Advanced-English-Book1-U3-Pain-Is-Not-the-Ultimate-Enemy

1、新世紀(jì)高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科生系列教材（修訂版）高級(jí)英語(yǔ)1電子教案Unit 3 Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy3Detailed ReadingContents24516Warm UpGlobal Reading Consolidation ActivitiesText Appreciation Further EnhancementSection 1: Warm Up Take the quiz below to see how well you know about everyday aches and pains.Lead-inBackground Infor

2、mation Some people say they feel pain in their hair. T/ F? Pain is always a sign that something is wrong. T/ F? Redheads may be more sensitive to pain than people with other hair colors. T/ F? Growing pains are real. T/ F?Women have a higher threshold for pain. T/ F? Exercise can help reduce pain ov

3、er time. T/ F? If you have back pain, you should sleep on a firm mattress. T/ F?TFTTTFFSection 1: Warm Up8. The most common painful condition is A. low back pain. B. cancer pain. C. headache. D. arthritis.9. Icing a sprain A. returns soft tissue to normal. B. decreases swelling. C. increases circula

4、tion. Lead-inBackground Information ABSection 1: Warm Up10. The difference between chronic pain and acute pain is A. the intensity of the pain. B. how long the pain lasts. C. where the pain is. D. when the pain comes on. Lead-inBackground Information BSection 1: Warm Up About the Author: Norman Cous

5、ins American essayist and editor, Norman Cousins was born in 1915 in Union Hill, New Jersey. He attended Teachers College at Columbia University, and then went on to lead an illustrious career as the longtime editor of The Saturday Review. During his lifetime Cousins fended off a life-threatening di

6、sease and a massive coronary, both times using his own regimen of nutritional and emotional support systems as opposed to traditional methods of treatment. 1915-1990Background Information Lead-inSection 1: Warm Up Norman Cousins died in November, 1990. He led an extraordinary life, spending his life

7、time challenging the odds. He received hundreds of awards including the Peace Medal from the United Nations, and nearly fifty honorary doctorate degrees. He also served as a diplomat during three presidential administrations. Cousins wrote on a variety of subjects and had many publications. In 1979,

8、 his Anatomy of an Illness appeared, a book based on Cousins own experience with his life-threatening illness and exploring the healing ability of the human mind. Background Information Lead-inSection 2: Global Reading Structural Analysis Main Idea To criticize over-advertisement of pain-killers. To

9、 enlighten the public on the causes and mechanisms of pain. To illustrate traditional misconceptions about pain and pain-killers. To recommend solutions for pain and the pain-related illiteracy. Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose.Section 2: Global Reading Please divide the

10、 text into 4 parts and summarize the main idea of each part.Structural Analysis Main IdeaPart I(Paragraph 1) Introduction Paragraph 1 states that Americans are the most pain-conscious people in the world and introduces the result of this over-consciousness. Structural Analysis Main IdeaPart III(Para

11、graphs 8-12) Harm of Pain-Killing Drugs Paragraphs 8-12, making use of typical examples, illustrate the harm of pain-killing drugs.Section 2: Global Reading Paragraphs 2-7 focus on the American peoples ignorance about pain. They point out their abuse of pain-killing drugs, and reasons for and harm o

12、f the abuse, and suggest the correct ways to confront pain in daily life.Part II(Paragraphs 2-7) American Peoples Ignorance about PainStructural Analysis Main IdeaPart IV(Paragraph 13) Conclusion In Paragraph 13, the author calls upon all the parties concerned to take action to educate people about

13、pain and pain-killing drugs.Section 2: Global ReadingSection 3: Detailed Reading1 Americans are probably the most pain-conscious people on the face of the earth. For years we have had it drummed into usin print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversationthat any hint of pain is to be banish

14、ed as though it were the ultimate evil. As a result, we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs, escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal.2 We know very little about pain and what we dont know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in Pain Is Not the U

15、ltimate Enemy QUESTIONSection 3: Detailed Readingthe United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about painwhat it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable causeall

16、the way from headaches to hemorrhoids. There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage

17、, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, QUESTIONSection 3: Detailed Readingexcessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society.3 2 The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to elimi

18、nate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillersaspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or desensitizing drugs.4 3 Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical p

19、rofession today is taking on the trappingsSection 3: Detailed Readingof a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. 4 It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a

20、doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.

21、Section 3: Detailed Reading5 Patients tend to feel indignant and insulted if the physician tells them he can find no organic cause of pain. They tend to interpret the term “psychogenic” to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the fact that many forms

22、 of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as mentioned earlier, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimes a pain may be a manifestation of “conversion hysteria,” the name given by Jean Charcot to Section 3: Detailed Readingphysical symptoms tha

23、t have their origins in emotional disturbances.6 Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness. 5 Some people are so terrified of getting bad news from a doctor that they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of

24、 no return. Total neglect is not the answer to hypochondria. 6The only answer has to be increased education about the way the human body works, so that more QUESTIONSection 3: Detailed Readingpeople will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill-popping and irresponsible disreg

25、ard of genuine symptoms.7 Of all forms of pain, none is more important for the individual to understand than the “threshold” variety. Almost everyone has a telltale ache that is triggered whenever tension or fatigue reaches a certain point. It can take the form of a migraine-type headache or a squee

26、zing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or a pain in the lower back or even pain in the joints. 7The individual who has learned how to makeQUESTIONSection 3: Detailed Readingthe correlation between such threshold pains and their cause doesnt panic when they occur; he or she does something about reli

27、eving the stress and tension. Then, if the pain persists despite the absence of apparent cause, the individual will telephone the doctor.8 If ignorance about the nature of pain is widespread, ignorance about the way pain-killing drugs work is even more so. What is not generally understood is that ma

28、ny of the vaunted pain-killing drugs conceal the pain without correcting the underlying condition. They deaden the mechanism in the Section 3: Detailed Readingbody that alerts the brain to the fact that something may be wrong. 8 The body can pay a high price for suppression of pain without regard to

29、 its basic cause.9 Professional athletes are sometimes severely disadvantaged by trainers whose job is to keep them in action. 9 The more famous the athlete, the greater the risk that he or she may be subjected to extreme medical measures when injury strikes. The star baseball pitcher whose arm is s

30、ore because of a torn muscle or tissue damage may need sustained rest more than anything else. But his team is battling for a place in the World Section 3: Detailed ReadingSeries; so the trainer or team doctor, called upon to work his magic, reaches for a strong dose of Butazolidine or other powerfu

31、l pain suppressants. Presto, the pain disappears! The pitcher takes his place on the mound and does superbly. That could be the last game, however, in which he is able to throw a ball with full strength. The drugs didnt repair the torn muscle or cause the damaged tissue to heal. What they did was to

32、 mask the pain, enabling the pitcher to throw hard, further damaging the torn muscle. 10 Little wonder that so many star athletes are cut down in their prime, more the victims of QUESTIONSection 3: Detailed Readingoverzealous treatment of their injuries than of the injuries themselves.10 11 The king

33、 of all painkillers, of course, is aspirin. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, 12 but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, in sustained doses, potentially lethal. 13 Aspirin is self-administered by more people than any other

34、drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a day. What they dont know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. 14 Even more Section 3: Detailed Readingserious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation

35、 of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of the connective tissues, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition.11 Aspirin is not the only pain-killing drug, of course, that is known to have dangerous side effects. Dr. Daphne

36、 A. Roe, of Cornell University, at a medical meeting in New York City in 1974, presented startling evidence of a wide range of hazards associated with sedatives and other pain suppressants. Some ofQUESTIONSection 3: Detailed Readingthese drugs seriously interfere with the ability of the body to meta

37、bolize food properly, producing malnutrition. In some instances, there is also the danger of bone-marrow depression, interfering with the ability of the body to replenish its blood supply.12 Pain-killing drugs are among the greatest advances in the history of medicine. Properly used, they can be a b

38、oon in alleviating suffering and in treating disease. 15 But their indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psychological cripples and chronic ailers out of millions of people. 16 TheSection 3: Detailed Readingunremitting barrage of advertising for pain-killing drugs, especially over television,

39、 has set the stage for a mass anxiety neurosis. 17Almost from the moment children are old enough to sit upright in front of a television screen, they are being indoctrinated into the hypochondriacs clamorous and morbid world. Little wonder so many people fear pain more than death itself.13 It might

40、be a good idea if 18concerned physicians and educators could get together to make knowledge about pain an important part of the regular school curriculum. As for the Section 3: Detailed Readingpopulace at large, perhaps some of the same techniques used by public-service agencies to make people cance

41、r-conscious can be used to counteract the growing terror of pain and illness in general. 19People ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive, given a modicum of respect. If our broadcasting stations cannot provide equal time for responses to the pa

42、in-killing advertisements, they might at least set aside a few minutes each day for common-sense remarks on the subject of pain.Section 3: Detailed Reading20As for the Food and Drug Administration, it might be interesting to know why an agency that has energetically warned the American people agains

43、t taking vitamins without prescriptions is doing so little to control over-the-counter sales each year of billions of pain-killing pills, some of which can do more harm than the pain they are supposed to suppress.QUESTIONACTIVITYSection 3: Detailed ReadingWhat has been “drummed into” the American pe

44、ople for years? (Paragraph 1)The idea “that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil”. And because of this, Americans have become fond of pain-killing drugs.Section 3: Detailed ReadingWhat is the most harmful part of the American peoples ignorance about pain? (Paragraph

45、 2)According to the author, the most widespread or costly form of illiteracy in the United States is ignorance about pain. The most harmful part of it is that people believe that pain is the indicator of poor health and the best way to eliminate pain is to take pills. Section 3: Detailed Reading Wha

46、t is one possible cause of pain according to Paragraph 5? (Paragraph 5) Emotional disturbances. Section 3: Detailed Reading What should be the wise response to pain? (Paragraph 6)Dont abuse pain-killing drugs and at the same time pay due attention to symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially

47、 serious illness. Section 3: Detailed Reading Why does the author mention the star baseball pitcher? (Paragraph 9)The author mentions the star baseball pitcher to illustrate the great harm of pain-killing drugs: they conceal the pain without correcting the underlying condition so that the patient mi

48、sses the best chance of treatment and recovery. And the famous athletes are the best representatives of these victims. Section 3: Detailed Reading Why does the author mention aspirin? (Paragraph 10)Because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, this dr

49、ug has been abused most seriously, its negative side effects being unknown to many people. The author thus uses it as an example to illustrate the great harm of abusing pain-killing drugs. Section 3: Detailed ReadingWhat should be the responsibility of the media and the government departments in red

50、ucing the abuse of pain-killing drugs? (Paragraph 13) The media should set a certain length of time every day to publicize the common-sense remarks on the subject of pain. As for the government departments, such as the Food and Drug Administration, they should exert a more positive influence in cont

51、rolling over-the-counter sales of pain-killing drugs each year.Class Discussions It is said that the pain of the mind is much worse than the pain of the body. Discuss the philosophical implications of this statement and present your views with illustrations from your own life experiences.Section 3:

52、Detailed ReadingSection 3: Detailed Reading e.g. The importance of good manners was drummed into us at an early age.They drummed it into her that she was not to tell anyone.drum sth. into sb.: to teach sth. to sb. by repeating it to them frequentlySection 3: Detailed Readingbanish: v. to get rid of

53、sth. completely; to send sb. away, especially from their country, and forbid them to come backe.g.You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind. He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year.Section 3: Detailed ReadingPractice:Translate the following sentences into English. 1)

54、他們因?yàn)槌臭[而被趕出了圖書館。( =They were banished from the library for making a noise. )2) 他現(xiàn)在已擯棄了所有退休的念頭。( =He has now banished all thoughts of retirement. ) Section 3: Detailed Readinghypochondriac: n. a person who continually worries about his health, although there is really nothing wrong with him e.g.Shes a

55、 terrible hypochondriacshes always at the doctors.Transformation:hypochondria n. a state in which a person continually worries about his health without having any reason to do soSection 3: Detailed Readinge.g.escalate: v. to make or become greater or more serious The decision to escalate UN involvem

56、ent has been taken in the hopes of a swift end to the hostilities.The protests escalated into five days of rioting.Section 3: Detailed ReadingPractice:Translate the following sentences.1) 失業(yè)后他的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。 ( =His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed. )2) Any unexpected circumstance t

57、hat arises may escalate the conflict. ( =任何突發(fā)的狀況都可能使沖突嚴(yán)重化。)Section 3: Detailed Reading searing: a. extremely intense e.g.A searing pain shot up her arm.The race took place in the searing heat. Section 3: Detailed Readingall the more: even more than beforee.g.Several publishers rejected her book, but

58、 that just made her all the more determined.The living room is decorated in pale colours that make it all the more airy.Section 3: Detailed Reading rattle off: to say or do sth. very quickly and without much effort e.g.She rattled off the names of the people who were coming to the party.Martha insta

59、ntly rattled off the names and descriptions, hardly stumbling over strange words.Section 3: Detailed Readingconceivable: a. possible to imagine or to believe e.g.Life without Jane was conceivable; he might always remember her but not always with pain.They have done everything conceivable to help the

60、se people.Transformation: I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old. I cant conceive how anyone could behave so cruelly. conceive v. to imagine sth.e.g.Section 3: Detailed ReadingSection 3: Detailed Readinghemorrhoid: n. an itching or painful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tis