電大本科《西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》期末復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)資料考試小抄_第1頁(yè)
電大本科《西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》期末復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)資料考試小抄_第2頁(yè)
電大本科《西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》期末復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)資料考試小抄_第3頁(yè)
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1、電大本西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)資料考試小抄一、單項(xiàng)選擇題 1需求曲線是一條傾斜的曲線,其傾斜的方向?yàn)椋?A右下方 ) 2其他因素保持不變,只是某種商品的價(jià)格下降,則( C需求量增加 ) 3下列因素中,不會(huì)是需求曲線移動(dòng)的是( B商品價(jià)格下降 ) 4供給曲線是一條傾斜的曲線,其傾斜的方向?yàn)椋?B右上方 ) 5如果某種商品供給曲線的斜率為正,在保持其他條件不變的情況下,該商品價(jià)格上升,導(dǎo)致( C供給量增加 ) 6假如生產(chǎn)某種商品所需原材料的價(jià)格上升,則這種商品的( B供給曲線向左上方移動(dòng) ) 7當(dāng)供求原理發(fā)生作用時(shí),糧食減產(chǎn)在市場(chǎng)上的作用是( B糧食價(jià)格上升 ) 8關(guān)于均衡價(jià)格的正確說(shuō)法是( C均衡價(jià)格

2、是供給曲線與需求曲線交點(diǎn)上的價(jià)格 ) 9均衡價(jià)格隨著( D需求的增加和供給的減少而上升 ) 10已知某商品的需求函數(shù)和供給函數(shù)分別為:Qd=14-3P,Qs=2+6P,則該商品的均衡價(jià)格是( A4/3 ) 11政府為了扶植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,規(guī)定了高于均衡價(jià)格的支持價(jià)格。為此,政府應(yīng)采取的措施是( C收購(gòu)過(guò)剩的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 ) 12政府把價(jià)格限制在均衡價(jià)格一下,可能導(dǎo)致( A黑市交易 ) 13在下列關(guān)于價(jià)格彈性的表達(dá)中,正確的是( A價(jià)格彈性是需求量變動(dòng)對(duì)價(jià)格變動(dòng)的反應(yīng)程度 ) 14如果某商品富有需求價(jià)格彈性,則該商品價(jià)格上升,( C銷售收益下降 ) 15如果人們收入水平提高,則食物支出在支出中的比重將會(huì)( C

3、下降 ) 16假定某商品的價(jià)格從5元降到4元,需求量從9個(gè)上升到11個(gè),則該商品的總收益將( C減少 ) 17蛛網(wǎng)理論主要是針對(duì)( B周期性商品 ) 18已知某商品的需求彈性與供給彈性均等于1.5,則蛛網(wǎng)的形狀為( C封閉型 ) 19已知某商品的需求彈性等于0.5,供給彈性等于1.8,則蛛網(wǎng)形狀為( B發(fā)散型 ) 20已知某商品的需求彈性等于1.5,供給彈性等于0.8,則蛛網(wǎng)形狀為( A收斂型 ) 21某消費(fèi)者逐漸增加某種商品的消費(fèi)量,直至達(dá)到了效用最大化,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,該商品的( C總效用不斷增加,邊際效用不斷下降 ) 22總效用曲線達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)時(shí),( B邊際效用為0 ) 23如果消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)15

4、個(gè)面包獲得的總效用是100個(gè)效用單位,消費(fèi)16個(gè)面包獲得的總效用是106個(gè)效用單位。則第16個(gè)面包的邊際效用是( D6個(gè) )效用單位。 24消費(fèi)者剩余是指消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買某種商品時(shí),從消費(fèi)中得到的( B滿足程度超過(guò)他實(shí)際支付的價(jià)格部分 ) 25消費(fèi)者均衡的公式是( CMUa/PaMUb/Pb ) 26一般來(lái)說(shuō),無(wú)差異曲線的形狀是( B向右下方傾斜的曲線 ) 27在同一個(gè)平面圖上,有( B無(wú)數(shù)條無(wú)差異曲線 ) 28無(wú)差異曲線上任一點(diǎn)商品X和Y的邊際替代率等于它們的( C邊際效用之比 ) 29商品X和Y的價(jià)格按相同的比率上升,而收入不變,則預(yù)算線( A向左下方平行移動(dòng) 30總需求曲線是一條向右下方傾斜的

5、曲線,表明( B國(guó)民收入與價(jià)格水平成反方向變動(dòng) ) 31總需求曲線表明( D產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)與貨幣市場(chǎng)同時(shí)達(dá)到均衡時(shí),總需求與價(jià)格水平之間的關(guān)系 ) 32導(dǎo)致總需求曲線向右上方移動(dòng)的因素是( A政府支出的增加 ) 33導(dǎo)致總需求曲線向左下方移動(dòng)的因素是( B政府支出的減少 )34下面不構(gòu)成總需求的是( D稅收 ) 35總需求消費(fèi)+投資+政府支出( B+凈出口 ) 36在以價(jià)格為縱坐標(biāo)、收入為橫坐標(biāo)的坐標(biāo)系中,長(zhǎng)期總供給曲線是一條( D與橫軸垂直的線 ) 37長(zhǎng)期總供給曲線表示( B經(jīng)濟(jì)中的資源已得到了充分利用 )38短期總供給曲線表明( C總供給與價(jià)格水平成同方向變動(dòng) ) 39導(dǎo)致短期總供給曲線向左上

6、方移動(dòng)的因素是( A投入生產(chǎn)要素的價(jià)格普遍上升 ) 40平均成本等于( C平均不變成本與平均可變成本之和 ) 41假定某企業(yè)全部成本函數(shù)為T(mén)C=30000+5Q-Q2,Q為產(chǎn)出數(shù)量,那么TVC為( B5Q-Q2 ) 42收益是指( A成本加利潤(rùn) ) 43利潤(rùn)最大化的原則是( C邊際收益等于邊際成本 ) 44一直產(chǎn)量為500件時(shí),平均成本為2元,當(dāng)產(chǎn)量增加到550件時(shí),平均成本等于2.5元。在這一產(chǎn)量變化范圍內(nèi),實(shí)際成本( D隨著產(chǎn)量的增加而增加,并大于平均成本 ) 45當(dāng)總量下降時(shí),( D邊際產(chǎn)量為負(fù) ) 46如果連續(xù)的增加某種生產(chǎn)要素,在總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大時(shí),邊際產(chǎn)量曲線( C與橫軸相交 ) 4

7、7邊際技術(shù)替代率是指( D在保持原有產(chǎn)出不變的條件下,用一種要素投入替代另一種要素投入的比率 ) 48等成本曲線平行向外移動(dòng)表明( B成本增加了 ) 49下列說(shuō)法中,錯(cuò)誤的是( B只要邊際產(chǎn)量減少,總產(chǎn)量一定也減少 ) 50如下圖所示,廠商的理性決策范圍應(yīng)在( B51,BEd=1,DEd1,BEm=1,DEm1,EEm1,BEs=1,DEsSAVC,D P=SAVC ) 36按競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與壟斷的程度,我們將市場(chǎng)分為( A完全壟斷市場(chǎng),B壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng),C寡頭壟斷市場(chǎng),D完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng) ) 37行業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線分為三種情況,( A成本不變的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線,B成本遞減的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線,D成本遞增的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線

8、 ) 38廠商要獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn),一定是( A TRTC,B PAC ) 39在短期,完全壟斷廠商( A有可能獲得正常利潤(rùn),B有可能發(fā)生虧損,E可能獲得超額利潤(rùn) ) 40價(jià)格歧視分為( A一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視,B二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視,C三級(jí)價(jià)格歧視 ) 41一個(gè)完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),必須具備的條件是( A市場(chǎng)上有很多生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者,C行業(yè)中廠商生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是無(wú)差別的,D廠商和生產(chǎn)要素可以自由流動(dòng),E購(gòu)買者和生產(chǎn)者對(duì)市場(chǎng)信息完全了解 ) 42一個(gè)壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),必須具備的條件是( A市場(chǎng)上有很多生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者,B行業(yè)中廠商生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是有差別的,D進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的障礙較少 ) 43寡頭壟斷市場(chǎng),必須具備的條件是( B行業(yè)

9、中廠商生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是可以有差別的,也可以是無(wú)差別的,D進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)存在比較大的障礙,E市場(chǎng)中廠商數(shù)量較少 ) 44在寡頭壟斷市場(chǎng),折彎的需求曲線表明( A寡頭壟斷企業(yè)一般不輕易進(jìn)行價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng),B寡頭壟斷企業(yè)之間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重點(diǎn)是改進(jìn)技術(shù),降低成本,D成本略有下降,價(jià)格保持不變,利潤(rùn)增加 ) 45生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格形成與商品價(jià)格形成的不同點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為( A供求主體不同,B需求性質(zhì)不同,E需求特點(diǎn)不同 ) 46勞動(dòng)、土地、資本和企業(yè)家才能等生產(chǎn)要素的價(jià)格分別是( A工資,B利潤(rùn),C利息,E地租 ) 47生產(chǎn)要素的需求是一種( A派生需求,E引致需求 ) 48影響勞動(dòng)供給的因素有( A工資率,B閑暇,C勞動(dòng)者擁有的財(cái)富狀況

10、,D社會(huì)習(xí)俗,E人口總量及其構(gòu)成 ) 49生產(chǎn)者剩余是( B生產(chǎn)要素的供給者得到的額外收入,C生產(chǎn)者實(shí)際收入的增加,E生產(chǎn)要素所有者得到的超過(guò)其愿意接受的收入部分 ) 50利息是( A資本的報(bào)酬,B資本這一生產(chǎn)要素的價(jià)格,C由資本市場(chǎng)的供求雙方?jīng)Q定的 ) 51形成市場(chǎng)失靈的主要原因有( A壟斷,B不完全信息,D外部性,E公共物品 ) 52一般來(lái)說(shuō),壟斷存在的缺點(diǎn)是( A缺乏效率,B缺乏公平,C與完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)相比,產(chǎn)品價(jià)格高、產(chǎn)量低 ) 53外部性可以分為( A生產(chǎn)的外部經(jīng)濟(jì),B生產(chǎn)的外部不經(jīng)濟(jì),C消費(fèi)的外部經(jīng)濟(jì),D消費(fèi)的外部不經(jīng)濟(jì) ) 54解決外部性的對(duì)策有( A征稅,B補(bǔ)貼,C企業(yè)合并

11、,E明確產(chǎn)權(quán) ) 55私人物品的基本特征是( A競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性,C排他性 ) 56公共物品的基本特征是( B非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性,D非排他性 ) 57居民消費(fèi)函數(shù)的構(gòu)成包括( A初始消費(fèi)支出 B邊際消費(fèi)傾向決定的引致消費(fèi) ) 58居民邊際消費(fèi)傾向遞減說(shuō)明( B消費(fèi)增加的數(shù)量小于國(guó)民收入的增加量,C消費(fèi)在收入中的比例將隨著國(guó)民收入的上升而下降,E消費(fèi)和收入之間的差額將隨著收入的增加而越來(lái)越大 59消費(fèi)函數(shù)與儲(chǔ)蓄函數(shù)的關(guān)系是( A它們是由消費(fèi)和儲(chǔ)蓄的關(guān)系決定的,B收入為消費(fèi)和儲(chǔ)蓄之和,C當(dāng)收入一定時(shí),消費(fèi)增加儲(chǔ)蓄減少,E當(dāng)收入一定時(shí),消費(fèi)減少儲(chǔ)蓄增加 ) 60邊際消費(fèi)傾向與邊際儲(chǔ)蓄傾向的關(guān)系為( A MPC+MPS=

12、1,B MPS=1-MPC,D MPC=1-MPS ) 61西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀消費(fèi)理論包括( A杜森貝的相對(duì)收入理論,C凱恩斯的絕對(duì)收入理論,D弗里德曼的持久收入理論,E莫迪利安尼的生命周期理論 ) 62乘數(shù)的效應(yīng)可以理解為( A總需求的增加引起國(guó)民收入的成倍增加,B總需求的減少引起國(guó)民收入的成倍減少,C乘數(shù)是在資源沒(méi)有得到充分利用的情況下發(fā)揮作用,E乘數(shù)的大小取決于邊際消費(fèi)傾向的大小 ) 63投資乘數(shù)形成取決于( A產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的相互關(guān)聯(lián),B資源未得到充分利用 ) 64三部門(mén)國(guó)民收入決定的一般規(guī)律是( A邊際消費(fèi)傾向提高,國(guó)民收入增加,B邊際稅率傾向降低,國(guó)民收入增加,C初始消費(fèi)增加,國(guó)民收入增加,

13、E政府支出增加,國(guó)民收入增加 ) 65國(guó)民收入變動(dòng)的一般規(guī)律是( A投資增加,國(guó)民收入增加,B投資減少,國(guó)民收入減少,C政府支出增加,國(guó)民收入增加,D政府支出減少,國(guó)民收入減少 ) 66乘數(shù)的公式表明( B邊際消費(fèi)傾向越低,乘數(shù)就越小,C邊際消費(fèi)傾向越高,乘數(shù)就越大 ) 67下列表述正確的是( C總需求曲線是表明總需求與價(jià)格水平之間關(guān)系的曲線,D在以價(jià)格和收入為坐標(biāo)的坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),總需求曲線是向右下方傾斜的 ) 68在其他條件不變的情況下,導(dǎo)致總需求曲線向右移動(dòng)的因素有( A政府支出增加,B自發(fā)投資增加,C政府稅收減少,D儲(chǔ)蓄減少 ) 69總需求的構(gòu)成包括( A居民的消費(fèi),B企業(yè)的投資,C政府的支

14、出,D凈出口 ) 70影響總需求的因素有( A價(jià)格水平,B收入水平,C預(yù)期,D財(cái)政政策,E貨幣政策 ) 71引起總需求曲線向右上方移動(dòng)的因素有( A政府采取措施允許分期付款購(gòu)買住房,C政府決定增加開(kāi)支,增加政府購(gòu)買 ) 72在以價(jià)格為縱坐標(biāo)、收入為橫坐標(biāo)的坐標(biāo)系中,( C垂直的直線被稱為長(zhǎng)期總供給曲線,E向右上方傾斜的曲線被稱為短期總供給曲線 ) 73總供給的構(gòu)成包括( B居民的消費(fèi),C居民的儲(chǔ)蓄,D政府的稅收,E進(jìn)口物品 ) 74短期總供給曲線是一條向右上方傾斜的曲線表明,( B價(jià)格水平越高,國(guó)民收入水平越高,D價(jià)格與國(guó)民收入呈同方向變動(dòng) 75政府購(gòu)買支出乘數(shù)的作用是(B雙重的,C使國(guó)民收入

15、數(shù)倍增加,D使國(guó)民收入數(shù)倍減少)76屬于內(nèi)在穩(wěn)定器的項(xiàng)目是(B稅收,C政府轉(zhuǎn)移支付)77經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí),政府應(yīng)該(A增加政府購(gòu)買支出,D減少稅收,E增加轉(zhuǎn)移支付)78會(huì)引起收入水平上升的情況是(A增加自主性支出,B減少自主性稅收,C增加自主性轉(zhuǎn)移支付)79在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)期,依靠發(fā)行公債擴(kuò)大政府支出的擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政政策對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響有(A緩和經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條,B增加政府債務(wù))80實(shí)行赤字財(cái)政的影響有(A在短期內(nèi)可以刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),C在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)使經(jīng)濟(jì)走出衰退)81凱恩斯主義和現(xiàn)代貨幣主義都認(rèn)為(A收入,B利息率,C價(jià)格)是影響貨幣需求的因素。82居民和企業(yè)持有貨幣的動(dòng)機(jī)有(B交易動(dòng)機(jī),C預(yù)防動(dòng)機(jī),D投機(jī)動(dòng)機(jī))83凱恩

16、斯的貨幣需求理論認(rèn)為貨幣流通速度由(A收入,C利率)決定。84根據(jù)凱恩斯貨幣理論,貨幣供給量增加,(A利率降低,C投資和總需求增加)計(jì)算題1令需求曲線的方程式為P=30-4Q,供給曲線的方程式為P=20+2Q,試求均衡價(jià)格與均衡產(chǎn)量。 解:已知:P=30-4Q,P=20+2Q價(jià)格相等得: 30-4Q =20+2Q 6Q=10 Q=1.7代入P=30-4Q,P=30-41.7=23 、2某產(chǎn)品的需求函數(shù)為P3Q10,求P1時(shí)的需求彈性。若廠家要擴(kuò)大 銷售收入,應(yīng)該采取提價(jià)還是降價(jià)的策略? 解:已知:P3Q10, P1將P=1代入P3Q10求得Q=3 當(dāng)P=1時(shí)的需求彈性為1/3,屬缺乏彈性,應(yīng)提

17、價(jià)。 3已知某家庭的總效用方程為T(mén)U=14Q-Q2 ,Q為消費(fèi)商品數(shù)量,(1)試求該家庭消費(fèi)多少商品效用最大,(2)效用最大額是多少。 解:總效用為T(mén)U=14Q-Q2 所以邊際效用MU=14-2Q 效用最大時(shí),邊際效用應(yīng)該為零。即MU=14-2Q=0 Q=7, 總效用TU=147 - 72 = 49 即消費(fèi)7個(gè)商品時(shí),效用最大。最大效用額為49 4已知某人的效用函數(shù)為T(mén)U=4X+Y,如果消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)16單位X和14單位Y,試求:(1)消費(fèi)者的總效用(2)如果因某種原因消費(fèi)者只能消費(fèi)4個(gè)單位X產(chǎn)品,在保持總效用不變的情況下,需要消費(fèi)多少單位Y產(chǎn)品? 解:(1)因?yàn)閄=16,Y=14,TU=4X+Y

18、,所以TU=4*16+14=78 (2)總效用不變,即78不變 4*4+Y=78 Y=62 、5假設(shè)消費(fèi)者張某對(duì)X和Y兩種商品的效用函數(shù)為U=X2Y2 ,張某收入為500元,X和Y的價(jià)格分別為PX=2元,PY=5元,求:張某對(duì)X和Y兩種商品的最佳組合。 解:MUX=2X Y2 MUY = 2Y X2 又因?yàn)镸UX/PX = MUY/PY PX=2元,PY=5元 所以:2X Y2/2=2Y X2 /5 得X=2.5Y 又因?yàn)椋篗=PXX+PYY M=500 所以:X=50 Y=125 6某消費(fèi)者收入為120元,用于購(gòu)買X和Y兩種商品,X商品的價(jià)格為20元,Y商品的價(jià)格為10元,求:(1)計(jì)算出該

19、消費(fèi)者所購(gòu)買的X和Y有多少種數(shù)量組合,各種組合的X商品和Y商品各是多少?(2)作出一條預(yù)算線。(3)所購(gòu)買的X商品為4,Y商品為6時(shí),應(yīng)該是哪一點(diǎn)?在不在預(yù)算線上?為什么?(4)所購(gòu)買的X商品為3,Y商品為3時(shí),應(yīng)該是哪一點(diǎn)?在不在預(yù)算線上?為什么? 解:(1)因?yàn)椋篗=PXX+PYY M=120 PX=20,PY=10 所以:120=20X+10Y X=0 Y=12;X=1 Y =10;X=2 Y=8;X=3 Y=6;X=4 Y=4;X=5 Y=2;X=6 Y=0 共有7種組合 (2) (3)X=4, Y=6 , 圖中的A點(diǎn),不在預(yù)算線上,因?yàn)楫?dāng)X=4, Y=6時(shí),需要的收入總額應(yīng)該是204

20、+106=140,而題中給的收入總額只有120,兩種商品的組合雖然是最大的,但收入達(dá)不到。 (4) X =3,Y=3,圖中的B點(diǎn),不在預(yù)算線上,因?yàn)楫?dāng)X=3, Y=3時(shí),需要的收入總額應(yīng)該是203+103=90,而題中給的收入總額只有120,兩種商品的組合收入雖然能夠達(dá)到,但不是效率最大。 7已知Q=6750 50P,總成本函數(shù)為T(mén)C=12000+0025Q2 。求(1)利潤(rùn)最大的產(chǎn)量和價(jià)格?(2)最大利潤(rùn)是多少? 解:(1)因?yàn)椋篢C=12000+0025Q2 ,所以MC = 0.05 Q 又因?yàn)椋篞=6750 50P,所以TR=PQ=135Q - (1/50)Q2 MR=135- (1/2

21、5)Q 因?yàn)槔麧?rùn)最大化原則是MR=MC 所以0.05 Q=135- (1/25)Q Q=1500 P=105 (2)最大利潤(rùn)=TR-TC=89250 8已知生產(chǎn)函數(shù)Q=LK,當(dāng)Q=10時(shí),PL= 4,PK = 1求:(1)廠商最佳生產(chǎn)要素組合時(shí)資本和勞動(dòng)的數(shù)量是多少?(2)最小成本是多少? 解:(1)因?yàn)镼=LK, 所以MPK= LMPL=K 又因?yàn)椋簧a(chǎn)者均衡的條件是MPK/ MPL=PK/PL 將Q=10 ,PL= 4,PK = 1 代入MPK/ MPL=PK/PL 可得:K=4L和10=KL 所以:L = 1.6,K=6.4 (2)最小成本=41.6+16.4=12.8 10已知可變要素

22、勞動(dòng)的短期生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的產(chǎn)量表如下: 勞動(dòng)量(L) 總產(chǎn)量(TQ) 平均產(chǎn)量(AQ) 邊際產(chǎn)量(MQ) 0 0 1 5 5 5 2 12 6 7 3 18 6 6 4 22 5.5 4 5 25 5 3 6 27 4.5 2 7 28 4 1 8 28 3.5 0 9 27 3 -1 10 25 2.5 -2 9已知一壟斷企業(yè)成本函數(shù)為:TC=5Q2 +20Q+1000,產(chǎn)品的需求函數(shù)為: Q=140-P,求:(1)利潤(rùn)最大化時(shí)的產(chǎn)量、價(jià)格和利潤(rùn),(2)廠商是否從事生產(chǎn)? 解:(1)利潤(rùn)最大化的原則是:MR=MC 因?yàn)門(mén)R=PQ=140-QQ=140Q-Q2 所以MR=140-2Q MC=10Q+

23、20 所以 140-2Q = 10Q+20 Q=10 ;P=130 (2)最大利潤(rùn)=TR-TC= -400 (3)因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)-400,出現(xiàn)了虧損,是否生產(chǎn)要看價(jià)格與平均變動(dòng)成本的關(guān)系。平均變動(dòng)成本AVC=VC/Q= (5Q2 +20Q)/Q=5Q+20=70,而價(jià)格是130大于平均變動(dòng)成本,所以盡管出現(xiàn)虧損,但廠商依然從事生產(chǎn),此時(shí)生產(chǎn)比不生產(chǎn)虧損要少。 請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(_)O萬(wàn)分謝謝!2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過(guò)小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chin

24、ese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including th

25、e Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $3

26、5 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, acc

27、ording to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online

28、 travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a max

29、imum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiti

30、ng China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first am

31、ong overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at

32、Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to re

33、ach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for a

34、dventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara I

35、slands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a we

36、eklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among t

37、he most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustrati

38、on books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books

39、and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced afte

40、r the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large numb

41、er of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the de

42、velopment of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspira

43、tion to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in

44、 Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machi

45、nes, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden off

46、ers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails where visitors ca

47、n see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female

48、lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when

49、 pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eu

50、rozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the

51、EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Cen

52、tral Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile global recovery. As a major customer

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