；silk；honey；cream；money等和抽象名詞表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、

3、感情或其它抽象概念，如：work；happiness；music；difficulty；beauty； youth；poverty等。二 專有名詞表示個人、地方、機構(gòu)、組織等，如：Tom；the Great Wall；the Spring Festival；France；China；Christmas等。三、名詞的數(shù)：一 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種：1. 規(guī)那么變化：1 一般情況下，在詞尾加s。例如： bookbooks；hathats；pencilpencils；girlgirls以清輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后的s的讀音為s，以濁輔音和元音結(jié)尾名詞后的s讀音為z。在p

4、tkf等清輔音后s：cups；cats；books；photographs在bdgv等濁輔音后z：cards；bags；knives；labs；lions2以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時，要在詞尾加-es。例如： beachbeaches，brushbrushes，busbuses，boxboxes，classclasses， glassglasses，lunchlunches3以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，先變y為i，再加-es。例如： babybabies citycities，familyfamilies， countrycountries，strawberrystrawberr

5、iesies讀音為iz注意：以“元音字母 + y結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾加-s。例如：holidays；days；plays；ways；donkeys；boys；toys4以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時，先把f或fe變?yōu)関，再加-es。例如：wifewives，leafleaves，halfhalves，knifeknives，thiefthieves shelfshelvesves讀音為vz2. 不規(guī)那么變化：1以o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般在詞尾加-s。例如：zoozoos； radioradios； photophotos； pianopianos, kangarookangaroos而有些在詞尾

6、加-es，它們是“黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿。negronegroes； heroheroes； potatopotatoes； tomatotomatoes2有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時，不是在詞尾加s或es，而是變換其中的字母。例如：manmen；womanwomen；policemanpolicemen；EnglishmanEnglishmen；FrenchmanFrenchmen；footfeet； toothteeth； childchildren；mousemice；oxoxen公牛3 還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣。例如：ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese；

7、sheepsheep；deerdeer4 復(fù)合名詞： 前面的名詞是man或woman，變復(fù)數(shù)時，構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞的兩個名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：man teachermen teachers； woman driverwomen drivers 假如是其他詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時，只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：boy studentboy students； apple treeapple trees與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。例如： brother-in-law brothers-in-law； passer-by passers-by。5 有些以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞直接加s

8、變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如：roofroofs，chiefchiefs，gulfgulfs6某國人的復(fù)數(shù)口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面。例如：Chinese中國人Chinese； Japanese日本人JapaneseEnglishman英國人Englishmen；Frenchman法國人Frenchmen German德國人 Germans；American美國人Americans7有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：glasses眼鏡；clothes衣服；goods貨物；trousers褲子8集體名詞的數(shù)： 有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：people；cattle；police 有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又

9、可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看作整體，復(fù)數(shù)看作集體的各個成員。例如： This family is a big family. My family are watching TV. There are 50 students in this class. The class are listening to their teacher.二 不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是可以用一些量詞來表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。1表不定數(shù)量時，一般用much，a1ittle，a lot oflots of，some，any等詞修飾。例如： much money；a little bread；a lot of ice crea

10、m；some juice2 表確定數(shù)量時，一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。變復(fù)數(shù)時可以把前面的量詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如：a bottle of milk；a glass of water； a can of beer； a piece of paper；two bottles of milk；two pieces of paper； two glasses of water注意：我們也可用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)這一構(gòu)造表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。例如：a box of oranges；two bags of books；a room of students 三有些詞，單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞義不同

11、，需特別注意。例如：sand沙sands沙灘；chicken雞肉a chicken小雞；orange橘汁an orange橘子；room空間、余地a room房間；good好處，好處goods貨物； custom風(fēng)俗 customs海關(guān)；spirit精神 spirits情緒；manner方式 manners禮貌；forceforces武裝力量；communication通訊communications通訊系統(tǒng)，通訊工具；cloth布clothes衣服；content內(nèi)容 contents目錄；convenience便利conveniences便利設(shè)備；humanity人類humanities人

12、文科學(xué)；necessity需要 necessities必需品；pain疼痛pains辛勞；ruin消滅ruins廢墟，遺跡；wood木材woods樹林；work工作works工廠，著作；airairs架子，神氣?！具^手練習(xí)】二、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. How many_sheep are there on the hill?2. There is some_food in the basket.3. The baby has only two_tooth now.4. There is a lot of_water in the bottle.5. There are five_peo

13、ple in his family.6. Lets take_photo, OK?7. I have lots of_tomato here.8. The_leaf on the tree turn yellow.9. The_child are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_dictionary look new.11. I have three foreign friends. They are _American.12. They are_woman doctors.13. Can you give me some bottl

14、es of _ orange, please?14. There are many_fox in the picture.15. I would like some apple_juice. I am very thirsty.三、將以下詞組譯成漢語。 1. 三杯牛奶_ 2. 一袋大米_3. 三籃子蘋果 _ 4. 一碗面條_5. 四盒子書_ 6. 六片面包_7. 五張紙_ 8. 三聽橘汁_9.八條新聞_ 10. 一箱香蕉_【拓展訓(xùn)練】四、選擇填空。1. The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2. Her two brothe

15、rs are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3. There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japaneses, Germans4. Two _ will come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5. C

16、an you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6. The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8. The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her s

17、tudy. A. woman B. women C. man D. men9. There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices【課后作業(yè)】1. Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we are all amazed at it. A. news B. ideas C. sugg

18、estion D. answer 2. There are fifty in our school. They are all friendly to us. A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers3. After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink?A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas4. When is _ Day? Its on June 1st, Dave

19、.A. ChildB. ChildrenC. ChildsD. Childrens5. Lily, lets make vegetable salad. How many _do we need? One is enough. A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes 6. Mum, its so hot. Could I have some _? A. hamburgersB. breadC. ice-cream【答案與解析】一、寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. brooms; cars; trees; horses2. buses; foxes; branches; c

20、lasses3. babies; families; countries4. radios; photos; pianos5. knives; leaves; lives; thieves6. men; women; children; feet7. women teachers; apple trees; step sons二、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves9. children 10. dictionaries 11. Americans 12

21、. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice三、將以下詞組譯成漢語。 1. three glasses of milk 2. a bag of rice 3. three baskets of apples 4. a bowl of noodles5. four boxes of books 6. six pieces of bread 7. five pieces of paper 8. three cans of orange9. eight pieces of news 10. a box of bananas四、選擇填空。1. B。根據(jù)空前的four可知

22、空中應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，foot的復(fù)數(shù)形式是feet，所以答案為B。2. C。policeman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為policemen。3. C。某國人的復(fù)數(shù)變化可根據(jù)口訣“中日不變，英法變，其余-s加后邊。Japanese的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變，還是Japanese；German的復(fù)數(shù)形式是Germans，所以答案為C。4. C。前面的名詞是man或woman的復(fù)合名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時，構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞的兩個名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以答案為C。5. A。根據(jù)空前的nine可知空中應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，sheep的復(fù)數(shù)形式還是sheep，其余選項中的名詞都應(yīng)該加上-s，所以答案為A。6. C。根據(jù)謂語動詞has可知第一個空應(yīng)該填名詞單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)two可知第二個空填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，watch的復(fù)數(shù)形式是加-es，所以答案為C。7. C。tooth“牙齒的復(fù)數(shù)形式是teeth。8. A。根據(jù)從句當(dāng)中的she可知空中應(yīng)該填名詞單數(shù)形式且為女性，所以答案為A。9. C。toma