《英語復(fù)合句》復(fù)習(xí)課件(PPT 37頁)

1、Mainly Revision of Junior EnglishJunior ThreeComplex Sentences第1頁，共37頁。 The Complex Sentences in Junior English: 初中英語教材中涉及到的復(fù)合句主要有：The Object Clause (賓語從句)、The Adverbial Clause (狀語從句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定語從句)。其它諸如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等形式的復(fù)合句盡管在教材中也有出現(xiàn)，但在中考中沒有被列為重點(diǎn)考查范圍。第2頁，共37頁。. The Object Clause (

2、賓語從句) 賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。賓語從句是英語中用來充當(dāng)賓語的句子。帶有賓語從句的那個句子叫主句。賓語從句一般由“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其它”構(gòu)成，其語序是陳述句語序。第3頁，共37頁。 重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) 1、由不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 2、直接引語和間接引語 3、賓語從句中時態(tài)的變化第4頁，共37頁。不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和連接副詞 where,how,why,when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句第5頁，共37頁。 A) Introduced by th

3、at主句的謂語動詞是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等時，或主句的謂語動詞是由形容詞afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表語的系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster. Im sorry (that) he isnt here right now.第6頁，共37頁。Note: 1. that 的省略：that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用來陳述事實(shí)，that本身

4、無詞義，在從句中不作任何成分，在口語中或非正式文體中常?？杀皇÷?。e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. Im afraid (that) youll have to wait.2. 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等時，從句中的否定習(xí)慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：我認(rèn)為雞不會游泳。誤：I think chickens can not swim.正：I dont think chickens can swim.此外，上述情況在變成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句要看從句，如果主句的主語不是

5、第一人稱，則附加疑問句要看主句。試比較： I think he is wrong, isnt he? He thinks he is right, doesnt he?第7頁，共37頁。e.g. I hear (that) _. （一小時后他會回來）He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sunBack第8頁，共37頁。BackC) Introduc

6、ed by relative pronouns and adverbs（連接代詞和連接副詞）一、構(gòu)成： 1. 1.賓語從句可由連接代詞what, who, whom, which等引導(dǎo)，它們在賓語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語等，因此不能省略。 Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主語) Did you hear what he said? （作賓語） I dont know whose that is. （作表語） Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? （作gate的定語） 2. 賓

7、語從句可由連接副詞when, where, how, why等引導(dǎo)，它們在賓語從句中作狀語，不可省略。 We didnt know when she would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? No one knows why she is late again.第9頁，共37頁。由連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. He asked _. (誰能回答這個問題）2. Do you know_. （

8、他們在等誰）3. He asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的）5. Do you know _.（地球和月亮，哪一個比較?。?. Please tell me _. （我們什么時候開會）7. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒）8. Could you tell me _. （我該怎么去車站）9. Would you tell me _（為什么火車遲到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the classWhich is sma

9、ller,the earth or the moon?When we will have the meeting where h ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is lateBack第10頁，共37頁。BackB) Introduced by if/whether if/whether都可作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，意為“是否”，在一般情況下可以互換。if 多用于口語和非正式文體中，whether則多用于比較正式的文體中。如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her Engli

10、sh. I dont know if/whether it is going to rain.第11頁，共37頁。BackNote: 只用whether的五種情況：1. 在介詞后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.2. 與or not連用時I dont know whether they will come to help usor not.3. 在動詞discuss或者其他介詞后面的賓語從句中We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.4. 賓語從句提前時只能用

11、whetherWhether this is true or not, I cant say.5.whether后可以接動詞不定式We dont know whether to go there tomorrow .第12頁，共37頁。由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）2. Ask him _. （他是否能來）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whet

12、her it is going to rain or notBack第13頁，共37頁。直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系陳述句變?yōu)橐龑?dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 第14頁，共37頁。直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. She said, “ Do

13、 you often come here to read newspaper? ” “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall. 第15頁，共37頁。直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系特殊疑問句變?yōu)閣ho, what, when等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you l

14、ive?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. 第16頁，共37頁。直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關(guān)系 1、當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，賓語 從句的謂語動詞可以用所需要的任何一種時態(tài)。 2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句的謂語 動詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，但當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的內(nèi)容 為客觀真理時，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g. The teacher said that the

15、moon moves around the sun. 注 意：Back第17頁，共37頁。四、賓語從句的時態(tài)主句中謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受限制，可根據(jù)具體情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)；主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句中也必須要用某種過去時態(tài)，以保持時態(tài)的前后呼應(yīng)。特別要注意的是當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，則用一般現(xiàn)在時，不受主句時態(tài)的限制。試比較：He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible.He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible

16、.Tom says that he is mending his car.Tom said that he was mending his car.The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.第18頁，共37頁。二、難點(diǎn)： 1. 避免重復(fù)出現(xiàn)連接代詞或連接副詞； e.g. *I cant see that what is over there. （應(yīng)去掉that） 2. 從句中的語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序； e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (應(yīng)改為：how old she is) 3. 從句中的時態(tài)與主句時

17、態(tài)前后呼應(yīng)。 e.g. *She didnt tell me when she will come. (應(yīng)改為：when she would come) 第19頁，共37頁。三、轉(zhuǎn)換： 1) 由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可用疑問代詞和疑問副詞動詞不定式替代，進(jìn)行句型上的轉(zhuǎn)換。 Ive no idea what were going to do next. = Ive no idea what to do next. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to t

18、he post office?第20頁，共37頁。三、轉(zhuǎn)換： 1）find ,think 等動詞后面的賓語從句也可以用復(fù)合賓語（即賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）來代替。He found that it was difficult to fall asleep because of the noise upstairs.=He found it difficult to fall asleep because of the noise upstairs.第21頁，共37頁。The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everyt

19、hing _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)I thin

20、k you _ about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing第22頁，共37頁。10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could y

21、ou tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid第23頁，共37頁。將下列句子合并為一句:1. Where do they stop on the way? I

22、 asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will

23、speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 第24頁，共37頁。7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is t

24、he train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 第25頁，共37頁。. The Attributive Clause (定語從句) 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句

25、必須放在先行詞之后，對其先行詞起限定作用。 This is Tom. Tom gave us a talk yesterday. -This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday. 先行詞 定語從句 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有：where, when, why第26頁，共37頁。 一 、who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1. who 在從句中作主語，不可省略，它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞必須是人。e.g. This is the doctor w

26、ho came her yesterday.2. whom在從句中作賓語，它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞必須是人，可以省略。e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.第27頁，共37頁。注意：在從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原來的位置上。在含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中介詞只能放在原來的位置上。e.g. a)The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.

27、 (前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略) b)The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定詞組)第28頁，共37頁。 3. whose在從句中作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系，其所修飾的先行詞既可是人也可是物。e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south.第29頁，共37頁。 二、that, which引導(dǎo)的定語從句這兩個代詞均指物，它們所引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞是物,通

28、常情況下，它們可以互換。1. that, which在從句中作主語，不可省略。 e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.2. that, which在從句中作賓語，可以省略。 e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week?注意：關(guān)系代詞在作介詞賓語時，只能用which且不能省略。 e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room. = The house (which) he

29、 once lived in is a meeting-room.第30頁，共37頁。知識拓展：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that和which，在一般情況下，盡管可以互換使用，但在下列情況下，只能用that，而不用which： 1. 先行詞是復(fù)合不定代詞everything, anything, nothing等時。 e.g. She didnt forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.2. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或the last修飾時。e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studied i

30、n the primary school.He is in the last row that is next to the window.3. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。e.g. That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.第31頁，共37頁。4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same等修飾時。e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow. 5. 先行詞是或被all, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時， e.g

31、. Ive written down all (that )the teacher doesnt allow us to do. They havent got any dictionaries (that) we need. 6. 先行詞既包含人又包含物時。e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.第32頁，共37頁。7. 主句是以who, which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時。e.g. Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now? Which

32、 is the book that was stolen by him? 8. 先行詞是主句的表語或關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語 時。 e.g. China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.第33頁，共37頁。三、關(guān)系副詞where, when, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 （在從句中作狀語）1. where表示地點(diǎn)，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞。e.g. This is the village where he was born.c.f. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year.2. when表示時間，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表時間的先行詞。e.g. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.c.f. Ill never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.3. why表示原因，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表原因的先行詞。e.g. The reason why he didnt come