美國(guó)文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、附：作者及作品（第一、二冊(cè)）一、殖民主義時(shí)期 The Literature of Colonial America1船長(zhǎng)約翰史密斯 Captain John Smith自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亞墾荒以來發(fā)生的各種事件的真實(shí)介紹“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”弗吉尼亞地圖，附：一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村的描述“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of th

2、e Country”弗吉尼亞通史 “General History of Virginia”2威廉布拉德福德 William Bradford普利茅斯開發(fā)歷史 “The History of Plymouth Plantation”3約翰溫思羅普 John Winthrop新英格蘭歷史 “The History of New England”4羅杰威廉姆斯 Roger Williams開啟美國(guó)語言的鑰匙”A Key into the Language of America”或叫美洲新英格蘭部分土著居民語言指南Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives

3、in That Part of America Called New England ”5安妮布萊德斯特 Anne Bradstreet在美洲誕生的第十個(gè)謬斯”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命時(shí)期文學(xué) The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。本杰明富蘭克林 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)自傳 “ The Autobiography ”窮人理查德的年鑒 “Poor Richards Almanac”2。托馬斯佩因 Thomas Paine (1737-1809

4、)美國(guó)危機(jī) “The American Crisis”收稅官的案子 “The Case of the Officers of the Excise”常識(shí)“Common Sense”人權(quán) “Rights of Man”理性的時(shí)代 “The Age of Reason”土地公平 “Agrarian Justice”3托馬斯杰弗遜 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)獨(dú)立宣言“The Declaration of Independence”4菲利浦弗瑞諾Philip Freneau (1752-1832)野忍冬花“The Wild Honey Suckle”印第安人的墳地 “Th

5、e Indian Burying Ground”致凱提迪德“To a Caty-Did”想象的力量 “The Power of Fancy”夜屋 “The House of Night”英國(guó)囚船“The British Prison Ship”戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期弗瑞諾主要詩歌集“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”札記 “Miscellaneous Works”三、浪漫主義文學(xué) The Literature of Romanticism1。華盛頓歐文 Washington Irving (1783-1859)作者

6、自敘 “The Authors Account of Himself”睡谷傳奇 “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”見聞札記“Sketch Book”喬納森歐爾德斯泰爾 “Jonathan Oldstyle”紐約外史 “A History of New York”布雷斯布里奇莊園“Bracebridge Hall”旅行者故事“Tales of Traveller”查理二世或快樂君主 “Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch”克里斯托弗哥倫布生平及航海歷史“A History of the Life and Voyages of

7、Christopher Columbus”格拉納達(dá)征服編年史”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada”哥倫布同伴航海及發(fā)現(xiàn)”Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus”阿爾罕布拉 “Alhambra”西班牙征服傳說 “Legends of the Conquest of Spain”草原游記“A Tour on the Prairies”阿斯托里亞“Astoria”博納維爾船長(zhǎng)歷險(xiǎn)記 “The Adventures of Captain Bonneville”奧立弗戈?duì)柕率访芩?”Life

8、of Oliver Goldsmith”喬治華盛頓傳 “Life of George Washington”2詹姆斯芬尼莫庫珀 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)最后的莫希干人 “The Last of the Mohicans”間諜“The Spy”領(lǐng)航者 “The Pilot”美國(guó)海軍 “U.S. Navy”皮襪子故事集“Leather Stocking Tales”包括殺鹿者、探路人”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder”最后的莫希干人“The Last of the Mohicans”拓荒者、大草原“The Pioneers”

9、, “The Praire”3。威廉卡倫布萊恩特 William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)死之思考“Thanatopsis”致水鳥“To a Waterfowl”4。埃德加阿倫坡 Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)給海倫“To Helen”烏鴉 “The Raven”安娜貝爾李“Annabel Lee”鄂榭府崩潰記“The Fall of the House of Usher”金瓶子城的方德先生 “Ms. Found in a Bottle”述異集“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque”5。拉爾夫沃爾多愛默生 R

10、alph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)論自然 “Nature”論自助 “Self-Reliance”美國(guó)學(xué)者“The American Scholar”神學(xué)院致辭 “The Divinity School Address”隨筆集 “Essays”代表 “Representative Men”英國(guó)人 “English Traits”詩集 “Poems”6。亨利戴維梭羅 Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)沃爾登 我生活的地方 我為何生活“Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For”平民反抗 “Civil D

11、isobedience”7。納撒尼爾霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)紅字 “The Scarlet Letter”七尖角閣的房子 “The House of the Seven Gables”海關(guān)大樓“The Custom House”福谷浪漫史“The Blithedale Romance”古夏青苔“Mosses From an Old Manse”寶石神像 “The Marble Faun”伊桑布蘭德 “Ethan Brand”小伙子布朗 “Young Goodman Brown”海德格博士的體驗(yàn) “Dr. Heideggers Experiment”野

12、心勃勃的客人 “The Ambitious Guest”巨石臉“The Great Stone Face”8。赫爾曼麥爾維爾 Herman Melville (1819-1891)白鯨 “Moby Dick”泰皮 “Typee”歐穆 “Omoo”雷德車 “Bedburn”白外衣 “White-Jacket”比利伯德“Billy Budd”瑪?shù)?“Mardi”皮埃爾 “Pierre”班內(nèi)托西蘭尼 “Benito Cereno”9。亨利沃茲沃思朗費(fèi)羅 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)人生禮贊 “A Psalm of Life”奴隸的夢(mèng) “The Slav

13、es Dream”逝去的青春 “My Lost Youth”海華沙之歌 海華沙的禁食“The Song of Hiawatha Hiawathas Fasting”海外記游“Outre-Mer”海華沙“Hiawatha”夜吟 “Voices of the Night”許珀里翁 “Hyperion”歌謠及其他“Ballads and other Poems”奴隸制度詩篇“Poems on Slavery”伊凡吉林 “Evangeline”邁克爾安吉洛 “Michael Angelo”金星號(hào)遇難 “The Wreck of the Hesperus”精益求精 “Excelsior”鄉(xiāng)村鐵匠 “Th

14、e Village Blacksmith”四、現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)The Literature of Realism1。沃爾特惠特曼 Walt Whitman (1819-1892)自己之歌“Song of Myself”我坐在這兒眺望著 “I Sit and Look Out”敲呀！敲呀！鼓?。?“DRUM-TAPS Beat! Beat! Drums”草葉集 “Leaves of Grass”2。愛米麗狄金森 Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)我品味未經(jīng)釀造的飲料 ”I taste a liquor never brewed”我意識(shí)到一場(chǎng)葬禮 “I felt a Funeral

15、, in my Brain”鳥兒沿著小徑過來 “A Bird came down the Walk“我為美而死 “I died for Beauty-but was scarce”聽到蒼蠅的嗡嗡聲我死時(shí)“I heard a Fly buzzwhen I died“我不能等候死神 “Because I could not stop for Death“3。哈麗雅特比徹斯托 Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)湯姆叔叔的小屋“Uncle Toms Cabin”湯姆叔叔小屋題解 “A Key to Uncle Toms cabin”德雷德，陰暗大沼地的故事“Dred:

16、A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp”4。馬克吐溫 Mark Twain (1835-1910)湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記 ”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”跳蛙 “Jumping Frog”傻子國(guó)外旅行記 “Innocents Abroad”艱苦歲月 “Roughing It”鍍金時(shí)代 “The Gilded Age”密西西比河上的生活 ”Life on the Mississippi”哈克貝里費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”傻瓜威爾遜 “Puddnhead Wilson”敗壞了哈德萊堡的人”The Man

17、that Corrupted Hadleybury”什么是人？ “What is Man”神秘來客“The Mysterious Stranger”5。歐亨利 O Henry (1862-1910)警察與贊美詩 “The Cop and the Anthem”四百萬 “The Four Million”舊知 “Retrieved Reformation”麥珙的禮物“The Gift of the Magi”市政報(bào)告 “A Municipal Report”沒講完的故事“An Unfinished Story”月亮女神“Phoebe”吝嗇愛人 “A Lickpenny Lover”裝飾過的房間“

18、The Furnished Room”6。亨利詹姆斯 Henry James (1843-1916)一個(gè)貴婦人的畫像 ”The Portrait of A Lady”觀察和守護(hù) “Watch and Ward”羅德里克赫德森 “Roderick Hudson”美國(guó)人 “The American”達(dá)西密勒 “Daisy Miller”波士頓人 “The Bostonians”卡薩瑪西瑪公主 “The Princess Casamassima”悲慘的繆斯“The Tragic Muse”鴿翼 “The Wings of the Dove”大使“The Ambassadors”金碗 “The Gol

19、den Bowl”7。杰克倫敦 Jack London (1876-1916)海狼 “The Sea Wolf”馬丁伊登“Martin Eden”狼子 “The Son of the Wolf”荒野的呼喚 “The Call of the Wild”深淵中的人們 “The People of the Abyss”海狼 “The Sea Wolf”階級(jí)的斗爭(zhēng) “The War of the Classes”鐵蹄 “The Iron Heel”馬丁伊登“Martin Eden”革命“Revolution”生活的法則“The Law of Life”白牙 “White Fong”8。西奧多德萊塞 T

20、heodore Dreiser (1871-1945)嘉莉妹妹 “Sister Carrie”尼吉爾杰夫 “Nigger Jeff”巴塞爾洛格勞的女兒”Butcher Rogaums Daughter”珍妮姑娘“Jannie Gerhardt”金融家 “The Financier”巨人 “The Titan”斯多葛 “The Stoic”天才 “Genius”德萊塞訪蘇印象記 “Dreiser Looks at Russia”五、二十世紀(jì)文學(xué)TwentiethCentury Literature1。埃茲拉龐德 Ezra Pound (1885-1972)一臺(tái)古鋼琴 “A Virginal”再次

21、致意 “Salutation the Second”合同 “A Pact”地鐵站臺(tái)“In a Station of the Metro”長(zhǎng)干行 “The River-Merchants Wife:A Letter”2。埃德溫阿林頓羅賓遜Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)山上的古屋 “The House on the Hill”理查珂利 “Richard Cory”米尼弗契維 “Miniver Cheevy”蒂爾伯里小鎮(zhèn) “Tilburg Town”克雷格艦長(zhǎng) “Captain Craig”本瓊生招待一個(gè)來自斯特拉福德的朋友“Ben Jonson Enter

22、tains a Man from Stratford”默林 “Merlin”蘭斯洛特 “Lancelot”特拉斯特拉姆 “Tristram”3。羅伯特弗洛斯特 Robert Frost (1874-1963)摘罷蘋果 “After Apple-Picking”沒有走的路 “The Road Not Taken”雪夜林邊小立 “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”部分 “Departmental”設(shè)計(jì) “Design”大多數(shù) “The Most of It”小男孩的意志 “A Boys Will”波士頓以北 “North of Boston”山陵 “Moun

23、tain Interval”新罕布什爾“New Hampshire”小河西流“West-Running Brook”又一片農(nóng)場(chǎng) “A Further Range”智慧樹 “A Witness Tree”絨毛銹線菊 “Steeple Bush”空曠地“In the Clearing”4?？柹５卤?Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)芝加哥 “Chicago”港灣“The Harbor”霧 “Fog”冰冷的墓 “Cool Tombs”閃爍的深紅 “Flash Crimson”人民，是的 “The People, Yes”芝加哥詩集 “Chicago Poems”剝玉米的人 “Cor

24、nhuskers”煙與鋼 “Smoke and Steel”太陽燒灼的西方石板”Slabs of the Sunburnt West”美國(guó)歌謠匯編“The American Songbag”芝加哥種族動(dòng)亂 “The Chicago Race Riots”路特拜故事集“The Rootabaga Stories”攝影家斯泰肯 “Steichen the Photographer”瑪麗林肯“Mary Lincoln”亞伯拉罕林肯 “Abraham Lincoln”5。華萊士斯蒂文斯 Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)彼得昆士彈琴“Peter Quince at the Clav

25、ier”壇子的軼事“Anecdote of the Jar”冰淇淋皇帝 “The Emperor of Ice-Cream”風(fēng)琴 “Harmonium”關(guān)于秩序的思想 “Ideas of Order”帶藍(lán)吉它的人 “The Man with the Blue Guitar”一個(gè)世界的幾個(gè)部分 ”Parts of a World”入夏 “Transport to Summer”秋天的曙光 “The Auroras of Autumn”必要的天使“Necessary Angel”詩歌選集 “Collected Poems”遺著 “Opus Posthumous”諧音 “Harmonium”星期六早

26、晨 “Sunday Morning”6。托馬斯斯特恩斯愛略特 Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)J阿爾弗雷德普魯弗洛克的情歌“The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock”序曲 “Preludes”三賢哲的旅程 “Journey of the Magi”空心人 給老蓋伊一文錢吧”The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy”普魯弗洛克及其它一些觀察 ”Prufrock and Other Observations”詩集“Poems”圣林 “The Sacred Wood”傳統(tǒng)和個(gè)人天才 “Tradition

27、and the Individual Talent”荒原 “The Waste Land”空心人 “The Hollow Men”灰星期三 “Ash-Wednesday”四個(gè)四重奏“Four Quartets”向德賴登致敬“Homage to John Dryden”萎縮爭(zhēng)論 “Sweeney Agonistes”耶利爾詩集 “Ariel Poems”大教堂兇殺案 “Murder in the Cathedral”詩歌的用法和評(píng)論的用法”The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism”家庭重聚 “The Family Reunion”雞尾酒會(huì)“The

28、Cocktail Party”機(jī)要秘書 “The Confidential Clerk”政界元老 “The Elder Statesman”完美的詩歌與劇作 “The Complete Poems and Plays”7。F司各特菲茨杰拉德 F Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)了不起的蓋茨比 “The Great Gatsby”人間天堂 “This Side of Paradise”漂亮的和該死的 “The Beautiful and Damned”爵士時(shí)代故事 “Tales of the Jazz Age”蔬菜 “The Vegetable”或叫從郵遞員到總統(tǒng) “fr

29、om Postman to President”夜色溫柔 “Tender Is the Night”8。厄恩斯特海明威 Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)永別了，武器 “A Farewell to Arms”三個(gè)故事和十篇詩歌”Three Stories and Ten Poems”太陽照樣升起 “The Sun Also Rises”喪鐘為誰而鳴“For Whom the Bell Tolls”死在午后 “Death in the Afternoon”非洲的青山 “The Green Hills of Africa”過河入林“Across the River and i

30、nto the Trees”老人與海 “The Old Man and the Sea”9。約翰斯坦貝爾 John Steinbeck (1902-1968)憤怒的葡萄“The Grapes of Wrath”科特茲之海 “The Sea of Corctz”長(zhǎng)谷 “The Long Valley”鼠與人“Of Mice and Men”勝負(fù)末決的戰(zhàn)斗 “In Dubious Battle”托蒂亞平地 “Tortilla Flat”10。威廉?？思{ William Faulkner (1897-1962)給艾米莉小姐的玫瑰“A Rose for Emily”圣殿 “Sanctuary”沙多里斯

31、“Sartoris”喧囂與騷動(dòng) “The Sound and the Fury”在我彌留之際 “As I Lay Dying”八月之光 “Light in August”馬蒂諾醫(yī)生和其它故事選 ”Doctor Martino and Others Stories”武士的行動(dòng)“Knights Gambit”大樹林 “Big Woods”押沙龍，押沙龍 “Absalom, Absalom”去吧，摩西 “Go Down, Moses”小鄉(xiāng)村 “The Hamlet”小鎮(zhèn) “The Town”大宅 “The Mansion”名詞解釋Terms1.Transcendentalism Transcende

32、ntalism refers to the religious and philosophical doctrines of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others in New England in the middle 1800s, which emphasized the importance of individual inspiration and intuition, the Oversoul, and Nature. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that

33、 nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant. New England Transcendentalism is the product of a combination of native American Puritanism and European Romanticism. 特點(diǎn)：1）as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It e

34、xalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.不講邏輯，不講系統(tǒng)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)超越理性的感受，超越法律和世俗束縛的個(gè)人表達(dá)。2)they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.呼吁文化復(fù)興，反對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)的拜金主義。3）they believe in the transcendence of over soul, an all-pervading pow

35、er for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part. 相信精神上的超越，相信無所不能的善的力量，強(qiáng)調(diào)善為萬物之源。代表作家Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉爾夫.沃爾多.愛默生作品：“Nature”論自然、“Essays”隨筆錄、 “The American Scholar”美國(guó)學(xué)者, our intellectual Declaration of Independence.我們知識(shí)分子的獨(dú)立宣言。his most important works are “Representati

36、ve Men ”代表and “English Traits”英國(guó)人、“Poems”詩集摘自論自然：Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. 人形的約束沒有了。2.NaturalismNaturalism, a more deliberate kind of realism, usually involves a view

37、of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. As a literary movement, naturalism was initiated in France and it came to be led by Zola, who claimed at “scientific” status for his studies of impoverished characters miserably subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and he

38、reditary defects. Natural fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by her

39、edity and the environment, the religious “truths” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. The most significant work of naturalism in English being Dreisers Sister Carrie.3.American Dream The American Dream is the faith held by many people in the United S

40、tates of America that through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. 4.The Lost Generation The term Lost Generatio

41、n was coined by Gertrude Stein to refer to a group of American Literary notables who lived in Paris from the time period which saw the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Significant members included Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, T. S.

42、 Eliot, and Gertrude Stein herself. Hemingway likely popularized the term, quoting Stein (“You are all a lost generation”) as epigraph to his novel The Sun Also Rises. More generally, the term is being used for the young adults of Europe and America during World War I. They were “l(fā)ost” because after

43、 the war many of them were disillusioned with the world in general and unwilling to more into a settled life.Scott Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby” 了不起的蓋茨比 novelErnest Hemingway “The Sun Also Rises”太陽照樣升起 “A Farwell to Arms”告別了，武器5. ModernismModern writing is marked by a strong and conscious break wit

44、h traditional forms and techniques of expression; it believes that we create the world in the act of perceiving it. Modernism implies historical discontinuity, a sense of alienation, of loss, and of despair. It elevates the individual and his inner being over social man and prefers the unconscious t

45、o the self-conscious.T. S. Eliots “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.6. Romanticism Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England in the later half

46、 of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism. With the publication of William Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with S. T. Colerid

47、ge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in history of English literature. In fact, the first half the 19th century recorded the triumph of Romanticism.Romanticism的特點(diǎn)：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive p

48、erception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主義之間大多是相通的，都注重道德，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義價(jià)值觀和直覺感受，并且認(rèn)為自然是美的源頭，人類社會(huì)是腐敗之源。Washington Irving華盛頓.歐文 the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美國(guó)第一位浪漫主義散文文體作家7. Puritanism The principles and practices of puritans were popularly kn

49、own as Puritanism. Puritanism accepted the doctrines of Calvinism: the sovereignty of God; the supreme authority of the Bible; the irresistibility of Gods will for man in every act of life from cradle to grave. These doctrines led the Puritans to examine their souls to find whether they were of the

50、elect and to search the Bible to determine Gods will. the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor.詩歌賞析The Wild Honey-Suckle 野金銀花By Philip FreneauIt is Philip Morin Freneaus poetry. Philip Morin Freneau was a notable American poet, nationalist, polemicist, sea captain and newspaper editor.The short ly

51、ric was written in 1786.Its said that the poet was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking in a garden.The poet describes his thoughts to readers on the themes of life and death in the form of a blooming flower of life.In the beginning,the poem points out the secluded nat

52、ure of the place where the honey suckle so comely grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to natures protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from mens disturbance and destruction.The poet admired the beauty of nature.Even in these idyllic circumstances, however, the h

53、oneysuckle s days are numbered. No one can violate the great law of nature,even under protective wings of an angel or grew in the Eden.Our fate is doomed.The poems philosophical weight resides in the final stanza.If nothing once, you nothing lose.Even though fate is doomed.It tells us to be optimistic when you face the difficulty. And be sure of what you like and love your life.The poet used many figures of speech in the poem.First,Its personification.The poet used you to describe the Wild Honey Suckle.Second, Its paralleli