高中英語(yǔ)Unit18Beauty短語(yǔ).典句.考點(diǎn)北師大版選修

1、【短語(yǔ)典句考點(diǎn)】1. die out 完全消失，滅絕【經(jīng)典例句】That custom died out years ago.那種風(fēng)俗許多前就消失了。Millions of years ago, dinosaurs died out.數(shù)百萬(wàn)前，恐龍滅絕了?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）作“完全消失”講時(shí)，常指習(xí)慣、聲音、煙霧等消失，例如：Many old customs have died out.許多舊的風(fēng)俗已不復(fù)存在。2）作“滅絕”講時(shí)， 常指稀奇動(dòng)植物滅絕。With the forest being cut off, more and more rare animals and plants are

2、dying out. 隨著森林的被砍伐，越來(lái)越多的稀有動(dòng)植物正在瀕臨滅絕。3）由die構(gòu)成的其他短語(yǔ)：be dying for（口語(yǔ)）渴望，很想die away逐漸停止，逐漸消失die back植物枝葉枯萎 die down逐漸減弱，逐漸模糊 die hard舊習(xí)慣等難改掉，難消失2）辨析die of和die from 的用法：die of指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓等，die from則指由于外傷或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替?！净顚W(xué)活用】詞語(yǔ)替換：1.Tribes and tribal customs went away centuries ago.2.I am eager for

3、 a box of chocolates.3.Rabbits were dying one after another in that county.4. The tribes and tribal customs disappeared centuries ago.5) After the excitement of the audience became weak the speaker restarted his speech.答案： 1）died out 2）dying for 3）dying off 4）died out 5)died down課文句子和翻譯1. In 1878, w

4、hen Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “beauty is in the eye of the beholder ”, she was stating that there was no consistent view on beauty. 1879，瑪格麗特沃爾夫撰寫(xiě)“情人眼里出西施”時(shí)，她聲稱(chēng)，關(guān)于“美”，沒(méi)有始終如一的觀點(diǎn)?！酒饰觥?)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “beauty is in the eye of the beholder ”, she was statin

5、g是主句, that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句there was no consistent view on beauty. 2) There was no consistent view on sth.在某方面沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。【拓展】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。有下面三種情況：1）主要用來(lái)描述一件事發(fā)生的背景，當(dāng)從句是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，主句是一個(gè)短動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，本句屬于此類(lèi)。2）在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,

6、last evening, when, while等。如：Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger. 瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)，割著手指了。When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。3）在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車(chē)邊看報(bào)。 2. Traditions and fashions,

7、like society itself, change and adapt with time, so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 傳統(tǒng)和時(shí)尚如同社會(huì)本身，與時(shí)俱進(jìn), 因此，外面的審美觀點(diǎn)也在改變。【剖析】1）這是一個(gè)由so連接的并列復(fù)合句，第一個(gè)并列句是Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time , 第二個(gè)并列句是it is reasonable, 其中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that our id

8、eas of beauty change as well。2）Sth. change and adapt with time. 與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。【拓展】it常常在下面的句型中作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的從句：It is reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possible/ certain that 常譯為：那是有理由的/清楚/奇怪的/顯然的/真的/可能的/肯定的/。It也可以用作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)當(dāng), 例如：I think it reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possib

9、le/ certain thatI think it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.此句型也可改為I think it reasonable that，其中，reasonable作賓語(yǔ)it的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：I think it reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 3. In 19th -century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer

10、considered healthy. 十九世紀(jì)的歐洲，婦女們身著緊身衣以塑身，而今這早已被認(rèn)為是不健康的?！酒饰觥窟@是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，women used to wear corsets是主句, that is no longer considered healthy是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾a body shape， healthy是形容詞作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。【拓展】1)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以互換。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，改為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We consider him humorous. He is considered humorous. 我們認(rèn)為他很幽默。2）used常常有下

11、面的三種句型：Sb. used to + do表示某人過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Sb. be used to + doing 某人對(duì)已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。Sth. is used to do sth. 某物被用來(lái)做成另一種東西。4. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized.過(guò)去，

12、一些文化把紋身當(dāng)作一種裝束的附屬物，用來(lái)展示家庭關(guān)系或是用來(lái)給罪犯打上印記，以易于分辨?！酒饰觥?）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes是主句, so that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，稱(chēng)為目的狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Now in the streets, many girls are wearing corsets so that they can look slim. 現(xiàn)在，在大街上，很多的女孩穿著緊身衣服，為的是看起來(lái)苗條。2）useas用當(dāng)作。如： In ancient times, animals

13、skin was often used as shawls. 在古代，動(dòng)物的毛皮常常當(dāng)作披肩。【拓展】 an addition 表示“一個(gè)附加的人和物”，常和介詞to連用。如：Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我們家多了一口人。下面是addition的常用短語(yǔ)：have an addition to the family 添人口in addition加上, 另外，常作狀語(yǔ)。with the addition of 增加in addiction常與to連用，表示“除了之外”。如：In addition to gene, i

14、ntelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment.除了遺傳基因外,智力的高低還取決于良好的營(yíng)養(yǎng),良好的教育和良好的家庭環(huán)境。5. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at allrather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 在其他文化中，女人根本不想在

15、未來(lái)丈夫眼中顯得苗條， 而身材稍微豐滿、圓潤(rùn)才更加迷人?！酒饰觥?）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，looking thin for a husband-to-be is not是主句, what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)名詞性從句作表語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)從句。looking thin是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一件事情。2)破折號(hào)起到解釋作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列連詞while。rather副詞，意為“相反地, 倒不如說(shuō) 更”.3)looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 動(dòng)名詞looking a little overweight是主語(yǔ)，本句用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，形容詞att

16、ractive作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。4）此處的兩個(gè)look都是連系動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來(lái)”，其后接形容詞。 【拓展】1）what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句表示“人或事物”，構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，如：The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 情況更糟的問(wèn)題一直在困惑著我。（同位語(yǔ)從句） The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said. 老師告訴我們他想收回他說(shuō)過(guò)的話。（賓語(yǔ)從句）She is no longer what she used

17、 to be. 她不是過(guò)去的她了。（表語(yǔ)從句）2）what在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。如：Please tell me what you are doing here on earth! 請(qǐng)告訴我你究竟在這里干什么?。╳hat 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，表示“什么事情”）It is the ability to do the job, not what she is, that matters. 重要的是（她）做這項(xiàng)工作的能力，而不是她是什么人。（what 在從句中作表語(yǔ)，表示“什么情況”）Are you sure what books he likes reading? 你知道他喜歡讀什么

18、書(shū)嗎？（what 在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“什么樣的”） 6. With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. 受社會(huì)，時(shí)代和文化的影響，沒(méi)有一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量美。【剖析】1)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，there are no precise criteria是主句, which can be used to judge是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾criteria， what is beautiful是

19、judge的賓語(yǔ)從句。2)with加名詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，表示伴隨意義，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，【拓展】judge 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“判斷”，常構(gòu)成下面的短語(yǔ)：judge by /from appearances由外觀上判斷judge from the fact由事實(shí)上推測(cè)judge between right and wrong判斷是非so far as I can judge據(jù)我判斷, 我認(rèn)為judging by /from 根據(jù).來(lái)判斷Dont judge by appearances.人不可以貌相。如：We cant judge what he really meant by doing so til

20、l we know all he did.我們只有了解了全部情況后,才能對(duì)他這樣做的真實(shí)意圖作出判斷。7. The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. 假若我們用一套有限的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看待美，人類(lèi)不久將滅絕。【剖析】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，The human race would soon die out是主句, if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. 本句

21、是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，表示與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)的假設(shè)。 【拓展】 if引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，當(dāng)表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)有可能相反時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種形式：動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，should+動(dòng)詞原形，were to+動(dòng)詞原形。虛擬條件句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式wereshould would could might 動(dòng)詞原形should were to動(dòng)詞原形如：If I should cut down my weight by eating little in a month, I would prefer to only drink water.如果通過(guò)少吃在一個(gè)月內(nèi)能夠減肥，我寧愿只

22、喝水。If it were Sunday tomorrow，we wouldnt have an exam.如果明天星期天，我們就不用考試了。（事實(shí)是明天不是星期天） If you were to visit the school，you would see me.如果你去那所學(xué)校參觀，你就可以看見(jiàn)我。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 如果我還會(huì)做這件事，我一定用不同的方法。 If I were in school again, I would work harder.如果還有機(jī)會(huì)去上學(xué)，我一定更加好好學(xué)習(xí)。 8. W

23、e are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. 受文化、社會(huì)和歷史時(shí)期的制約，我們能夠快速地、輕而易舉的判定外在的美。但是，內(nèi)在美才真正需要我們?nèi)ビ^察和領(lǐng)悟?！酒饰觥窟@是一個(gè)由but連接的并列復(fù)合句，第一個(gè)并列句是We are influenced, 第二個(gè)并列句是it is inner beauty tha

24、t requires us to truly see. 同時(shí)又是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)了inner beauty，改為陳述句為inner beauty requires us to truly see. 【拓展】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是It is /was +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/ who+剩余部分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的作用是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，把It is/was that .省略后，整體意義不受影響。 如：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.在中，常常利用特殊疑問(wèn)形式考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：Who is it that educate us heart and soul? 是誰(shuí)全心全意地教育我們？A Tranquil Night By Li BaiB