英語文體、閱讀與解題1

1、英語文體、閱讀與解題高考英語閱讀理解解題指導之一 為什么要重視文體的訓練？ * * 體裁多樣題材廣泛各有側(cè)重1 理解主旨和要義 2 理解文中具體信息3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4 作出簡單判斷和推理5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6 理解作者的意圖觀點和態(tài)度高考英語閱讀考什么？學生閱讀中存在的障礙有哪些？ 難以把握全文，把握不住文章重點，閱讀速度較慢， 高考英語閱讀考查重點可以歸結(jié)為：考查考生超越文章具體語句總領全文的能力，即考查考生能否站在與作者同樣的高度，與作者對話并產(chǎn)生共鳴。 1. 把握主旨大意的能力。包括擬定文章標題、概括中心思想和段落大意的能力。 2. 把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。 3. 推理判斷的能

2、力。包括推斷上下文、推斷隱含意義、推斷作者意圖及態(tài)度等能力。詞義及語句推斷也并非與全文毫無關聯(lián)。 4. 細節(jié)理解能力。而細節(jié)常常不是孤立的，是為全文中心服務的。 以上各種題型的解題方法因文章體裁的不同而有所不同?？忌鷳斒煜じ呖汲Ｒ娢恼麦w裁，提升總領全文、把握文章重點的能力。閱讀理解的解題步驟 1.通讀全文。按照不同體裁的特點，標注重要信息。如在閱讀議論文時，初讀就應標注作者主要觀點、論據(jù)以及結(jié)論。 2.審讀題干。了解每道題的考查方向，是考查主旨大意、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、細節(jié)理解還是推理判斷。 3.回讀原文。借助初讀時所做的標注，確保每道題的正確選項皆有出處。應用文體裁的廣告、公告類文章，因多考查細節(jié)題

3、，可以直接帶著問題到文中查找信息。但必須保證答案在文中有出處。 記敘文記敘文六要素：who, what, where, when, why, how記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：beginning - developing - climax - ending記敘文閱讀與解題的關鍵：人物或事件的發(fā)展高考常見記敘文包括：故事、消息、傳記故事故事類記敘文分為寫人與記事兩類。閱讀該類文章應該緊緊抓住人物或事件發(fā)展這條主線。作者通過描寫人物的思想感情及其轉(zhuǎn)變或事件的發(fā)展變化體現(xiàn)故事的主題；故事情節(jié)圍繞人物或事件發(fā)展而安排并且為主題服務；推理判斷也往往離不開對故事的整體把握。初讀時標注開頭、標志轉(zhuǎn)折的細節(jié)和結(jié)局。 W

4、hen I was in the third grade, I was picked to be the princess(公主)in the school play. For weeks my mother had helped me practice my lines. But once onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Then my teacher told me she had written a narrators(解說者的) part for the play, and asked me to change roles.

5、Though I didnt tell my mother what had happened that day, she sensed my unhappiness and asked if I wanted to take a walk in the yard.It was a lovely spring day .We could see dandelions(蒲公英)popping through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with bits of gold. I watched my

6、 mother carelessly bend down by one of the bunches. “I think I am going to dig up all theseweeds,” she said. “From now on, well have only roses in this garden.” “But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautifuleven dandelions!” My mother looked at me seriously. “ Yes, every flower giv

7、es pleasure in its own way, doesnt it?” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded. “And that is true of people, too,” she added. When I realized that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry and told her the truth. “But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said, reminding me of how much I loved to read st

8、ories aloud to her. Over the next few weeks, with her continuous encouragement, I learned to take pride in the role. The big day finally came. A few minutes before the play, my teacher came over to me. “Your mother asked me to give this to you,” she said, handing me a dandelion. After the play, I to

9、ok home the flower, laughing that I was perhaps the only person who would keep such a weed.57Why did the mother suggest a walk in the garden? ATo remove the dandelions BTo enjoy the garden scene. CTo have a talk with her daughter. DTo help her daughter with the play.58What is the main idea of the st

10、ory? AEverybody can find his or her own way to success. BEverybody has his or her own value in the world. CEverybody should learn to play different roles. DEverybody has some unforgettable memory. Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going wellshe had a great j

11、ob, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work.“The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through,” she said.“After everything Id done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was s

12、o angry and I just didnt feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life.”Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in northwest Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend awe

13、ekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm. “The moment I arrived at Kathys farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay,” said Zoe.“Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless.”Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she ha

14、s no regrets.“Its a hard life, physically very tiring,” she says.“In London I was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all I need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathys wonderful dinners.” Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm.

15、 Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has beenteaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambingwatching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, “Its one of the most moving experiences Ive ever had. I could never go

16、 back to city life now.” 69.The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathys farm is that .A. Zoe lost her job as a PR consultantB. Kathy persuaded her to do soC. Zoe got tired of the city lifeD. Zoe loved Wales more than London70.How does Zoe feel about the country life according to the passa

17、ge? A. Tiresome and troublesome. B. Romantic and peaceful. C. Mentally exhausting but healthy. D. Physically tiring but rewarding.71.Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage? A. A friend in need is a friend indeed. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. A misfortune ma

18、y turn out a blessing. D. Kill two birds with one stone.消息 新聞報道也分寫人敘事兩類，除了具備記敘文一般要素，遵循記敘文“發(fā)生-發(fā)展-結(jié)局”的行文脈絡外，還具有其獨特的結(jié)構(gòu)：標題-導語-正文-結(jié)語。在閱讀中要特別注意首段，因為消息的首段往往就是其主旨大意之所在。 Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying.

19、But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童話). The first envelop was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zei

20、tung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous (匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000,then arrived at a kindergarten and a church. The envelops keep coming, and so far atleast 190,000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to t

21、he newspapers own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14-year-old boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article. The name of the fa

22、mily was underlined. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Money Is Raised by the Newspaper B. Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy C. Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes D. Robin Hood Returns to the City傳記 與消息一樣，人物傳記也有自己獨特的風格。其常常包含以下要素：life-story - achievements - influence or the

23、writers comment. 常按時間順序組織全文。閱讀時注意標注年份，生平中的重要事件（如婚姻、家庭、教育、經(jīng)歷，等）、重大成就（包括對其成就的取得有重大影響的人或事）及其地位或影響。 Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames. Some people called him Bagamo. They said his mouth looked like a large bag. Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world o

24、f music. Born in 1901 in New Orleans, he grew up poor, but lived among great musicians. Jazz was invented in the city a few years before his birth. Armstrong often said, “Jazz and I grew up together.” Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短號) at a boys home

25、. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the MississippiRiver. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicia

26、ns and soon became respected as their equal. In 1922 he went to Chicago. There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins. From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went. Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song. His cornet playing h

27、ad a deep humanity (人性) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.”He was the father of the jazz style and also one of the best-knownand most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6,1971, was headline news around the world.41.Armstro

28、ng was called Pops because he _. . A. looked like a musician B. was a musician of much influence C. showed an interest in music D. traveled to play modern music42.The third paragraph is developed . A. by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparisonfamily: poorexperience: learned, moved, played,

29、traveledpeople influencing him: great musiciansachievements: equal to, father; no equal, celebrated, admiredinfluence: on the world of music43.Which statement about Armstrong is true? A. His tale begins in New Orleans. B. He was born before jazz was invented. C. His music was popular with his listen

30、ers. D. He learned popular music at a boys home.44.Which would be the best title for the text? A. The Invention of the Jazz Music B. The Father of the Jazz Style C. The Making of a Musician D. The Spread of Popular Music She is a British athlete by the name of Tinny Grey-Thompson. Born with spinal b

31、ifida（脊椎裂）which left her paralyzed from the waist down, Tinny used a wheelchair from the age of 7.At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Ev

32、entually she found athletics, and never looked back. Indeed, Tinnys athletic career took off. In 1984,when she was 15,she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100 meters at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympics Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 met

33、ers.Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tinny won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 meters relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories. Tinnys enduring success has been part motivation(動機），part preparation.“The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑運動員）,enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I went to race