（語法復(fù)習(xí)參考）中考英語 動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)課件（考點(diǎn)大觀 名師精講 經(jīng)典真題 感悟中考）

1、動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)系列課件十一、動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞的分類 分類定義例詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是指具有完整意義，可以單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要表示主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和品質(zhì)。根據(jù)能否帶賓語，又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞borrow, enjoy, put, forget, worry, love, guess, use不及物動(dòng)詞arrive，come，go，run，walk，cry，swim，fall，happen連系動(dòng)詞連接主語和表示主語身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞稱為連系動(dòng)詞。be，seem，look，become，get，grow，feel，appear，turn分類定義例詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義

2、，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征。幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等。有人稱和數(shù)的變化。be(am, is, are)，do(does, did, done)，have(has, had)，shall，will 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示能力、義務(wù)、必要、猜測(cè)等，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 can，could，may，might，must，need，shall， should，will，would 動(dòng)詞短語常見以下六種類型：1. 動(dòng)詞+介詞，賓語位于介詞后。例如：look for; listen to

3、; talk about/with; think about2. 動(dòng)詞+副詞，代詞作賓語時(shí)須用“動(dòng)詞+代詞+副詞”形式；名詞作賓語可以在副詞前，也可在副詞后。例如：turn on/off/ up/down; pick up; call up; take out3. 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，賓語位于介詞后。例如：come up with; run out of; get on/along with4. 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞，賓語在介詞后；名詞前可以加形容詞限定。例如：take (good) care of; take pride in; pay (more) attention to5. 動(dòng)詞+名詞（后無

4、賓語）。例如：take place; lose heart6. be+形容詞+介詞，形容詞前可加程度副詞。如very等。例如：be proud of; be angry with; be interested in 考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 一、時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式+其他一般過去時(shí)主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他一般將來時(shí)主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語+be going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+am/is/are+v. -ing+其他過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+was/were+v. -ing+其他現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語+have/has+

5、過去分詞+其他中學(xué)階段見到的其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)主語+had+過去分詞+其他過去將來時(shí)主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語+was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他二、時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用及動(dòng)詞變化形式1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法用法例句表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與always，often，sometimes， every day等頻率副詞或時(shí)間狀語連用I often go to school at seven. 我經(jīng)常在七點(diǎn)鐘去上學(xué)。We visit Uncle Liu every month. 我們每月都

6、去看望劉叔叔。用法例句表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理The sun rises in the east. 太陽在東方升起。在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will leave. 如果明天不下雨我將離開。go，come，leave，arrive等瞬間動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示計(jì)劃、安排好的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作The train for Beijing leaves at 5: 30. 開往北京的火車5: 30離開?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，基本用法要熟悉。表示動(dòng)作常發(fā)生，特征性格和能力。存在狀態(tài)和習(xí)慣，客觀事實(shí)與真理。如果主語是單三，謂

7、語就要變一變。(2)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則規(guī)則舉例一般情況下直接加-sreadreads writewritesrunruns swimswims以-ch, -sh, -s, -x或-o結(jié)尾的詞加-esteachteaches washwashesgogoes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-es，但“元音字母+y”則直接加-strytries carrycarriesstudystudies staystaysplayplays saysays2. 一般過去時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)的用法表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常與yesterday, last year, in

8、 1976, a few months ago等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常與often, usually, seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用，但這種用法是以一個(gè)過去時(shí)間為前提的。例如：He often went to school by bus last term. 上學(xué)期他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。例如：He said he would not go if it rained. 他說如果下雨他就不去了。

9、(2)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則及讀音一般過去時(shí)常用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式有其特殊形式，要特別記憶。be動(dòng)詞的過去式為was/were。規(guī)則實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原形后加-d或-ed，其變化規(guī)律見下表：例詞規(guī)律總結(jié)讀音規(guī)則playplayed; helphelped一般直接加-ed清輔音后讀/t/，如 helped, laughed濁輔音，元音后讀/d/，如lived, stayed/t/和/d/后讀/Id/，如needed, startedmovemoved; useused以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的加-dstudystudied; carrycarried以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加

10、-edstopstopped; fitfitted; fixfixed以一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母(x除外)結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫結(jié)尾字母再加-ed(3)句式變換肯定式疑問式否定式I worked. Did I work?I did not work. He (She, It) worked.Did he (she, it) work?He (She, It) did not work. We (They, You) worked.Did we (they, you) work?We (They, You) did not work. 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法例句表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，

11、常見的時(shí)間狀語有now，at the moment等。如果句首有提示性動(dòng)詞look，listen等，主句也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)They are watching TV now. 他們現(xiàn)在正在看電視。Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 聽！鳥兒正在樹上唱歌。表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作She is working in a factory. 她正在一家工廠工作。用法例句表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如come，go，leave，arrive等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示最近即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Im coming. 我這就來。We are leaving tomorr

12、ow. 我們將明天離開?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，all the time等副詞或短語連用常表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情Alice is always thinking of others. 艾麗斯總是想著別人?，F(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律： 規(guī)律總結(jié)例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e再加-ingmakemakinghavehaving以一個(gè)單獨(dú)發(fā)音的元音字母 + 一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ingswimswimmingrunrunning以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加-inglielyingtietying不符合上述情況的直接加-ingplayplayingsingsinging

13、初中階段常見的需要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母變現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)詞有：shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer，babysit 4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成肯定句：S+was(were)+v. -ing+其他否定句：S+was(were)+not+v. -ing+其他一般疑問句：Was(Were)+S+v. -ing+其他用法表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語或時(shí)間狀語從句來表明）常用時(shí)間狀語at 9: 00 a. m. yesterday; at this time

14、last night；from seven to nine; when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句【溫馨提示】(1)在含有時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。例如：My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 在公園散步的時(shí)候，我的鋼筆掉到地上了。(2)表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)行，不考慮動(dòng)作的先后順序，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，連詞常用while。例如：The students were reading while the teacher w

15、as grading their homework. 學(xué)生們?cè)诳磿蠋熢谂乃麄兊募彝プ鳂I(yè)。5. 一般將來時(shí)（1）一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成：will +動(dòng)詞原形(主語是第一人稱時(shí)也可用shall +動(dòng)詞原形)be(am, is, are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形（2）一般將來時(shí)的用法：表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段時(shí)間等連用。例如：Ill start tomorrow. 我明天動(dòng)身?！癰e going to +動(dòng)詞原形”用于表示主觀上打算將來要做某事，這種打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要發(fā)生或

16、肯定要發(fā)生的事情。例如：She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她買了一些布，準(zhǔn)備為自己做一件連衣裙。【溫馨提示】一般將來時(shí)的其他表達(dá)方式(1)“be +doing”表示按計(jì)劃安排好的事情，常與少量表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，start，move，leave等連用Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我就要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本┝恕?2)在表示車、船、飛機(jī)等的進(jìn)出時(shí)間時(shí)，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來My plane will take off/takes off at 6:

17、 30 a. m. 我乘坐的飛機(jī)將在早上6: 30起飛。6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞have/has為助動(dòng)詞，無實(shí)際意義(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法表示說話之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，常與already，yet， in the past few years等時(shí)間狀語連用I have seen the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。（已知電影內(nèi)容）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與by now，so far，since/for等時(shí)間狀語連用I have studied in the school since

18、 2009. 自從2009年我就在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來描述一個(gè)從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞一定要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的時(shí)間狀語表示的是一段時(shí)間時(shí)，句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化對(duì)照表：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞borrow/lendkeepdiebe deadopenbe openclosebe closedbuyhavejoinbe in/a member ofleavebe away(from)finish/endbe overbegin/startbe onarrive/comebe here/ incatch

19、/get a cold have a coldmarrybe married(3)一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別區(qū)別例句一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純的敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去，與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間連用Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 兩年前湯姆住在北京。（不知道現(xiàn)在是否還住在北京）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作雖然是發(fā)生在過去，但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 湯姆住在北京兩年了。（現(xiàn)在湯姆仍然還在北京）7. 過去完成時(shí)(1)構(gòu)成：主語+had+過去分詞(2)用法：表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)

20、發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作（即“過去的過去”）。因此使用過去完成時(shí)必須以過去某一時(shí)間作為前提，通常用by, before短語或when, before, after, until等引導(dǎo)的從句來表示。例如：After the sun had set, we decided to return home. 太陽落山以后，我們決定回家。用于賓語從句，從句表示在主句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是誰讓門開著的。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別用法例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法相同，只是作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)間不同；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是以現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)刻作

21、衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而過去完成時(shí)是以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間作衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)He has travelled to most of the cities in China in the past five years. 五年來他已經(jīng)游遍了中國(guó)的大多數(shù)城市。When we got there, the football match had already started. 當(dāng)我們趕到那里時(shí)，足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了。8. 過去將來時(shí)(1)過去將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成：would + 動(dòng)詞原形should + 動(dòng)詞原形was/were + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形(2)過去將來時(shí)的用法：用法例句表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的

22、狀態(tài)；這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句或間接引語中；常用的時(shí)間狀語有two days later, the next week, the following day等Tom said he would come. 湯姆說他要來的。Linda said she was going to see her aunt. 琳達(dá)說她打算去看她的姑媽。Mr Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend. 格林先生告訴我們周末我們要辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)?！緶剀疤崾尽吭谟蒳f引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，主句是過去將來時(shí)，if從句只能用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。例如：

23、They said that they would go fishing if it didnt rain the next day. 他們說如果第二天不下雨，他們就去釣魚。【巧學(xué)妙記】 should, would加原形，“過去將來”就構(gòu)成。過去將來不獨(dú)立，經(jīng)常用于“賓從句”。過去認(rèn)為將發(fā)生，過去將來時(shí)態(tài)用。過去將來不單行，只可用于從句中。9. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)構(gòu)成：have/ has been +v. -ing(2)用法：表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在該動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行，常和for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We have been learning E

24、nglish for 5 years. 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語。(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表完成的概念，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。例如：Ive read your book. 我讀過你的書。（書讀完了）Ive been reading your book. 我一直在讀你的書。（書未讀完）許多非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來代替。例如：I have known him for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)三年了。. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. （2012無錫中考）Im sorry that I didnt answer your phone.

25、I _ (listen) to music and didnt hear the ring. 2. （2012濱州中考）Mr. Liu isnt here now. He _ (go) to Beijing. 答案：1. was listening 2. has gone 3. （2011崇左中考）My mother often _ (enjoy) the TV plays in the evening. 4. （2011濱州中考）We know each other well because we _ (be) friends since ten years ago. 5. （2011梧州中

26、考）I _ (visit) my aunt on the farm last weekend. 答案：3. enjoys 4. have been 5. visited . 單項(xiàng)選擇1. (2012恩施中考)I called you last night, but you didnt answer it. Im terribly sorry. I _ a meeting at that time. A. had B. was having C. am having【解析】選B。由at that time可知過去打 這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候開會(huì)這一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，故選B。2. （2011廣東中考）Thi

27、s silk dress _ so smooth. Its made in China. A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. tastes【解析】選A。句意：這件絲綢的衣服摸起來這么光滑。它是中國(guó)制造的。feel“摸起來”；smell“聞起來”; sound“聽起來”; taste“嘗起來”。故選A。3. （2012孝感中考）Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him. You cant find him. He _ Hong Kong. A. will go to B. would go to

28、C. has gone to D. has been to【解析】選C。由“你找不到他?！笨芍ハ愀哿耍€沒回來，故選C。4. （2011長(zhǎng)沙中考）Have you ever been to Shanghai? Yes. I _ there a few months ago. A. have been B. wentC. have gone 【解析】選B。由時(shí)間狀語a few months ago“幾個(gè)月前”可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故答案為B。5. （2011臨沂中考）Chen Guangbiao says he _ all his money to charities when he die

29、s. A. leaves B. leftC. will leave D. would leave【解析】選C。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句多用將來時(shí)。6. （2011眉山中考）There _ an English party in our school tomorrow evening. A. have B. will haveC. is going to have D. will be【解析】選D。由時(shí)間狀語tomorrow evening可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)，there be結(jié)構(gòu)的將來時(shí)為there will be/there is going to be。故選D。7. （

30、2012遵義中考）Hello, may I speak to Zhang Jun? Oh, sorry! He _ to Guiyang. A. has been B. has gone C. went【解析】選B。由句意可知張軍去貴陽還沒回來，故用has gone to。8. （2011重慶中考）I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! A. left B. went away fromC. have left D. have been away from【解析】選D。根據(jù)句意“我離開家鄉(xiāng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。我真的想念它！”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除A與B。由時(shí)間狀語“for a long time”可知，此處應(yīng)該使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，排除C。故選D。9. （2012隨州中考）There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now, but now there _ nothing on it. A. have; has B. were; wasC. were; is D. has; has【解析】選B。there be結(jié)構(gòu)謂語動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞。由just now可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí), 由now可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。10. （2011河南中考）I called y