ERDAS詳細操作

1、 1.影像閱讀2.遙感影像分幅裁剪與拼接處理3.影像幾何校正及正射影像制作4.影像增強1.影像閱讀1.1設置erdas的各種默認參數(shù)單擊出現(xiàn)1)在ERDASIMAGINE的主菜單欄上找到sessio對話框。1)在ERDAS主菜單上點擊圖標SelectVieverType區(qū)新建一個經典窗口，如下圖:whichtypeofviewerwouldyouliketouse?Viewer # # # #ClassicViewerOKGeospatialLightTableCancel # # # #2)在Viewer界面上點擊Fileg。Dontaskmethisquestionagain.OpenRa

2、sterLayer,在默認路徑中打開 回區(qū)JA冒:3liu四個匚XjSelectLayerToAdd:SelectLayerToAdd:FileRasterOptionsMultiple1-3查詢像素信息疋匚1已門tImagetoMapSystemSetViewExtent廠FittoF使用杳詢功能rNoStretchDataSeeingBackgroundTransparent選擇馬腫卩Mnq呼eCrsyr出現(xiàn)下圖中的對壬別調整查詢指針的上下左右的位置，圓圈表示使X和Y坐標的數(shù)值也會跟著作相應的變化。指針瞬的Green:Blue:FileRasterOptions|MultipleLooki

3、n:LayerstoColors:Displayas:True匚口1口3圍旦O已samplesFileUtilityViewADIRasterHelpfldreG.imqflevulandradafl已vulandradaflevulandradaflevulandradafloodtm1473)點擊Ras為453后，圖象的色lanier.ig(:Layer_4)(:Layer_3)(:Layer_2)FileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelpjPflare2.imqijjfloodplain,imgiJInaspect.imjPflare.3.imq憶germtm.imqInc

4、lump.imc聲圖層的紅綠藍三個波段的分配。將原來的43改皿啲yplareS.imq盤IF5.AR_M.atch.imgijjInhydro.imgjPIFS.AR_Flef.imgInldkes.imgIJZQABIIQGQniLhJJmriSdIbme # #Viewer#1:lanier.(:Layer_4)(:Layer_5)(:Layer_3)Fil-IJt.jlit.yVifrDIRasterHelp改變查詢指選擇UtilityInquireC業(yè)InquireColorInquireColor:0KCancelHelpVL河1240795.000000_:y-13799370.0

5、00000”mefers黃色,則查詢指針的十字框的顏色由白色變?yōu)榱它S色。Projection:UTMClarke1066=3Bp=.；FileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelp240795.000000lViewer#1:lanier.(:Layer_4)(:Layer_5)(:Layer_3)改變查詢指針的形狀選擇UtilityfInquireShape，呈現(xiàn)的滾再點擊UseCursorbutton,然后點擊A量測Map通過這個工具可以實現(xiàn)在所在圖層中I和面積。InquireIcon:(Kcursor)circle,cursor:ion:.cursor,240795.00000

6、0圓形的長FILEPXEL30.0003200049.000micircle,cursoreast,cursornorth,cursornortheast,cursornnrthAest.cursorsouth,cursorsoutheast,cursorcursorJcursorsUseIconUseCursorHelp3WV也創(chuàng)110000莎二IHelp # 選擇Viewlanier.i*gJ的圖層的順序。Cl&afDispl-ay并且可以在下圖中拖動圖層調整排1)打Display項取消，即不清除視窗中已經打開的圖像，使得多個圖層能夠在一個窗口中存在和切換。 # # # #FileUtil

7、ityViewADIRasterHelpFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelp # # # #lanier.ilanier.ilarJArrangeLayersVieverflgjiTffilanier.img(:Ldyer_4jlanier.img(:Ldyer_3)H心ldnier.irngi：Ldyer2Insoils,img(:Layer_1) # # #我們可丿利用放大鏡選擇by者直接點擊mioseApply 選擇不同位實活動的縮放上的的四個縮放匕范圍但是窗口之間的連接I眄奔I勺功能。通.有目的性I勺任意位置51IFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHe

8、lp(:Layer_l)IFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelp # ieer#1:lanier.isl.Vieer#2:lnsoils.i. # # # #FileUtilityViewADIRasterHelpFileUtilityViewADIRasterHelp # # # #Link/UnlinkInstructions1.5調整影像對比度wninaViewertolink/unlinkwithcurrentViewer.當圖像顯示出來的時候RasterIContrastIBright你可以利用線形的對照等一系列方法來加強圖像。選擇/COnast/Clickingi

9、nthisViewerwilllinkwithcurrentViewerClickinginthisViewerwillunlinkwithcurrentVieweriHlIxFileUtilityViewADIRasterHelpContrastToolForlanier.Bg聲：Breakpoints._AutoApplyHelp100100 # # #中的1.6柵格的屬性編輯改變顏色屬性選擇RasterfAttributes，出現(xiàn)以態(tài)，然后在color這欄點右鍵選扌變顏色。 # # # #| 2)使圖層首先用View|ArraFileEditHelp虛處行噩議LayerNumber:卩F

10、lowClassNamesColorOpacityHist0BG01ALTAVISTASANDYLOAM,2-S%II1=2APPLINGSANDYLOAM,2-613APPLINGSANDYLOAM,6-1014APPLINGSANDYLOAMJ0-1515AUGUSTALOAM16CARTECAY&CHEWACUSOILSII1Layers工具使Insoilimg在Lain.img上面，然后選擇Color鎖定Opacity使顏色不透明，若不鎖定則你所選擇的顏色成了透明的，透明度根據(jù)你設定的而同。3)編輯圓柱圖的屬性點擊圖標出現(xiàn)編輯圓柱圖的對話框4）生成統(tǒng)計表右鍵點擊紅色的-柱形狀代表的總和

11、表示平均值，StddESCoIuahPropertiesColumns:|匚4：述卜21已：i：ColorFledGreenBlue0pacifyHistogramFe匚已門taqeHectares.AcresErosionPermeablitySuitablityDUValue0”，可以看到滿足條件的都呈現(xiàn)出了黃色，而不滿足的為白色。0岡冊陀富LmeiNunbffl.弓Co4wGreenlueOoacibrHiftoaiamPeieMmeHectaiesAcres1603MJ039G.3M0OOSSK22410755.3HM071000.35000fl23ft-21A.S1Tssoiia?f

12、l.THMC24ao12D6rlK295KH7M32E07100071CMJCM販盂362科2D.2300D.OOOQ533販他9臟059CD0.0X019261E6.1540.5600D.390fl09B6STX233.2690.731D.DQOO1ES7EQ紳in?9esaooooD.OOOQ1甬ITOoco10DOOOQfflOS遙感影像分幅裁剪2.1規(guī)則LiilaiJ-PACELOTSANmrL0AM.153SSubsetD已hmtion:CreateNewImage.CreateSurface.SubsetImage.Imag已G已匚ii已tiuCorrection.MosaicIm

13、ages.UnsupervisedClassification.33993S-HQQE)033：Oowgo03100QmiuOLZffiOqprop盂DQTOaBGalTAViSTaSanDYlOwm佛.APFVINGSANDYLOAM.2-EKAPPLINGANDYLOAM.G-1DSAPPtIMGSANCmOAM.IO-IKAUGUSTALOAMCAfiTECAY&CHEWflCLASOUSEEC1L5ANU7LCAM.卻6鑑EEULSAHIJfLDAM.&1DXOECLC3丫LOAM.列臨CHESTATEESTOWSNDYLOAM.15-25CHEWM*LDAMtFRECI.FLOODE

14、DOHEWAOLAWtHADffECtJMFLEKGWINNETT匚LtfTLQAM.fi-1DS.ERODEDGMNMETTCLAfLOAMJIO-2K.ERODEHIWASSEELOAM.HIWASSEELOAM.6-104hi55eeLOAM.1O-1KHWASSEE匚LftLOAM.Z-WRaDEDLQUISBUR&SANPfLOAM.1Q-2KMADSONSANDYLOAM.2能塢岸I密貯N年即閱膨鋼晰/藝兇埔.101曲MADISONSANDYLDAM.15-25SJitADlSOMMhl：LAfLOAM.6-10.E剪5ONfNPvCL7LaiM.-0-1K.EMUSEUMC0B8

15、LYCLAYLDM.閒軟QMQO0*70005SC007500a97mQ&3000OCCij29C67DOOMrgw扎II1|Cg4(mRedLabJGiewii耐伽Mjde|HE口p*am)ma|8yCb：|oonLamiPwcenisigeHccrsraw(|FirwHons:7845125iE()PACELOTSOlLSjU-15.ERODEDTOCCtM.5OIL5_WICKHAMSANDYU3AM.2-E-g(:Layer_2)FileUtilityViewFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelpOutputFile:(x.img)FileVieitmatlanta_

16、georef.imgResampleMethod:PintError:X0.1927|Y0.3993(TotalOutputMapInformation:丫Ref.1345756.0571356079.5441364695.3861367003.5071345760.1551344776.3121340350.1391345100.2361364355.579ControlControlControlControlControlCheckCheckCheckCheckProjection:Units:Numberrows:StatePlane512Numbercolumns:5146.0959

17、.9109.9416.5728.1073.2193.0238.760ULX391123.000000亠LRX:446527.000000亠ULY:1379712.000000亠LRY:1324524.000000亠FromInquireBoxOutputCorners:OutputCellSizes:比較重采樣后的tm圖像和二個窗口也會跟著移動，口全色圖像,連接兩個窗口后隨著第一個窗口查詢框的移動，第 3.2正攝影/3.2.1校正相a.打開psjNAPPb.檢查地圖模型 #在進行幾何糾正之前，必須確Model為None，則確定了圖eo.f認這幅圖像沒有地圖模型，下圖中MapInfo這欄中的像已

18、經沒有了模型。 # # c.選擇幾何校正模型模型PolynomialRgpi咖ctRubberSheetingCameraLapdgat像仿射變換（不做投形變換）多頑式變換（同時徹投形變換）投形變換（轉換調用多項式變換）至線形罪均勻變換多項式變換在衛(wèi)星圖像校正過程中用的比較多，在調用多項式模型方數(shù)，次方數(shù)與所需的最少控制點數(shù)是相關的，計算公式為（t.方數(shù)，即1次方需要3個控制點，2次方需要6個控制點，3次方航空影像正射校正Landsat衛(wèi)星圖像正軸校正啄的次正時，需&帀*（t+2）/2需要10個控制點。d.幾何校正選點模式 #以亠兒出僅it狀忌櫻現(xiàn)月合又 # #ViewertoViewer:E

19、xistingViewerImagELayer(NewViewer)VectorLaver(NewViewerJAnnotationLayer週匕wyj亡wer)FiletoViewer；GCPFile(*.gcc)ASCI!FileMaptoViewer:DigitizingTablet(Current)DigitizingTablet(New)KeyboardOnly視窗采直模式；在已經打幵的視窗中采恵在新打開的閣像視窗中采點在新打幵的矢瓏視窗中采點.在新打幵的注記規(guī)窗尊延點文件采點模式，在控制點文件中讀點在曲口！碼文件中腹點地圖采點模式：在半前數(shù)字化儀上采慮在新配置數(shù)寧化儀上采點_通過鍵

20、盤輸入j空制占 # #4-所列的三類幾何校正采點模武，分別應用于不同的情況”吹囂畫常極校正圖像區(qū)域的數(shù)宇地鼠或經過校正的現(xiàn)或注記圏層的話，就可地二老斗J驚采點模式八宜接以裁字地圖、或經過校正的圖像、或注記圖層作為地理參考，在另一個視窗中打幵相應的蠱據(jù)層，從中采集控制點。黑嚴已經通過GPS測曇彌影測氐皴其它途徑瑋了控制點的坐標數(shù)據(jù)并保有；驚営I皿那E的控制點文檸格梵或心CU數(shù)據(jù)文件的話，就應該調用第二種類型（丈杵寢鑫模式,直接柱數(shù)據(jù)文件中讀取控制點坐標匕J蠶囂算不:算豐硬捷貝甌圖或坐標紙柞為拱考的話好采用第三種:在鶯警;警二土先圖上選點杠算坐鼠然后通過鍵盤輸入坐標確要&在地圖上赴點后，借助數(shù)字化

21、儀來采集控制點坐標， d.進行幾何校正首先要設置相機模型參數(shù)和基準，選取圖像的4個角點位基準點，如下圖所示 # #輸入了膠片的坐標以后，動基準點的位置來改變這改變投影方式Deete.Datumrarne：RenarrieIITMZone:UFITHor!：；UUTH:UanceGeneralStandardCustomProiectionType:HnheroidNarne:IIII應用并保存為.gms的文件。d.啟動地面控制點工具和計算中誤差!GCPTool:(Input:resuple.gcc)(Reference:pa_caera.gcc)rileVipwEditHelp0X廉癒zz?f

22、ControlPointError:(X)0.7278苗0.6083(Total)0.9486Pointtt匚dlorXInput丫InputXRef.丫Ref.ZRef.XResidua1401.178850.167808.0212101.550-2214.532571.726544657.897542301.251541939.3153740719.7723740224.4793747260.594118.872132.588103.366ControlControlControle.重采樣4重采樣過程1270.1011687.2951271.888-590.503校正圖像像畫;值計算生成

23、一I種最常Das里1,663三544030.350545737.266校正圖像過程I用的重采采樣羊萬法：丘3744286.4003747269.691原圖像所有的【插值法，雙線147.218159.105數(shù)據(jù)層都D性插值法ControlControlControlCuntrulControl和立方卷積值法165.4251525.153539516.8993743200.150459.000Controlf.校正iD&IB|&：Viever#1:geoModel.Mg(:Band_1)OutputCellSizes:I30.000000亠7ki.OOOOOO厶IFileUtilityViewA0

24、IRasterHelpOutputFile:(ximq)ResampleMethod:resample,imq逼MearesfNeighboFFrojectiun:UTMUnits:metersNumberrows:2488Numbercolumns:335OutputMapInformation:ULX:533535.000000*LRX：548559.000000亠ULY:3749360.000000二|LRY：3739912.000000二|FromInquireBoxOutputCorners: # # File園譏ViewHelpBand1叫ill，GeneraijProjectio

25、n|Histogram|LayerName:Band_1FileType:IMAGINEImageLastModified:ThuAug1204:16:411999NumberofLayers:1PixeldataGCPTableFileInfo:4影像增強Width:2294Height:2294Type:ContinuousBlockWidth:64BlockHeight:64DataType:Unsigned8-bitCompression:NoneDataOrder:BILPyramidLayerAlgorithm:IMAGINE2X2ResamplingMin:0Max:247hie

26、an:119.622Median:124Mode:129Std.Dev:20.472SkipFactorX:22SkipFactorY:22LastModified:ThuAug1204:16:431999LayerInfo:StatisticsInfo:4.1影像空間加強a.MapInfo:(File)設置Convolution并確認兩幅圖像都UpperLeftX:1.0UpperLeftY:2294.0LowerRightX:2294.0LowerRightY:1.0存在PixelSizeX:1.0Unit:metersPixelSizeY:1.0Geo.Model:MapInfoInputFile:(Kimg)OutputFile:(Kimg)Kern已ISelectionKernelLibrary:(K.klb)Kernel:default,klb3x3EdgeDetectcurTvulve.img_|usrp_pr