組織行為學(xué)英文版(第13版)ch03

1、Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3-1Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction3-2Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, you should be able to:Contrast the three components of an attitude.Summarize the relatio

2、nship between attitudes and behavior.Compare and contrast the major job attitudes.Define job satisfaction and show how we can measure it.Summarize the main causes of job satisfaction.Identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction.3-3Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Contrast the Three Comp

3、onents of an Attitude Attitudes are evaluative statements either favorable or unfavorable about objects, people, or events. They reflect how we feel about something.LO 13-4Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Contrast the Three Components of an AttitudeLO 13-5Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

4、 Summarize the Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior Early research: the attitudes that people hold determine what they do.Festinger proposed that cases of attitude following behavior illustrate the effects of cognitive dissonance.Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility an individual might

5、 perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.Research has generally concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes and their behavior. LO 23-6Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Summarize the Relationship Between Attitudes and

6、 Behavior AttitudepredictsBehaviorMitigating VariablesLO 23-7Moderating Variables:Importance of the attitudeIts correspondence to behaviorIts accessibilityThe presence of social pressuresWhether a person has direct experience with the attitude The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much

7、stronger if an attitude refers to something with which we have direct personal experience. Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Job SatisfactionA positive feeling about the job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.Job InvolvementDegree of psychological identification with the job wh

8、ere perceived performance is important to self-worth.Psychological EmpowermentBelief in the degree of influence over ones job, competence, job meaningfulness, and autonomy.LO 33-8Compare and Contrast the Major Job AttitudesCopyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Organizational CommitmentIdentifying w

9、ith a particular organization and its goals and wishing to maintain membership in the organization.Theoretical models propose that employees who are committed will be less likely to engage in work withdrawal even if they are dissatisfied, because they have a sense of organizational loyalty. LO 33-9C

10、ompare and Contrast the Major Job AttitudesCopyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Perceived Organizational Support (POS)Degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.Higher when rewards are fair, employees are involved in decision makin

11、g, and supervisors are seen as supportive.High POS is related to higher OCBs and performance.LO 33-10Compare and Contrast the Major Job AttitudesCopyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Compare and Contrast the Major Job AttitudesEmployee EngagementThe degree of involvement with, satisfaction with, an

12、d enthusiasm for the job.Engaged employees are passionate about their work and company.LO 33-11Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Compare and Contrast the Major Job AttitudesAre these job attitudes really all that distinct?No, these attitudes are highly related; and while there is some distincti

13、on, there is also a lot of overlap that may cause confusion.Recent research identifies employees as beingEnthusiastic stayersReluctant stayersEnthusiastic leaversReluctant leavers LO 33-12Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Define Job Satisfaction and Show How It Can Be Measured LO 43-13Copyright

14、 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Define Job Satisfaction and Show How It Can Be Measured Job SatisfactionA positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.Two approaches for measuring job satisfaction are popularThe single global rating. The summation of job facets.LO 4

15、3-14Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Define Job Satisfaction and Show How It Can Be Measured LO 43-15 How satisfied are people in their jobs? Over the last 30 years, employees in the U.S. and most developed countries have generally been satisfied with their jobs. With the recent economic downt

16、urn, more workers are less satisfied. Satisfaction levels differ depending on the facet involved. Employees in Western cultures have higher levels of job satisfaction as compared to employees in Eastern cultures. Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Define Job Satisfaction and Show How It Can Be M

17、easured LO 43-16Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Define Job Satisfaction and Show How It Can Be Measured LO 43-17Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Summarize the Main Causes of Job SatisfactionWhat causes job satisfaction?Research shows that job satisfaction is correlated with life satisfa

18、ction.Pay influences job satisfaction only to a point.Personality also plays a role in job satisfaction.People who have positive core self-evaluations, who believe in their inner worth and basic competence, are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. LO 53-18Co

19、pyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Summarize the Main Causes of Job SatisfactionLO 53-19Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Identify Four Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction LO 63-20Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Identify Four Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction More specific outcom

20、es of job satisfaction include: Job Satisfaction and Job Performance Happy workers are more likely to be productive workers. Job Satisfaction and OCB People who are more satisfied with their jobs are more likely to engage in OCB. Job Satisfaction and Customer SatisfactionSatisfied employees increase

21、 customer satisfaction and loyalty. Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism There is a consistent negative relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism, but it is moderate to weak.LO 63-21Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Identify Four Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction Job Satisfaction and Tu

22、rnover A pattern of lowered job satisfaction is a predictor of possible intent to leave. Job Satisfaction and Workplace Deviance If employees dont like their work environment, theyll respond somehow. Managers Often “Dont Get It” Many managers are unconcerned about employee job satisfaction. Others o

23、verestimate how satisfied employees are with their jobs, so they dont think theres a problem when there is one. LO 63-22Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Implications for ManagersPay attention to your employees job satisfaction levels as determinants of their performance, turnover, absenteeism, and withdrawal behaviors.Measure employee job attitude