2022年人稱代詞

1、1、代詞的分類：英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。2、人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。第 一 人第二人稱單數(shù)第 三 人 稱 單 數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱稱 單 數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主 格I you he she it we you they them ,也可以用賓格形賓 格me you him her it us you 主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購物) Where have they gone? (他們上哪兒去了？) T

2、hat s it.(就那么回事 ) / Ithe!( 是他！ ) 賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如：Who teaches you English this year? Help me! We often write letters to her. 人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than 或 as 之后時 ,可以用主格形式式,口語中大多用賓格。如： -Who is it?( 是誰？ ) It I/me. ( 是我。 ) 當(dāng)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時其排列順序一般為 如男女并列時，應(yīng)先男后女， 如： He and she I, he, she, you, 復(fù)數(shù)時用 they, you

3、， we, 如： Tom and I are good friends. you, he, she, I, 而復(fù)數(shù)時為 we, you ， they: 如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時，單數(shù)時用，You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon. We, you and they have been there before. I, he and you have to pay for it. 人稱代詞it 除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示 “ 時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義 ,此外還可以作 “ 非人稱代詞

4、 ” 使用 ,替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如： - Its a long way to go.s fine.It took him three days to clean his house. -Whats the time?Its 12：00. -Whats the weather like today?It3、物主代詞：說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。第 一 人 第 二 人 第一人稱 第二人稱 第 三 人 稱第 三 人 稱 單 數(shù)稱 單 數(shù) 稱 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù)形容詞性 my your his her its our your their

5、 名 詞 性 mine Yours his hers its ours yours theirs 形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語 ,后面要跟名詞。如：Is that your umbrella? ( 那是你的傘嗎？) They are their books.( 是他們的書 ) 2、名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞 ,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系 ,在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語、賓語或者表語 ,后面千萬不可以跟名詞。如：This is your cup, but where is mine? Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.

6、3、“ of + 名詞性物主代詞” 稱為雙重所有格 ,作定語時放在名詞的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. ( 指若干朋友中有一個來看我。)My friend came to see me yesterday. ( 指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。) 1 4、反身代詞：表示謂語的動作與主語有關(guān)或者賓語補(bǔ)足語的動作與賓語有關(guān)。第一人第 二 人第三人稱單數(shù)第 一 人 稱第 二 人 稱第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) themselves 稱單數(shù)稱 單 數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yo

7、urselves 1、反身代詞在句子中作賓語表示反射(指一個動作回到該動作執(zhí)行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.( 不要玩刀子 ,那會割傷你的 ) 2、在句子中作同位語表示強(qiáng)調(diào)(即用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞或代詞的語氣)。如：The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.5、指示代詞：指示說明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。指示代詞既可以單獨(dú)使用做句子的主語、賓語或表語單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義,也可以作定語修飾名詞this( 這個 ) these( 這些 ) 指

8、較近的人和物Whats this? that( 那個 ) those( 那些 ) 指較遠(yuǎn)的人和物That model plane is made of plastic. such ( 這樣的人 /物) 指上文提過的人和物Remember never to do such things same ( 同樣的人 /物) 指和上文提過的相同的人和物 Do the same as the teacher tells you. it ( 這人 /這物 ) 指不太清楚是誰或者是什么時-Who is it? - It s me! 6、關(guān)系代詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞,參見后面的定語從句。 關(guān)系代詞

9、 who 、 which 、 that 、whom 等,將定語從句和主句連接起來。英語中的關(guān)系代詞一方面在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分,另一方面又起連接作用。如： The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One. 關(guān)系代詞who / whom指人 ,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。如：Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? 關(guān)系代詞which 指物 ,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。如： Have you found the book which you lost several days ago

10、? 關(guān)系代詞that 既可指人也可指物,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。如：Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得見順著河跑的男人/狗了嗎？ ) 7、連接代詞：用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句、主語從句或表語從句的連接詞稱連接代詞。英語中連接代詞主要有：what( 什么 ),who( 誰),whom( 誰),which( 哪個 ),whose( 誰的 )。8、不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。單數(shù)/ / each one either, so the other, 復(fù)合不含義(every) neit

11、her another 定代詞不可數(shù)some no none much little, all / / / / / 含義any a little 復(fù)數(shù)many few, ones both others, 含義a few the others 注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12 個：something( 某事 ), someone( 某人 ), somebody( 某人 ), anything( 任何事 ), anyone( 任何人 ), anybody( 任何人 ), nothing( 沒事 ),nobody( 沒有人 ), no one( 沒有人 ), everything( 一切 ), everyo

12、ne( 每個人 ), everybody( 每個人 ). (1)no 和 none 的用法：? no 是形容詞 ,只能作定語表示 ,意思是 “沒有 ” ,修飾可數(shù)名詞 (單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù) )或不可數(shù)名詞。 如：There is no 他們沒有閱讀用 time left. Please hurry up.( 沒有時間了 ,請快點(diǎn) ) / They had no reading books to lend.( 書可以出借 ) 2 ?none只能獨(dú)立使用 ,在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語,意思是 “沒有一個人 (或事物 ) ” ,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如： None of them is/are in the c

13、lassroom.( 他們當(dāng)中沒有一個在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的書 ,但沒有一本是有趣的) (2)all 和 both 的用法：all 指三者或三者以上的人或物 ,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可用來代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both 指兩個人或物 ,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all 和 both 在句子中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他們學(xué)校里四個英國學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識) / 名詞 (復(fù)數(shù) )”的-Woul

14、d you like this one or that one? Both.( 你要這個還是那個？兩個都要。) all 和 both 既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞 ),也可以獨(dú)立使用,采用 “all/both + of the +形式 ,其中的 of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都調(diào)皮 ) (3)every和 each 用法：every 是形容詞 ,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是 “每一個 ” ,表示整體概念；each 是形容詞、代詞 ,可用作主語、賓語、定語等 ,意思是 “每個 ”或者 “各個 ” ,表示單個概念

15、；each 可以放在 名詞前 ,可以 后跟 of 短語 ,與動詞同時出現(xiàn)時要放在“be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞”之后或者行為動詞之前every 和 each 都用作單數(shù)理解 ,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞 (如 he/him/his) 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如 they/them/their) 替代。如： Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功 ) They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(4)other 、 the other

16、和 another的用法：(他們很忙 ,人人都有事干 ) ?other 意思是 “另一 ”、 “另一些 ” ,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。the other, 在原?another 意思是 “另外 ”、“又一個 ” ,表示增加 ,在句中可作賓語和定語。如：?Some girls are singing under the tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? I want another four b

17、ooks.(我還要四本書 ) another( 另外的 ,再一 ,又一 )與 the other( 另外的一個 ) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個時用先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another 。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? ?I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. (我已經(jīng)吃了4 塊蛋糕 ,但是我還要以塊。) others與 the others的主要區(qū)別：?others 指 “剩余的人 /物” (指大部分 )；the others指“其余的人 /物”指全部 )。如： A fe

18、w students are playing soccer while others are watching them. Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. (5)many和 much的用法：它們在句中可作主?many 意思是 “很多 ” ,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；much 意思是 “很多 ” ,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。語、賓語和定語等。如：I don t have many friends here.(在這里我沒有很多的朋友。) Many died in the bus accident.(許

19、多人在公交車禍中喪失) / We can learn much with the help of him. (在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多) ?many 和 much 一般用于 否定句 ,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者 lots of; ?many / much用于肯定句時可以在前面加上so、very 或 too. 如：There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場上有許多的人) They haven t got much work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做) There are too many people in the ro

20、om.(房間里人太多了。) 3 (6)one 與 ones 用來代替上文的一個或多個人或事物 ,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which 等如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?( 你要哪件夾克 ,這件還是那件？I don t like the green ones.( 我不喜歡綠色的那些 ) (7)so 可以代替一件事情 ,作句子的賓語或表語。如： I don t think so.( 我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。) / He lost a book. So did I.( 他丟失了一本書 ,我也是。 ) (8)a lot of、

21、 lots of 、a number of( /large numbers of)、 a great deal of、plenty of 的區(qū)別：? 五個 “名詞 +介詞 ”短語都表示 “ 大量 ,許多 ” , ? a lot of( 或 lots of) 既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為 much 和many ；?plenty of“足夠、大量 ” ,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。) ?a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為 some 、many

22、、a lot of 、plenty of 。?a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式)可以換為 much 。如： A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時間就是金錢。) I don t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.( 我用不著趕忙 ,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r間。I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫) I spend a great deal of ti

23、me/money on shopping.(在購物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時間/金錢。 ) (9)none 、 no one 、nobody的區(qū)別：?no one 和 nobody 都表示 “沒有人 ” ,僅指人 ,后面不跟 of 短語 ,作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式；?none 表示 “沒有一個人 /物” ,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of 短語 ,作主語時謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如： No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yeste

24、rday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。) None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。) 9、相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。each other ,one another 是相互代詞 ,譯成 “互相 ” ,可以通用。 each other 表示兩者之間 ,而 one anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式 each other s ,one another。如：We must help each other when we are in trouble.( 我們身處困境時要互相幫助。) / They sat ther

25、e without talking to one another / each other.(他們坐在那兒 ,互相都不說話。) 10 、疑問代詞：用來提出問題的代詞稱為疑問代詞。1、who 、whom 、whose 、what 、which 、whoever 、whatever 、whichever主要用于特殊疑問句中,一般放在句首?？谡Z中也常用who 代替 whom 作賓語 ,但在介詞后則只能用whom 。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀請了誰參加你的生日聚會的？) What does she want to be whe

26、n she grows up?(她長大了想干什么？) 2、who 和 whom 只能獨(dú)立使用 ,其中 who 可以作句子的主語、表語或動詞的賓語,whom 只能作謂語動詞的賓語；而what 、which 、whose 等既可以獨(dú)立使用作主語、表語和賓語,也可以與名詞構(gòu)成疑問短語。如： Who is that man?( 那男的是誰？ ) / What colour are their hats?( 他們的帽子是什么顏色？) 注意這個提問：The man in the car is my father.( 車?yán)锏哪腥耸俏腋赣H ) Which man is your father?( 哪個男人是你

27、的父親？) 3、which 除了可以詢問指代的情況之外 ,還可以針對說明人物的時間、地點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況等進(jìn)行提問。如： -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?( 為了度假你預(yù)訂了哪家旅館？) The biggest one in Haikou.( ?？谧畲蟮哪羌衣灭^ ) 4、疑問代詞不分單復(fù)數(shù) ,視它所替代的人或事物決定單復(fù)數(shù) ,但是通常用單數(shù)； 如果修飾名詞 ,則以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如： Who is (are) in that playhouse?( 誰在游戲房里？) What is that? ( 那是什么？ ) What

28、are those? ( 那些是什么？ ) 4 一、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空：1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she ) 2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its ) 3. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday. (its) 5. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I ) 6. These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive.( them

29、 ) 7. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them ) 8. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. _ brother lives with _ and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she ) 9. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at Engliush . ( his ) 10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she ) 11. Wh

30、at s the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its ) 二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of _ ? ( you ) 2. George has lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否） she will lend him _ . ( she ) 3. Jack has a dog and so have I. _ ( he ) dog and _ ( I ) had a fight ( 打架 )

31、. 4. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he ) 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they ) 6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ . (we ) 三、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞和物主代詞填空A. 從括號內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空 1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them ，the

32、ir ，theirs) away. 2. (We ，Us， Our， Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _(she，her ，hers). 3. (I， Me，My ，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me， my，mine)? 4. Tom can t get down from the tree. Can you help _(he，him ，his)? 5 6. We can t find our bikes. Can you help _(we，us，our ，our

33、s)? 5. These are _(he，him ，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me， mine). B. 填入正確的人稱代詞和物主代詞1. This isn t_knife. _ is green. ( she ) 2. These are your books，Kate. Put _ in the desk，please. (they ) 3. _ must look after _ things. ( you ) 4. Wei Fang ，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.( you ) 5. They want a foot

34、ball. Give _ the green one6. Its Lin Tao s bag. Give it to _. ( he ) ，please. ( they) 7. Is this pencil-box Li Leis? No ，_ is very new. ( he ) 8. This box is too heavy. I cant carry _. ( it ) Don t worry ，Let _( I ) help _. ( you) 9. _ is a boy _ name is Mike. Mikes friends like _ very much. ( he )

35、10. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. ( she ) 11. Jane is a little girl. _ mother is a nurse. ( she ) 12. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom is big. ( we) 13. My father and mother are teachers. _ are busy ( them) 14. You are a pupil. Is _ brother a pupil, too? ( you ) 四、用括號中的適當(dāng)形式填空（1）Are these _（you ）pencils? Yes, they are _（our ）. （2） Whose is this pencil? Its _ （I）. （3）I love _（they ）very much. （4）She is_（I）classmate. （5）Miss