高二英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法

1、subjunctive moodGrammar1.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣， 陳述語(yǔ)氣，陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2.2. 定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)不是事實(shí)，或者是或者是不可能發(fā)生不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小可能性比較小的的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free, I will visit you. If I were a bir

2、d, I would fly into the sky. （虛擬條件句虛擬條件句） (真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句）What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）If I won the lottery, I would buy a villa.（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）If he had got up early, he would not have been

3、late for school.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）如果他早起，他就不會(huì)上學(xué)遲到。如果他早起，他就不會(huì)上學(xué)遲到。If he _ （drive) more carefully, he _ (not have) the car accident yesterday.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）had driven would not have had If I _ (learn ) how to swim,I _ (be) trapped in this island.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）had learntwould not have been假如他來(lái)了假

4、如他來(lái)了, 我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看見(jiàn)我假如他看見(jiàn)我, 就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。If he should see me, he would know me.一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)時(shí) 間間 If If 條件句條件句主主 句句過(guò)去過(guò)去現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 將來(lái)將來(lái)一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)時(shí) 間間 If If 條件句條件句主主 句句過(guò)去過(guò)去had donewould should +have done sthcouldmight現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)

5、詞助動(dòng)詞 be用用 were 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do 用用 did would should + do sthcouldmight將來(lái)將來(lái)did / were should dowere to dowould should + do sthcouldMight1.If I were you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain h

6、ad been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _me tomorrow, I would let him know A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able BCA二二. 名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1.賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：兩個(gè)

7、命令：order, command 三條建議：三條建議：advise, suggest, propose四項(xiàng)要求：四項(xiàng)要求：demand , require, request, ask 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用使用should + should + 動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形，或者將形，或者將shouldshould省略。省略。1.1.我們建議我們建議Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。2.他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。3.國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。4.他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?/p>

8、他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?.We suggested that Tom2.He insisted that I present.4.They requested that we3.The king ordered that the prisoners should have a rest.(should) beShould be killedthe next day.should send themto work there. 2、以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）也要使用括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）也要使

9、用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desiredemand, request, desire Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemic

10、al factory should be closed down.三、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；三、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；1）wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí) (did/were)過(guò)去完成時(shí) (had done)would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (過(guò)去過(guò)去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未來(lái)未來(lái))I wish I _a bird.wereI

11、wish every day _my birthday.wereI wish/wished I _( not eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eaten2）would rather that -現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：未來(lái)： I would rather you _(pay) me now. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I would rather you _ (go) there yesterday. (過(guò)去過(guò)去) Dont come. I would rather you _(come) tomorrow. (未來(lái)未來(lái))過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)paid me had g

12、onecame3） as if /though + 從句從句現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring.4).Its （high） time +that -should +V.過(guò)去時(shí)你該走了。我們?cè)撍X(jué)了。Its high time that you .Its high time that you .Its time that we .Its time th

13、at we to bed. wentshould gowent to bedshould go5）If only (要是要是就好了就好了) If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!6）Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important a pity+ t