天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)

1、燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)威斯特（北京）機(jī)械設(shè)備有限公司2009年9月2日概要 柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)VS燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) G3500/G3600基本原理 G3600操作保養(yǎng) 卡特彼勒NGEO&NGEC介紹柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) vs. 燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)DIESELGAS 柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) vs. 燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)n4-stroke Diesel cycle四沖程德塞爾循環(huán) (compression ignition壓燃)進(jìn)氣沖程將新鮮空氣吸入氣缸壓縮沖程壓縮氣缸內(nèi)空氣，并使氣缸內(nèi)溫度升高超過燃油的燃點(diǎn)溫度；燃油在適當(dāng)時(shí)候噴如氣缸并立即燃燒氣缸內(nèi)燃油與空氣充分混合燃燒，體積膨脹，推動(dòng)活塞下行

2、，完成做功沖程排氣沖程將廢氣排除氣缸 柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) vs. 燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)n4-stroke Otto cycle 四沖程奧托循環(huán)(spark ignition點(diǎn)燃)進(jìn)氣沖程即將燃料和空氣混合，吸入氣缸壓縮沖程壓縮氣缸內(nèi)混合氣體，并提升溫度 (低于燃料燃點(diǎn)溫度)接近上止點(diǎn)時(shí)，由火花塞點(diǎn)燃點(diǎn)燃混合氣體混合氣體膨脹燃燒，推動(dòng)活塞下行，完成做功沖程排氣沖程將廢氣排出 柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) vs. 燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)nDiesel engine demands structural柴油機(jī)受結(jié)構(gòu)限制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)必須堅(jiān)固以承受高氣缸壓力燃油噴射系統(tǒng)需具備:l提供很高的噴射壓力l精確計(jì)量噴

3、有量l在恰當(dāng)時(shí)刻噴入燃油 (點(diǎn)火時(shí)間 = 噴射時(shí)間)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) vs. 燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)nSpark-ignited engine demands thermal點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)受熱力（溫度）限制混合氣的壓縮溫度必須受控以避免爆燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相關(guān)部件必須能夠承受很高的排氣溫度火花塞點(diǎn)燃系統(tǒng)需具備:l產(chǎn)生足夠高的點(diǎn)火電壓l在恰當(dāng)時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生電火花 (ignition timing = spark timing)Cylinder Pressure缸內(nèi)壓力比較缸內(nèi)壓力比較LOAD負(fù)荷負(fù)荷DIESEL PEAK CYLINDERPRESSURE LIMITGAS ENGINEDIESEL ENGINE

4、CYLINDER PRESSURE缸內(nèi)壓力缸內(nèi)壓力PREIGNITION,DETONATION Cylinder Pressure 缸壓缸壓nDiesel柴油機(jī)受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)限制；相同排量的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，缸壓越高，功率輸出也越多nGas燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)受制于燃料的燃點(diǎn)溫度；氣缸內(nèi)的壓縮比不能太高，限制了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的功率輸出Operating TemperatureGAS OPERATION RANGEDIESEL OPERATION RANGEGAS ENGINEDIESEL ENGINE排氣溫度排氣溫度負(fù)荷空燃比相應(yīng)的燃燒溫度 排氣溫度排氣溫度nDiesel柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣溫度相對(duì)較低。過量的空氣使燃燒更加充分

5、致使排氣溫度較低 nGas燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣溫度高。氣缸內(nèi)的混合氣空燃比必須嚴(yán)格控制以保證電火花能夠迅速點(diǎn)燃Turbo Boost 增壓壓力增壓壓力GAS ENGINEDIESEL ENGINETURBO SPEED LIMIT增壓器速度限制WASTEGATEOPENING氣流（負(fù)荷） 增壓壓力增壓器轉(zhuǎn)速渦輪增壓渦輪增壓nDiesel燃油直噴在較寬的范圍內(nèi)均能提供快速的負(fù)荷響應(yīng)； 增壓壓力受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和增壓器轉(zhuǎn)速nGas較長的燃料通道限制了負(fù)荷相應(yīng)速度；廢氣門結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化了增壓器對(duì)“增壓過量”的響應(yīng)速度，但是卻限制了增壓器效率Ignition Timing點(diǎn)火正時(shí)點(diǎn)火正時(shí)TDC曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角缸內(nèi)壓力 Ign

6、ition Timing 點(diǎn)火正時(shí)點(diǎn)火正時(shí)nDiesel柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由燃油的噴射時(shí)刻決定；壓力升高不能超過發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)限制nGas燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由火花塞的點(diǎn)火時(shí)刻確定； 點(diǎn)火提前角對(duì)控制爆燃起到非常關(guān)鍵的作用Normal Combustion正常燃燒過程 Normal Combustion正常燃燒過程正常燃燒過程n電火花點(diǎn)燃?jí)嚎s可燃混合氣n燃燒從火焰內(nèi)核向外緣延伸，擴(kuò)展到整個(gè)燃燒室n燃燒氣體的火焰前鋒不斷推進(jìn)，壓縮“未燃?xì)怏w”并推動(dòng)活塞下行Detonation爆震爆震 Detonation爆震燃燒爆震燃燒nOne or more controlling parameters exceeds nece

7、ssary limits:一個(gè)或多個(gè)控制參數(shù)超出限制cylinder pressure/temperature缸內(nèi)壓力/溫度ignition timing點(diǎn)火時(shí)間rate of fuel burning燃燒速率nEnd gas reaches critical temperature before being ignited by flame front; secondary combustion causes rapid local pressure/ temperature rise在火焰前鋒到達(dá)之前，未燃?xì)怏w達(dá)到臨界著火溫度發(fā)生自燃，第二點(diǎn)的燃燒導(dǎo)致溫度和壓力的極劇升高。 Factors

8、 Influencing Detonation影響爆震的因素影響爆震的因素nCompression ratio壓縮比風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：過度壓縮會(huì)使氣缸內(nèi)溫度升高而超過可燃混合氣體燃點(diǎn)控制： l設(shè)計(jì) 壓縮比的選擇必須適合期望的燃燒特性 Factors Influencing Detonation影響爆震的因素影響爆震的因素nInlet temperature/pressure進(jìn)氣溫度/壓力風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：過高的進(jìn)氣初始溫度和壓力將會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓縮混合氣的溫度超過其燃點(diǎn)溫度 控制： l設(shè)計(jì)- 中冷器控制進(jìn)氣溫度；廢氣門控制增壓壓力 l應(yīng)用 中冷器散熱水箱必須足夠大；廢氣門必須調(diào)教適當(dāng) Factors Influencing

9、Detonation影響爆震的因素影響爆震的因素nIgnition timing點(diǎn)火正時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：點(diǎn)火正時(shí)提前過多導(dǎo)致過早燃燒，氣缸壓力升高過快引起爆震控制措施：l應(yīng)用 基于燃料特性和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷，安裝時(shí)正確調(diào)定點(diǎn)火正時(shí) Factors Influencing Detonation影響爆震的因素影響爆震的因素nLoad負(fù)荷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)： 負(fù)荷過高將影響燃燒氣體對(duì)活塞的推動(dòng)能力，廢氣壓力過高而引起爆震控制：l應(yīng)用- 必須事先分析現(xiàn)場(chǎng)燃?xì)鈪?shù)，確保所售發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能夠達(dá)到其功率等級(jí) Factors Influencing Detonation影響爆震的因素影響爆震的因素nAir/fuel ratio空燃比風(fēng)險(xiǎn)： 混合

10、氣越濃，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)生爆燃的可能性越大控制：l設(shè)計(jì) - AFRC 允許發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以因外界條件的變化而調(diào)整混合氣的濃度l應(yīng)用 根據(jù)負(fù)荷范圍選擇相應(yīng)功率等級(jí)和類型的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) (富氧燃燒、化學(xué)當(dāng)量燃燒、稀薄燃燒) Factors Influencing Detonation影響爆震的因素影響爆震的因素nFuel characteristics燃?xì)庑再|(zhì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：重?zé)N（大分子碳?xì)浠衔铮┤細(xì)獾娜紵俣缺燃淄楦?，壓力升高也?huì)更快，容易引起爆震 控制：l應(yīng)用 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壓縮比以及空燃比、正時(shí)等參數(shù)必須適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)燃?xì)獾念愋秃托阅蹽3500/G3600 基本原理基本原理燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒特性 CH4 + 2O2 = 2H2O +

11、CO2 1M3 2M3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下氧在空氣中的容積百分比為21% 可計(jì)算出燃燒1M3甲烷所需的空氣量， 2 M3 0.21=9.52 M3 空氣空燃比 化學(xué)理論空燃比理論所需空氣量/燃燒單位可燃?xì)?實(shí)際空燃比實(shí)際供給空氣量/供給燃料量 過量空氣系數(shù)實(shí)際供給空氣量/理論所需空氣量空燃比燃燒燃燒 當(dāng)量燃燒當(dāng)量燃燒 (Stoichiometry) CH4 + 2O2 = 2H2O + CO2 富氧燃燒富氧燃燒(Rich Burn) - 排氧量: 2% - 氮氧化合物排放高(12-20 g/bhp-hr) 稀薄燃燒稀薄燃燒(Lean Burn) -排氧量:612% - 氮氧化合物排放低(2 g/bhp

12、-hr ) 判斷氣體可燃性的指標(biāo) 辛烷值辛烷值 從汽油機(jī)演變而來 燃?xì)飧鹘M分的容積百分比 X 該組分的辛烷值當(dāng)量 缺點(diǎn)：1）未計(jì)入惰性氣體的影響 2）線性關(guān)系不準(zhǔn)確 甲烷值（甲烷值（1980年后采用）年后采用） 以兩種參考?xì)怏w的甲烷值為基準(zhǔn)： 甲烷：抗爆性最佳，定義為MN100 氫氣：抗爆性最差，定義為MN0 未知燃?xì)獾腗N（抗爆性）先是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上作對(duì)比試驗(yàn)，以后發(fā)展可查圖表或理論計(jì)算影響燃燒的因素影響燃燒的因素項(xiàng)目項(xiàng)目趨勢(shì)趨勢(shì)影響影響壓縮比增大促成爆燃混合氣濃度加濃促成爆燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)載增大促成爆燃火焰?zhèn)鞑ゾ嚯x增大促成爆燃進(jìn)氣溫度升高促成爆燃進(jìn)氣壓力升高促成爆燃冷卻水溫度升高促成爆燃點(diǎn)火正時(shí)提前

13、促成爆燃燃?xì)饧淄橹禍p小促成爆燃富氧燃燒和稀薄燃燒的比較富氧燃燒和稀薄燃燒的比較稀薄燃燒的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)稀薄燃燒的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 排放好排放好 燃燒溫度低燃燒溫度低 功率高功率高 易爆燃易爆燃G3508發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制G3512/16發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制G3500空燃比控制G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制ECMECM功能功能 -速度控制:調(diào)速器,速度信號(hào)閉環(huán)控制. -點(diǎn)火控制:ECM發(fā)出108V脈沖電壓至點(diǎn)火初級(jí)線圈. -空/燃比控制:階段控制-通過空氣進(jìn)氣閥,燃?xì)膺M(jìn)氣閥,廢氣排放閥. -起/?？刂?控制邏輯. -運(yùn)行監(jiān)控:保護(hù),報(bào)警,顯示.G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起

14、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起/?？刂七壿嬐？刂七壿婨CM接到啟動(dòng)信號(hào)后:1.預(yù)潤滑馬達(dá)啟動(dòng).預(yù)潤滑達(dá)到一定壓力,壓力開關(guān)閉合,通知ECM盤車.2.設(shè)定邏輯確定盤車,ECM對(duì)起動(dòng)馬達(dá)提供+V盤車.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓泵, 以提供壓力給三個(gè)電液執(zhí)行器.3.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)掃氣根據(jù)參數(shù)設(shè)定.3.盤車轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到50RPM以上, ECM通電至GSOV閥打開.4.GSOV打開1S后,ECM監(jiān)視燃?xì)?空氣壓差小于0.5Kpa,加+V于燃?xì)怆娨簣?zhí)行器, 燃?xì)膺M(jìn)入發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并點(diǎn)火.5.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到起動(dòng)結(jié)束設(shè)定值, ECM切斷給起動(dòng)馬達(dá)的+V,起動(dòng)小齒輪 退出.6.當(dāng)編輯邏輯判斷要停車時(shí),ECM關(guān)斷GSOV-燃?xì)庵袛?但繼續(xù)點(diǎn)火.停車后,后潤

15、滑 啟動(dòng),以保證增壓器等運(yùn)動(dòng)部件有足夠的潤滑.7.緊急停車時(shí),GSOV和點(diǎn)火同時(shí)切斷,無后潤滑.G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比控制G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比控制G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比(AFR)控制控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)階段發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)階段 - 啟動(dòng)初始, 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣控制蝶閥保持在一固定位置10S. - 通常設(shè)定在關(guān)閉6080%. -設(shè)定值太大會(huì)進(jìn)氣不足, 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速遲遲達(dá)不到設(shè)定轉(zhuǎn)速, 控制軟件會(huì)接管控制,逐步打開進(jìn)氣蝶閥,使轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到設(shè)定值.無反饋控制模式無反饋控制模式 - 達(dá)到設(shè)定轉(zhuǎn)速10S后, AFR交AFR控制MAP控制. 此時(shí)不考慮反饋的影響因素,無任何修正. -

16、 通常MAP計(jì)算的AFR為低空燃比, 目的是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)低溫狀況下保持較濃的燃?xì)? G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比(AFR)控制控制排氣溫度控制模式排氣溫度控制模式 - 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)根據(jù)理想的排溫來控制AFR.混合氣濃, 排溫升高, 反之則降低. 該階段發(fā)生的條件該階段發(fā)生的條件: a. 實(shí)際排氣溫度超過理想排氣溫度. b. 排氣溫度停止增長, 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷小于40%. c. 無反饋控制時(shí)間過期.G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空燃比(AFR)控制控制燃燒反饋控制模式燃燒反饋控制模式 - 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)根據(jù)理想燃燒時(shí)間來控制AFR. 該階段的發(fā)生條件該階段的發(fā)生條件: - 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷40%, 進(jìn)氣蝶閥全開, AF

17、R由廢氣放氣閥控制.預(yù)燃室校驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ筋A(yù)燃室校驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ?-該模式用于預(yù)燃室的針閥, 目的是達(dá)到理想的排放值. -該模式中, 燃料的校正系數(shù)被認(rèn)為是100%.G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃料供給系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃料供給系統(tǒng)幾個(gè)重要的參數(shù)的理解 燃料修正系數(shù)(FC)：100 2% 燃燒時(shí)間(BT）：Desire 0.2ms 加載50%以上時(shí)油水溫度要求:50度 BT在濾波前9ms不超過4次/分鐘,否則就認(rèn)為該缸失火.進(jìn)、排氣系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng)1.排氣管. 2.中冷器. 3.進(jìn)氣蝶閥. 4.排氣端. 5. 氣缸. 6.進(jìn)氣端. 7.進(jìn)氣渦輪. 8. 排氣渦輪. 9. 廢氣排放閥發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的潤滑系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的

18、潤滑系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)1.節(jié)流孔板. 2.節(jié)流孔板. 3.放氣管. 4.節(jié)流孔板. A.增壓器. B.機(jī)體和缸蓋. C.機(jī)體水泵. D.缸套水節(jié)溫器. E.膨脹水箱. F.散熱器. G.機(jī)油冷卻器. H.中冷器. I.混水箱. J.輔助水泵. K.中冷水節(jié)溫器. L.膨脹水箱. M.散熱器.點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)(1) Wire seal (2) Lockwire (3) Ignition harness (4) Transformer (5) Extension (6) O-ring seal (7) Terminal for the spark plug (8) Mounting

19、flange for the transformer 232-6351 Transformers 的阻值隨溫度的變化測(cè)量初級(jí)回路二極管的電壓 (A) Positive 正極 (B) Negative 負(fù)極 (C) Unused 未使用G3600發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)操作保養(yǎng)Caterpillar Natural Gas Engine Oil (NGEO )Caterpillar NGEO Properties Characteristic ASTM Test SAE Viscosity Grade 30 40 API Gravity D0287 28.9 28 Flash Point D0092 238 25

20、2 Pour Point D0097 15 15 Viscosity (cSt) at 100 C (212 F) D0445 10.8 13.2 Viscosity Index D2270 98 98 Weight (Percent) of Sulfated Ash D0874 0.52 0.52 Total Base Number D2896 5.6 5.6 Caterpillar Natural Gas Engine Oil (NGEO ) Function Keeping the engine clean Preventing rust and corrosion Acting as

21、a coolant Reducing friction and wearCommercial Oils requirementCommercial oil specifications do not exist for Caterpillar engines that operate on gaseous fuels. The performance of lubrication oil for gas engines is determined by a field evaluation. Successful field operation has been achieved with o

22、ils that meet the following guidelines: Caterpillar recommends the use of oils that are formulated specifically for heavy-duty gas engines. Do not use oils that are specially formulated for gasoline engines or for diesel engines. Caterpillar does not recommend multigrade oils for use in gas engines.

23、 Caterpillar recommends the use of oils that have a sulfated ash content between 0.40 and 0.60 percent. The oil must demonstrate adequate protection for a minimum of 7000 hours in a field evaluation under controlled conditions.7000Hrs Criteria for the Evaluation Oil Consumption Valve Recession Parts

24、 Requirements Final InspectionIncluding: Pistons Piston rings Cylinder liners Cylinder heads Gas engine oil viscosityEngine Oil Viscosity Caterpillar NGEO Grade of Viscosity Ambient Temperature Minimum Maximum SAE 30 0 C (32 F) 40 C (104 F) SAE 40 5 C (41 F) 50 C (122 F) Fuel-Gas Composition Contami

25、nants Heat value Methane number Specific gravity FUEL USAGE GUIDE CAT METHANE NUMBER 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 100 IGNITION TIMING N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A DERATION FACTOR 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.82 0.87 0.93 0.98 1.00 1.00 Coolant fuction Adequate heat transfer Compatibility with the cooling s

26、ystems components such as hoses, seals, and piping Protection from water pump cavitation Protection from other cavitation erosion Protection from freezing and from boiling Protection from the buildup of corrosion, of sludge, and of scale Properties of Coolant/Antifreeze Water Glycol AdditivesWater r

27、equirementCaterpillar Minimum Acceptable Water Requirements Property Maximum Limit ASTM Test Chloride (Cl) 40 mg/L (2.4 grains per US gal) D512, D4327 Sulfate (SO4) 100 mg/L (5.9 grains per US gal) D516 Total Hardness 170 mg/L (10 grains per US gal) D1126 Total Solids 340 mg/L (20 grains per US gal)

28、 D1888 Acidity pH of 5.5 to 9.0 D1293 Glycol Antifreeze Protection % Mixture Glycol and Water Lowest Protective Temperature Ethylene Glycol Propylene Glycol 50 / 50 37 C (34 F) 32 C (26 F) 60 / 40 51 C (60 F) - Additives Corrosion Formation of mineral deposits Rust Scale Pitting and erosion from cav

29、itation of the cylinder liner Foaming of the coolant Engine view (A) Gas admission valves (B) Inlet valves (C) Exhaust valves Engine Design Displacement . 170 L (10,352 cu in) Bore . 300 mm (11.8 inch) Stroke . 300 mm (11.8 inch) Compression ratio . 9.2:1 Combustion . Spark Ignited Firing order Stan

30、dard rotation CCW . 1-6-2-5-8-3-7-4 Valve lash Inlet . 0.50 mm (.020 inch) Exhaust . 1.27 mm (.050 inch) Gas admission valve . 0.64 mm (.025 inch) Operating the Engine and the Driven Equipment Time Limits for Low Load Operation Engine Load Time Limit 0 to 30 percent 1/2 hour 31 to 50 percent 2 hours

31、 51 to 100 percent Continuous (1) Maintenance Interval Schedule - G3600 Engines (9:1) When Required Daily Every 250 Service Hours Initial 1000 Service Hours Every 1000 Service Hours Every 2000 Service Hours Every 5000 Service Hours Every 10 000 Service Hours Every 20 000 Service Hours or 3 Years Eve

32、ry 25 000 Service Hours Daily Air Starting Motor Lubricator Oil Level - Check Air Tank Moisture and Sediment - Drain Control Panel - Inspect Cooling System Coolant Level - Check Driven Equipment - Inspect/Replace/Lubricate Electrohydraulic System - Inspect Engine Oil Level - Check Fuel System Fuel F

33、ilter Differential Pressure - Check Walk-Around Inspection Every 250 Service Hours Battery Electrolyte Level - Check Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) - Obtain Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) - Test/Add Engine Oil Sample - Obtain Initial 1000 Service Hours Air Starting Motor

34、 Lines Screen - Clean Air Starting Motor Lubricator Bowl CleanCrankcase Blowby - Measure/Record Cylinder Pressure - Measure/Record Electrohydraulic System Oil Filter - Change Engine Crankcase Breather - Clean Engine Protective Device Connections - Inspect Engine Speed/Timing Sensor - Clean/Inspect E

35、ngine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust Engine Valve Rotators - Inspect Valve Stem Projection - Measure/Record Every 1000 Service Hours Actuator Control Linkage - Lubricate Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace Ignition System Spark Plugs - Check/Adjust Every 2000 Service Hours

36、 Aftercooler Condensation - Drain Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) - Obtain Crankshaft Vibration Damper - Inspect Engine Crankcase Breather Clean Engine Mounts - Check Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust Engine Valve Rotators - Inspect Valve Stem Projection - Measure/Record Every 5000 Service

37、Hours Air Starting Motor Lines Screen - Clean Air Starting Motor Lubricator Bowl - Clean Combustion Sensor - Clean/Inspect/Replace Cooling System Level Switch - Inspect Crankcase Blowby - Measure/Record Cylinder Pressure - Measure/Record Driven Equipment - Check Electrohydraulic System - Check/Adjus

38、t Electrohydraulic System Oil - Change Electrohydraulic System Oil Filter - Change Engine Oil - Change Engine Oil Filter - Change Engine Protective Device Connections - Inspect Engine Protective Devices - Check Exhaust Bypass - Recondition Gas Shutoff Valve - Inspect Ignition System Spark Plugs - Re

39、place Inlet Air System - Inspect Inlet Gas Manifold and Piping - Inspect/Replace Prechamber Check Valves - Clean Starting Motor - Inspect Turbocharger - Inspect Every 10000 Service Hours Alternator - Inspect Cooling System Water Temperature Regulator - Replace Electrohydraulic Actuator - Inspect Eng

40、ine Oil Temperature Regulator - Replace Engine Speed/Timing Sensor - Clean/Inspect Exhaust Shields - Inspect Gas Pressure Regulator - Inspect/Replace Prechamber Check Valves - Replace Prelube Pump - Inspect Water Pump - Inspect When Required Actuator Control Linkage Replace Barring Device - Lubricat

41、e Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) Obtain Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Clean/Replace Engine Air Precleaner - Clean Overhaul Considerations Valve Stem Projection - Measure/Record 問題與解答問題與解答CaterpillarNatural Gas Engine Oil卡特彼勒天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油卡特彼勒天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油NGEO威斯特產(chǎn)品支持部威斯特產(chǎn)品支持部High loads 大負(fù)

42、荷Remote operation 遠(yuǎn)程控制Controlling oil consumption 控制機(jī)油消耗量Reducing downtime 減少停機(jī)時(shí)間Extending oil drain intervals 延長換油周期Extending service intervals 延長維修周期天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油面臨的挑戰(zhàn)新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)流程市場(chǎng)需求研發(fā)（基礎(chǔ)油和添加劑配方）實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試市場(chǎng)推廣臺(tái)架測(cè)試卡特彼勒Paulsboro 測(cè)試中心的G3406發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 高強(qiáng)度、高負(fù)荷測(cè)試 ，超過額定負(fù)載20 持續(xù)時(shí)間達(dá)300小時(shí) 油底殼容量減小 根據(jù)空燃比嚴(yán)格控制機(jī)油供給量卡特彼勒燃?xì)鈾C(jī)油臺(tái)架測(cè)試卡特彼

43、勒燃?xì)鈾C(jī)油臺(tái)架測(cè)試燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油的要求散熱控制火花塞積炭控制火花塞積炭 (誤點(diǎn)火誤點(diǎn)火)控制起泡和揮發(fā)控制起泡和揮發(fā)(機(jī)油消耗）機(jī)油消耗）控制缸套磨損控制缸套磨損/腐蝕（機(jī)油耗量，腐蝕（機(jī)油耗量，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壽命）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壽命）控制活塞環(huán)的磨損和環(huán)槽的清潔度控制活塞環(huán)的磨損和環(huán)槽的清潔度 (活塞環(huán)抱死活塞環(huán)抱死, 缸套拉傷缸套拉傷, 機(jī)油過量消機(jī)油過量消耗耗)負(fù)荷潤滑特性負(fù)荷潤滑特性 (較少摩擦和磨損）較少摩擦和磨損）控制灰份沉積控制灰份沉積機(jī)油壽命機(jī)油壽命 (控制氧化控制氧化, 硝化硝化, 漆膜漆膜, 淤渣沉積淤渣沉積, 粘度粘度增高增高, 總氨氮含量升高總氨氮含量升高)卡特彼勒卡特彼勒NGEO的優(yōu)

44、勢(shì)的優(yōu)勢(shì) 換油周期延長 防制活塞拉傷和缸套磨損 改善活塞的清潔度并控制積炭沉積 對(duì)氣門座圈提供卓越的保護(hù)油基油基基本原料添加劑添加劑基本原料成品潤滑油潤滑油的成份.+=基礎(chǔ)油基礎(chǔ)油添加劑添加劑最終最終產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)品Why Additives? 為何需要添加劑？ Base oil alone is unable to meet the demands of a modern engine 單純的基礎(chǔ)油已無法滿足現(xiàn)代發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能需求單純的基礎(chǔ)油已無法滿足現(xiàn)代發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能需求 Additives add new qualities necessary for specific applications (

45、e.g. Cleaning) 添加劑使?jié)櫥途邆淞颂囟ür應(yīng)用中所需要的性能添加劑使?jié)櫥途邆淞颂囟ür應(yīng)用中所需要的性能 Enhances existing qualities of the oil 提升潤滑油原有的的特性提升潤滑油原有的的特性添加劑配方 卡特彼勒燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的添加劑配方源于下列添加劑的最優(yōu)化組合： 碳黑分散劑 金屬清潔劑 氧化抑止劑 防磨劑 金屬減活劑（防腐蝕） 抑泡劑 傾點(diǎn)鎮(zhèn)靜劑卡特彼勒NGEO發(fā)展史 CAT NGEO 卡特彼勒第一代燃?xì)鈾C(jī)油，1988年推出 以其在所有燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的出色性能表現(xiàn)贏得良好的聲譽(yù) CAT NGEO EL 250 1998推出，提供更長的使用壽

46、命并改善磨損防護(hù)性能 CAT NGEO EL 350 基于最新的科技成果，卡特彼勒于2004年研發(fā)出第三代燃?xì)鈾C(jī)油，進(jìn)一步延長換油周期，適用范圍更廣卡特彼勒燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油 NGEO EL 350CAT NGEO EL 350 介紹 CAT NGEO EL 350 對(duì)于粘度、硝化和氧對(duì)于粘度、硝化和氧化特性有顯著的改善化特性有顯著的改善 CAT NGEO EL 350 能顯著降低在惡劣工能顯著降低在惡劣工況下的積炭和油泥的沉積況下的積炭和油泥的沉積 CAT NGEO EL 350 具有優(yōu)良的防起泡性具有優(yōu)良的防起泡性能和防腐蝕性能能和防腐蝕性能 CAT NGEO EL 350 （增強(qiáng)型）于（增強(qiáng)

47、型）于2007年年春季推出，具有更優(yōu)良的熱穩(wěn)定性春季推出，具有更優(yōu)良的熱穩(wěn)定性CAT NGEO EL 350 IRM Released August 2007卡特彼勒NGEO EL350Cat G3406 Used Oil Data - Oxidation0102030405060708090100050100125150175200225250275300Test HoursOxidation by IR (abs/cm)CAT NGEO EL 350 - EnhancedCompetitor TCAT NGEO EL 250Cat NGEO 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)測(cè)試 抗氧化性卡特彼勒 NGEO EL 2

48、50 和 EL 350 的抗氧化性能均優(yōu)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品 數(shù)值越低性能越好數(shù)值越低性能越好Proprietary TestCat G3406 Used Oil Data -Nitration0102030405060708090100050100125150175200225250275300Test HoursNitration by IR (abs/cm)CAT NGEO EL 350 - EnhancedCAT NGEO EL 250Competitor TCat NGEO 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)測(cè)試 抗硝化性CAT NGEO EL 350 的抗硝化性能非常突出Proprietary Test 數(shù)值越低性能越好數(shù)值越低性能越好Cat G3406 Used Oil Data -Viscosity Increase010203040506070809010012345678