unit4-grammar-定語從句

1、Attributive clause一兩個基本概念1. 什么是定語？He is a tall boy.This is the boy learning English well.This is the girl sent to the hospital that day.I have chance to travel around the world.The books on the shelf belong to her.定語是英語句子中的修飾成分，用來修飾名詞或代詞；常見的表現(xiàn)形式有：形容詞、分詞或分詞短語、不定式及介詞短語等。2. 什么是從句？ He asked why Tom had

2、been late.He will go to Beijing if it is fine tomorrow.The man that I saw yesterday is our headmaster.復(fù)雜句子中，一個或幾個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主句的某一成分或充當(dāng)某一詞組的一個部分，稱為從句。賓語從句條件狀語從句定語從句復(fù)雜句子中，一個或幾個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主句的定語成分或充當(dāng)某一詞組的定語部分，稱為定語從句。二兩個術(shù)語e.g The boy who broke the window is called Roy. 1. 先行詞：2. 關(guān)系詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞為先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞

3、。e.g A plane is a machine that can fly.Grammar: 定語從句定語從句兩個術(shù)語先行詞（定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞為先行詞。）關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞When(時間)、 why(原因)、where（地點）that（指人又指物）which (指物)who /whom (指人)whose(用于物或人的所有格)三. 定語從句之結(jié)構(gòu)特征The man who sells vegetables lives next to us.（1）定語從句通常位于其所修飾的名詞或代詞，即先行詞后；（2）定語從句與主句間用關(guān)系詞連接，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)某一成分。從句關(guān)

4、系代詞先行詞1. The man sells vegetables. （主句） The man lives next to us.（從句）The man who / that lives next to us sells vegetables.2. The man sells vegetables. （從句） The man lives next to us. （主句）The man who / that sells vegetables lives next to us.四.練習(xí)主句：1. The boy is called Tom.2. Do you know the girl?3. Do

5、 you know the boy?4. I want to talk to the boys. 從句：1. He broke the widows. 2. I gave her a book on my way home. 3. I shook hands with him just now. 4. Their work hasnt been handed in. 注：that（指人又指物）which (指物) who /whom (指人) whose(用于物或人的所有)主句： 5. He prefers the cheese. 6. The eggs were not fresh. 7.

6、The pen is on the desk. 8. I have a beautiful carpet. 從句：5. It comes from his parents farm.6. I bought them yesterday. 7. I used to write with the pen. 8. The colour of the carpet is red. 1.1 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.1.2 The man that lives next to us sells vegetables.2.1 Do you

7、know the girl whom I gave a book my way home?2.2 Do you know the girl that I gave a book on my way home?2.3 Do you know the girl -I gave a book on my way home?2.4 Do you know the girl who I gave a book on my way home?3.1 Do you know the boy whom I shook hands with just now?3.2 Do you know the boy wi

8、th whom I shook hands just now?3.3 Do you know the boy that I shook hands with just now?3.4 Do you know the boy -I shook hands with just now?3.5 Do you know the boy who I shook hands with just now? 4. I want to talk to the boys whose work hasnt been handed in.5.1 He prefers the cheese which comes fr

9、om his parents farm.5.2 He prefers the cheese that comes from his parents farm.6.1 The eggs were not fresh which I bought yesterday.6.2 The eggs were not fresh that I bought yesterday.6.3 The eggs were not fresh - I bought yesterday.7.1 The pen which I used to write with is on the desk.7.2 The pen w

10、ith which I used to write is on the desk.7.3 The pen that I used to write with is on the desk.7.4 The pen - I used to write with is on the desk.8.1 I have a beautiful carpet the colour of which is red.8.2 I have a beautiful carpet of which the colour is red.8.3 I have a beautiful carpet whose colour

11、 is red.Summary1：關(guān)系代詞有哪些？它們的作用與用法是怎樣的？2：什么情況下，關(guān)系代詞可省略？通過分析第1，2，3，4組句子的答案，我們可以看出，當(dāng)先行詞為“人”時，我們可以使用的關(guān)系代詞為who/whom/that/whose; 我們并不使用which.當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語時，應(yīng)該使用who/that, 不能省略關(guān)系代詞；當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)動詞賓語時，應(yīng)該使用whom/that/who,可以省略關(guān)系代詞; 當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語時，應(yīng)該使用whom/that/who,當(dāng)介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時，只能使用whom，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，當(dāng)介詞位于從句中時，只

12、能使用whom/that/who，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語時，應(yīng)該使用whose, 不能省略關(guān)系代詞。通過分析第5，6，7，8組句子的答案，我們可以看出，當(dāng)先行詞為“物”時，我們可以使用的關(guān)系代詞為which/that/whose; 我們并不使用who/whom.當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語時，應(yīng)該使用which/that, 不能省略關(guān)系代詞；當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)動詞賓語時，應(yīng)該使用which/that,可以省略關(guān)系代詞; 當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語時，應(yīng)該使用which/that,當(dāng)介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時，只能使用which，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，當(dāng)介詞位于從句中時，只能使用which/that，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。當(dāng)需要關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語時，應(yīng)該使用the+名詞+of+which/whose, 不能省略關(guān)系代詞。思考題1：兩大組句子中 先行詞分為兩類： 一類為“人”； 一類為“物（含動物）”；思考題2：當(dāng)先行詞為“人”時，我們可以使用的關(guān)系代詞為who/whom/that/whose; 我們并不使用whi