人教版高中英語-2021屆新高考版-第二部分-專題九-并列連詞和狀語從句-課件

1、專題九 并列連詞和狀語從句【第二部分 語法知識貫通】卷別并列連詞狀語從句2020新高考(山東) 37.or 全國卷2020 65.When/As201967.but 2018 5年考頻5年2考5年1考浙江卷 2021.156.and 2020.7 2020.165.and 2019.6 2018.1159.or 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 5年考頻5年3考5年0考五年考情回顧命題分析預(yù)測1.高考對并列連詞的考查主要體現(xiàn)在對句子之間關(guān)系和行文邏輯關(guān)系的理解上,?？疾椴⒘羞B詞and,but,or等。2.對狀語從句的考查集中在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句上?？键c(diǎn)1 并列連詞考點(diǎn)2 狀語

2、從句難點(diǎn) 狀語從句的省略必備知識通關(guān) 考點(diǎn)1 并列連詞 并列連詞用來連接兩個(gè)或更多的單詞、短語或分句。由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分句的句子叫并列句。不同的并列連詞有不同的意義,也體現(xiàn)出各個(gè)分句之間不同的邏輯關(guān)系。具體如下:知識1表示并列、順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 表示并列、順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列連詞有and, both.and., as well as, not only.but also., neither.nor.等。Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.汽車半路拋錨了,他們只好

3、在一家小旅館過夜。Not only did he speak correctly, but also he spoke easily.他不僅說得正確,而且說得輕松。I have neither time nor money for the ball.我既沒有時(shí)間也沒有錢參加舞會(huì)。知識2表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有but和yet,表示對比的有 while和whereas。I should have written before, but I was ill. 我本該之前就寫信的,但我生病了。Outgoing persons enjoy surrounding themselves

4、with many friends, while/whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but closer friendships.外向的人喜歡身邊有很多朋友,而靦腆的人也許滿足于更少但更親密的朋友關(guān)系。 1 You may want to keep a calm mood, _ you should never stop fighting for yourselves!解析 句意:你們也許想保持平和的心情,但是絕不應(yīng)該停止為自己奮斗!根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折,故填but或yet。知識3表示選擇關(guān)系 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有o

5、r, or else, either.or., not.but.等。Shall we go to the cinema or stay at home?我們是去看電影還是待在家里?I have two tickets. Either you or your brother can go with me. 我有兩張票,你或者你弟弟可以和我一起去。The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy. 這頓飯不是給一個(gè)人,而是給許多人享用的。特別提醒在祈使句+and/or+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)中,and表示順承,or表示否則。 祈使句+and+陳述句有時(shí)可用名詞(詞組

6、)+and+陳述句表示,名詞詞組中常含有more, another, further, earlier等詞。Work hard, and you will succeed. 努力工作,你就會(huì)成功。Hurry up, or well be late for school. 快點(diǎn),否則我們上學(xué)會(huì)遲到的。One more hour, and Ill get the work finished.再多一個(gè)小時(shí),我就能把工作完成。 2 2021安徽合肥調(diào)研性檢測,62Dive down 650 feet, _you will notice that light starts fading rapidly.

7、 解析 此處表示潛到650英尺深的時(shí)候,你會(huì)注意到光開始迅速變暗。此處表示順承,故用and,構(gòu)成祈使句+and+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。知識4表示因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有so和for。so表示結(jié)果,不能與because連用。for表示由于,引出的分句用逗號與前句隔開,表示補(bǔ)充說明,不可換為because。 She was not feeling very well, so she stayed at home all day.她覺得不太舒服,所以一整天都待在家里。It broke out, for the birds began to sing. 鳥開始叫了,天亮了。(for不能換為because

8、。鳥開始叫不是天亮的原因。)特別提醒when作并列連詞時(shí)的常用句式when也可作并列連詞,意為這時(shí),那時(shí),相當(dāng)于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:1.Sb. was doing sth. whenWe were having a meeting when he broke in. 我們正在開會(huì),這時(shí)他闖了進(jìn)來。2.Sb. was about to do/on the point of doing sth. when I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出門,這時(shí)電話響了。3.Sb. had just do

9、ne sth. whenI had just left when it began to rain. 我剛離開,天就開始下雨了。狀語從句在句中作狀語。狀語從句位于主句之前時(shí),常用逗號隔開;位于主句之后時(shí),一般不用逗號。狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較和讓步等狀語從句。知識1時(shí)間狀語從句 1.when, as與while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別 考點(diǎn)1 并列連詞 考點(diǎn)2 狀語從句連詞用法從句謂語動(dòng)詞when從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生。when可指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指時(shí)間段。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 續(xù)表 When I opened th

10、e door, I found everything was gone.我打開門時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西都沒了。Please dont speak so loud while/when others are working.別人在工作時(shí),請別那么大聲講話。連詞用法從句謂語動(dòng)詞while從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞as強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,可譯為一邊一邊,隨著。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞He hurried home, looking behind as he walked.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一邊走一邊回頭望。 3 _ she picked up the cellp

11、hone after dinner to continue with the game, she started to feel that something was wrong with her right eye.解析 句意:她吃過晚飯拿起手機(jī)繼續(xù)玩游戲時(shí),開始覺得自己的右眼出了問題。根據(jù)句意可知,空處應(yīng)用When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,表示當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。故填When。2.表示一就的連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 連詞例句as soon asAs soon as he arrives, well start to work.他一到,我們就開始工作。the+名詞類:the momentthe instantt

12、he minutethe secondThe moment I saw him, I recognized him.我一看見他,就認(rèn)出了他。Well set out the minute you are ready.你一準(zhǔn)備好,我們就出發(fā)。immediately directlyDirectly he appeared there was dead silence.他一出現(xiàn)便一片沉寂。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.這個(gè)男孩一見到媽媽便放聲大哭。拓展延伸表示一就的其他結(jié)構(gòu)(1)hardly/scarcely.when

13、.和no sooner.than.注意:這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,when/than前的主句通常用過去完成時(shí),when/than引導(dǎo)的從句通常用一般過去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首時(shí),它們所在的主句要部分倒裝。I had hardly/scarcely got home(=Hardly/Scarcely had I got home) when it began to rain.我一到家,天就開始下雨了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我們剛到站火車就開了。(2)on+動(dòng)詞-ing和

14、on+one s+名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing和名詞在意義上相對應(yīng)時(shí),這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以互換。On his arrival(=On arriving) in Paris he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他剛到巴黎,就被認(rèn)出是位貴族并被投入監(jiān)獄。3.till, until和notuntil引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(肯定式)+until/till表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)到為止。We walked along the river until/till it was dark.我們沿著河散步,一直到天黑。(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(否定式)+until/

15、till表示直到才。He didn t know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告訴他,他才知道這件事。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is not untilthat。It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.直到教授來了,我們才開始做實(shí)驗(yàn)。特別提醒1.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告訴我,我才知道這件事。2.not until置于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝(從句不倒裝)。

16、Not until the film began did she arrive.直到電影開始她才到。 4 2021天津八校聯(lián)考,23According to the report, this virus was never known _ it was accidentally found by a doctor.解析 句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,這種病毒直到被一位醫(yī)生意外發(fā)現(xiàn)才為人所知。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語境可知,此處表示直到,故用till或until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。4.before 和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)詞義非常靈活。Please make sure you r

17、eturn the book before it s due.請確保在到期之前將書歸還。(在之前) Some time passed before we got used to each other.我們相處了 一段時(shí)間才習(xí)慣彼此。(到為止;到之前)Someone called me up in the midnight, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.有人半夜給我打電話,但我還沒來得及接就掛斷了。(還沒來得及就) 5 Think first _ you lose patience with someone you love.解析

18、 句意:在你對所愛之人失去耐心之前先想一想。結(jié)合語境可知,此處用連詞before(在之前)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故填before。(2)since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)表示自以來,從句一般表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)(謂語用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞),通常用一般過去時(shí);主句表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)情況,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.自大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來,他就在這座城市工作。特別提醒 since從句的用法since從句若用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,則表示主句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于從句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束,即表示不做某事。Three years has passed

19、since I smoked.我戒煙已經(jīng)三年了。(3)It+be+時(shí)間段+since/before句型(詳見代詞難點(diǎn)2it構(gòu)成的幾個(gè)易混淆的句型)5.by the time, each/every time, next time, the last time, any time, whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句Each/Every time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.每當(dāng)我處于困境,他就會(huì)來幫助我。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看見詹姆斯的時(shí)候,他正躺在床上

20、。知識2地點(diǎn)狀語從句1.地點(diǎn)狀語從句可用where, wherever等引導(dǎo)。從句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.他們正在水和陽光充足的地方植樹。Where there is smoke, there is fire.無火不生煙。/無風(fēng)不起浪。2.區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句與定語從句 where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí),其前沒有先行詞,從句用來說明主句謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn);where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),其前有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞,從句修飾先行詞。特別提醒wherever

21、/whenever既可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Wherever you go, I ll follow.不管你去哪兒,我都跟隨。(讓步狀語從句)You can go wherever you like.你可以想去哪兒就去哪兒。(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)知識3條件狀語從句1.if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if意為如果;unless(=if.not)意為如果不,除非。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,排球比賽將會(huì)推遲。I may not go there unless I can

22、 complete the project ahead of time.除非我能提前完成那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,否則我可能去不了那里。 6_we make good use of public transport, the environment will be better.解析 句意:如果我們好好利用公共交通,環(huán)境將會(huì)更好。根據(jù)語境可知這里表示如果,應(yīng)填連詞If。2.in case, on condition that, providing/provided(that), supposing(that)等引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。它們意思相近,意為如果/萬一, 假如,在條件下。In case there is

23、a fire, what will we do first?如果發(fā)生火災(zāi),我們首先做什么?Supposing(that)they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他們拒絕了我們,我們還能求助于誰? They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他們同意把車借給我們,條件是我們在周末前歸還。3.as long as (= so long as)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,意為只要,語氣強(qiáng)烈。I don t mind where

24、you go as long as you re back before midnight.只要你在午夜之前回來,我不介意你去哪里。4.if only(如果就好了)和only if (只有)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。if only引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣,時(shí)態(tài)要做相應(yīng)變化;當(dāng)only if置于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝。If only I had a dog,I wouldn t be so lonely.我要是有一條狗,就不會(huì)這么孤單了。Only if the teacher has given permission are students allowed to leave the classroom.

25、學(xué)生只有得到老師的許可才能離開教室。知識4讓步狀語從句1.although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。從句不能與but連用,若要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩部分的對比意義,可與yet或still連用。Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy.他雖然有很多錢,但并不幸福。 7_ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don t know.解析 句意:盡管科學(xué)家們對宇宙已經(jīng)了解頗多,但是我們?nèi)匀挥泻芏辔粗隆Ｓ删湟饪芍?

26、此處應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的詞。故填Though/Although/While。特別提醒while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但從句一般放在主句前面,用逗號隔開。While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但我還是能看到他的缺點(diǎn)。 2.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),從句必須倒裝。though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),從句可倒裝也可不倒裝,但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),把所強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于though之前,構(gòu)成倒裝。Young as/though he is, he can read and write

27、 in several foreign languages.雖然他很年輕,但是他能用好幾種外語讀和寫。Though he failed, he would never give up.盡管他失敗了,但他絕不會(huì)放棄。特別提醒a(bǔ)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),若從句是系表結(jié)構(gòu),且表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),名詞置于句首,其前不加冠詞。Child as he is, he has a good command of English.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但他精通英語。3.even though/even if(即使)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Even though/Even if the weather is awful, we

28、have to go there.即使天氣很差,我們也得去那里。4.疑問詞+-ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于no matter+相應(yīng)的疑問詞。He keeps taking exercise in winter no matter how(=however) cold it is.不管天氣有多冷,他都堅(jiān)持在冬天鍛煉。Whatever(=No matter what) we do, we should do our best.不管做什么工作,我們都應(yīng)盡全力。 【注意】疑問詞+-ever類的詞既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;no matter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whoeve

29、r breaks the law deserves a fine. 違反該法律者予以罰款。(Whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句,此時(shí)Whoever不可換為No matter who)5.whetheror(不管還是)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管她來這兒還是我們?nèi)ツ莾?討論的話題都會(huì)保持不變。 8 A pair of red shoes _ they are for sports, dances or just fashion is

30、a must-have for every Chinese womans shoe collection.解析 句意:一雙紅色的鞋子,不管是為了運(yùn)動(dòng)、跳舞,還是僅僅為了時(shí)尚,是每一位中國女性鞋子收藏中的必備品。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用whether.or.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,故填whether。知識5原因狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞主要有:because, as, since, now that。具體用法如下:He didnt attend classes yesterday because he was ill.因?yàn)樗×?所以他昨天沒有來上課。I cant go with yo

31、u, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去,因?yàn)槲矣泻芏喙ぷ饕?。連詞位置內(nèi)涵語氣能否回答why能否被強(qiáng)調(diào)because(因?yàn)?主句前或后直接因果關(guān)系強(qiáng)能能as(由于)主句前或后雙方都知道的原因 稍弱 不能 不能since/now that(既然)通常位于主句前 Now that/Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.既然大家都在這兒,我們可以開始討論了。 9 2021江蘇啟東期中,63At that time I hated music, just _ it was what they

32、wanted me to do.解析 句意:那時(shí)我討厭音樂,只是因?yàn)槟鞘撬麄兿胱屛易龅?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語境可知,此處表原因,應(yīng)用連詞because。2.when(既然), in that(因?yàn)?等也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分鐘就能到那里,你卻傻傻地乘出租車。It can be counted as a success in that it has built up substantial sales. 這可以算作一次成功之舉,因

33、為它使銷量大大增加了。知識6目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。1.so that與in order that表示為了,以便。其引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等連用。in order that引導(dǎo)的從句可以置于主句之前或之后,而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。 I am studying hard so that/in order that I can go to a famous university.為了能上一所名牌大學(xué),我正努力學(xué)習(xí)。In

34、 order that we could save time we used the computer.我們使用計(jì)算機(jī)是為了能節(jié)省時(shí)間。(In order that不可換用So that)2.for fear that 表示生怕/以免,in case表示以防。He worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss.他拼命干活以免被老板解雇。 You d better take the keys in case Im out.你最好帶上鑰匙,以防我不在家。知識7結(jié)果狀語從句so.that.和such.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,表示如

35、此以至于。1.結(jié)構(gòu)形式There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some.家里幾乎沒有食物了,我們只好出去買一些。Mike is such an honest worker (=so honest a worker) that we all believe him. 邁克是一個(gè)非常誠實(shí)的工人,我們都相信他。He made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher.他進(jìn)步非常快,老師表揚(yáng)了他。巧學(xué)妙記區(qū)別sothat和suchthat名前such,

36、形副so,that從句跟在后;little特小用such,四個(gè)多少要用so。特別提醒 當(dāng)so.或such.置于句首時(shí),主句要倒裝。So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.他走得非常快,我們無人能跟得上。2.so/suchthat與so/suchas的區(qū)別(1)so/suchthat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,that在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用。It is such a moving film that we all want to see it.這是一部非常感人的電影,我們都想看。 (2)在so/suchas中,as引導(dǎo)定語從句,as在

37、從句中作主語或賓語等。It is such a moving film as we all want to see.這是一部非常感人的、我們都想看的電影。 10 2020山東濟(jì)南針對性訓(xùn)練,37The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea _ they have developed an entire Tea Culture.解析 句意:中國人與茶的關(guān)系如此密切,以至于形成了完整的茶文化。此處用such.that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,故填that。知識8方式狀語從句1.as(照方式)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。They did as I had as

38、ked.他們是按照我的要求做的。 11 The house has been greatly damaged by the truck and wed better leave it _ it is until the police arrive.解析 句意:卡車已嚴(yán)重破壞了這座房子,我們最好讓它保持原樣直到警察到來。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,意為像一樣,leave it as it is意為讓它保持原樣。故填as。2.as if/as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn),也可用陳述語氣。He likes to talk big as if he w

39、ere an important person.他愛說大話,仿佛他是一位重要人物似的。(虛擬語氣)He walked as though he was drunk.他走起路來就像喝醉了一樣。(陳述語氣)知識9比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由asas, than, not soas等引導(dǎo)。詳見考點(diǎn)3形容詞和副詞的比較等級部分。 在時(shí)間、讓步、方式、地點(diǎn)、條件狀語從句中,為了使語言更加簡潔、生動(dòng),經(jīng)常使用省略形式。While (I was) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京時(shí),我參觀了頤和園。(時(shí)間狀語從句,連詞+介賓短語) 難點(diǎn) 狀語從句的省略Though (it is) cold, he still wore a shirt.雖然天氣冷,但他仍然穿一件襯衫。(讓步狀語從句,連詞+形容詞)He is running here and there as if (he is) looking for something lost.他在到處跑仿佛在尋找丟的什么東西一樣。(方式狀語從句,連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞)Put a comma where (it is) needed.在需要的地方加一個(gè)逗號。(地點(diǎn)狀語從句,連詞+過去分詞)Unless (it is)necessary, youd better not refer t