大一英語PPT課件

1、NBC (the National Broadcasting Company)The first of the original three US national broadcasting companies (NBC, CBS, ABC). It is called the Peacock Network because of the title animal in its logo. It was established in 1926 by Radio Corporation of America(美國無線電公司）as two groups of radio stations. The

2、 first NBC television channel opened in 1940. the company is now owned by General Electric. Its main offices are at Rockefeller Center in New York.Programs: ER (Emergency Room), Friends, NBC News第1頁/共34頁P(yáng)BS (the Public Broadcasting Service):公共電視網(wǎng) (in the US) a television system that broadcasts progr

3、ams to an association of local stations which use no television advertisements and do not make a profit. It was established by the Public Broadcasting Act and is supported by money from the US Government, large companies and the public. PBS is known for the high quality of its programs，the most famo

4、us of which is Sesame Street. 第2頁/共34頁ABC (the American Broadcasting Company)One of the original three major television networks in America. It began in 1943 as the Blue Network（藍(lán)色廣播網(wǎng)） of six radio stations. ABC is now owned by the Walt Disney Company.Programs: Desperate Housewives, Greys Anatomy (實(shí)

5、習(xí)醫(yī)生格蕾），Lost（迷失）第3頁/共34頁The most dynamic combining forms/prefixes for new computer-and-Internet-related vocabulary in English are cyber-, virtual, Net- (net-), Web- (web-), and E- (e-). New English vocabulary items derived from them usually appear in the following forms:bining forms/prefixes + noun:(

6、 this is the most common type)virtual life (虛擬生活)virtual world (虛擬世界 ) virtual community (虛擬社區(qū)) virtual office (虛擬辦公室)virtual pet (虛擬寵物 ) virtual reality （虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) ) cyber-interaction (網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動) cyberculture (網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化)cybernut (網(wǎng)蟲)cyberpet (電子寵物) cyberspace (網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間), netwriter (發(fā)送電子郵件的人)nethead (網(wǎng)蟲), Webmaster (網(wǎng)

7、絡(luò)維護(hù)者)Web page (網(wǎng)頁) website (網(wǎng)站)Web TV (網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視機(jī)), E-book (電子書籍)E-shopper (網(wǎng)上購物者)e-card (電子賀卡)e(-)mail (電子郵件) e-journal (電子雜志) e-business (電子商務(wù)) e-cash (電子貨幣 ) e-commerce (電子商務(wù))第4頁/共34頁2. combining forms/prefixes + verb: cybersurf (網(wǎng)絡(luò)漫游) netsurf (網(wǎng)絡(luò)漫游)websurf (網(wǎng)絡(luò)漫游) email (發(fā)送電子郵件)3. words like cyber, ne

8、t, etc. + suffix: cyberian (cyber + ian,網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶) cyberphobia (cyber + phobia, 電腦恐懼癥)cybernaut (cyber +naut 網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶)netter (net + er網(wǎng)民)Webify (web + fy 使萬維網(wǎng)化)cyberize (cyber + ize, 使聯(lián)網(wǎng)).4. clipped word:cyberdoc (cyber + doctor, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)醫(yī)生) Netcast (Net + broadcast, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)播放)Netiquette (Net + etiquette, 網(wǎng)規(guī))Netizen (N

9、et + citizen, 網(wǎng)民)Netpreneur (Net + entrepreneur, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)企業(yè)家)Webcam (Web + camera,網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī))Webcasting (Web + broadcasting, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)播放)Webliography (Web + bibliogrpahy,網(wǎng)絡(luò)書目 )Webnomics (Web + economics, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)) Webzine (Web + magazine, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)雜志)e-tailing (electronic + retailing, 電子零售)e-zine (electronic + magazine, 電子雜志).第

10、5頁/共34頁Compound dictationThe deadly SARS virus plaguing(使染疫）China appears to have been a god-send for the nations Internet Service providers. As people reduce their （1）_with other, or hide at home from the disease, e-communications are （2）_.Many people are （3）_for information about the （4）_, and hig

11、hly contagious（傳染性的）virus and using e-mail to keep in touch with friends and family. Many Internet users are down loading medical advice to （5）_their SARS-caused （6）_. And they are using e-mail to share the information.Sina. coms news channels have received （7）_in recent days, （8）_ the epidemic, sai

12、d Daniel Mao, Sina. coms chief executive officer.The remote office, （9）_ when they are out of their offices, has become increasingly popular since the SARS out break. Countless people （10）_ stores and malls are making purchases online.第6頁/共34頁Language study 1. virtual: 1) created and existing only i

13、n a computerSome people spend too much time escaping from reality into the virtual world conjured up on their computer screens.我可以訪問一個網(wǎng)店，通過點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)把我需要的東西放入購物籃。 I can visit a virtual store and put what I want in my basket at the click of a mouse button.2) being or acting as what is described, but not acc

14、epted as such in name or officiallyNow that the talks have broken down, war in the region looks like a virtual certainty.我們的副經(jīng)理（ deputy manager ）是實(shí)際的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business.deriv. virtually ad.Confusable word: virtue n. 善，德行，美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處第7頁/共34頁2. interpret: 1) understa

15、nd (sth. said, ordered, or done)They are worried that the students might interpret the new regulation as a restriction of their rights.她把這個夢理解為想要重獲青春的潛意識愿望（ unconscious desire ）。She interprets the dream as an unconscious desire to be young again.2) give or provide the meaning of, explainThis dream c

16、an be interpreted in several different ways. 你如何解釋他拒絕見我們？How do you interpret his refusal to see us?3) translate what is said in one language into another非常抱歉，我一句話都聽不懂。你能幫我翻譯一下嗎？I am terribly sorry, but I dont understand a word. Could you interpret for me?第8頁/共34頁deriv. interpreter n. 口譯者；譯員 interpr

17、etation n. 解釋；說明；翻譯Collocation: interpret the meaning of 理解.的意義interpret as 把.理解為In many cultures，people who were thought to have the ability to _ dreams were likely to be highly respected. A. interpret B. intervene C. inherit D. impart第9頁/共34頁3. stretch: (cause to) become longer, wider, etc. withou

18、t breakingThe child stretched the rubber band to its full extent. 我的工作時間（working day）從早上7點(diǎn)一直延續(xù)到晚上8點(diǎn)。My working day stretches from seven in the morning to eight at night.She often stretches the rules and leaves work early. 她經(jīng)常違反規(guī)定提前下班。deriv.stretcher n. 擔(dān)架；延伸器；拉伸機(jī) stretchy adj. 能拉長的；有彈性的Collocation:

19、be fully stretched 竭盡所能；全力以赴 at a stretch 連續(xù)不斷地第10頁/共34頁Cf.: expand，extend，enlargestretch expand表示長度、面積、體積等方面的擴(kuò)張、膨脹，多含朝四面八方擴(kuò)張或延伸之意。e.g.：He expands his operation to include all aspects of the clothing business. 他把他的經(jīng)營擴(kuò)展到服裝生意的各個方面。 extend意為“擴(kuò)展、延伸”，表示空間、時間、土地等方面的擴(kuò)展或延續(xù)，也表示將某事物延伸到所期望的地步，還可以表示將身體的各個部位盡可能地

20、伸展開來。e.g.：Cant you extend your visit for a few days?你不能多停留幾天嗎? enlarge意為“擴(kuò)大；增長”，它可以指把照片放大、房子擴(kuò)大、尺寸或空間擴(kuò)大，也可以指體積、容積的增長，還可以指興趣、活動范圍等抽象觀念的增加。e.g.：The successful investment enlarged his personal fortune. 成功的投資增加了他的財富。 stretch意為“伸長；拉緊；展開”，常指由曲變直，由短變長的伸展，也可表示肢體的舒展，還可以表示時間、決定等超過了所規(guī)定的范圍或限度。e.g.: The cables ar

21、e designed not to stretch. 電纜被設(shè)計成不可伸展的。Having finished their morning work，the clerks stood up behind their desks, _ themselves. A. stretching B. extending C. prolonging D. expanding第11頁/共34頁4. submit: （1）give (sth.) to sb. so that it may be formally considered (followed by to)You should submit your

22、reports to the committee.我要提交一份申請，應(yīng)聘微軟公司的那份工作。（ an application for ）I am going to submit an application for that job in Microsoft.你應(yīng)該在三月份之前把報告提交委員會。You should submit your report to the committee before March. （2）(oneself) to sb.sth.: put (oneself) under the control of another；surrender；give in They

23、never submitted to the enemy during the war. 戰(zhàn)爭期間他們從未屈服于敵人。 妻子應(yīng)該順從丈夫嗎?Should a wife submit herself to her husband? deriv. submission n. 提交；提議；投降；歸順submissive adj. 順從的；服從的；提出的第12頁/共34頁 5. endless: adj. having or seeming to have no end The war seems endless to the soldiers. 戰(zhàn)爭對士兵而言似乎無休止。我對他無休止的抱怨感到厭煩。

24、 Im fed up with his endless complaint.deriv. endlessly adv.無盡地；無窮地；無邊地；不斷地syn. infinite，boundless，immeasurableant. finite，definite，limited關(guān)于詞后綴-less：表示否定含義的形容詞后綴 n. + less - adj. (negative meaning)careless：粗心的；疏忽的 mindless：沒頭腦的；粗心大意的meaningless：沒有意義的 useless: 無用的；無價值的第13頁/共34頁6. take in: absorb (sth

25、.) into the body by breathing or swallowingThe earth takes in heat and light from the sun.魚從鰓（gill）吸收氧氣。Fish take in oxygen through their gills.take after像，與相同take apart拆開take back收回（所說的或所寫的）take down記下takefor把看作take off脫掉（衣服等）；起飛take on從事take out取出take over接管take up開始從事、占用第14頁/共34頁Complete the sent

26、ences with one of the following: in, down, away, back, on, apart, off, after, up.1. If you dont believe me, you can take the matter _ with the railway company. 2. We ought not to take _ the poor mans time. hes busy. 3. You can see from his nose that he takes _ his father.4. When they arrived at the

27、airfield the plane was just going to take _.5. If you speak slowly and clearly the students will take _ the meaning.第15頁/共34頁6. When I visited my home-town again, it took me _ to my childhood.7. Ill take _ your name and address and you can pay the money later.8. Take _ 3 from 5 and you get 2.9. Its

28、easy to take a watch _ but difficult to put it together again.10. When the word appears in this context, it takes _ an entirely different meaning.第16頁/共34頁7. data: information, usu. in the form of facts or statistics that you can analyzeThis data is stored on the network and can be accessed by anybo

29、dy.The data is still being analyzed, so I cant tell you the results.The data are insufficient.外來名詞是指從拉丁文、希臘、法文、意大利文等進(jìn)入英語的名詞。這些外來詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有的仍按原語言單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則，有的也可按英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則在詞尾加s或es。1. -a結(jié)尾，加-e（個別加-s）formula公式formulae/formulasalumna女學(xué)生alumnaedogma教條dogmasantenna天線antennae/antennas2.-is結(jié)尾，變-is為-esbasis基礎(chǔ)ba

30、sescrisis危機(jī)crisesaxis軸axesthesis論文thesesoasis綠洲oasesanalysis分析analysessynopsis提要synopsessynthesis合成synthesesdiagnosis診斷diagnoseshypothesis假設(shè)hypothesesparenthesis圓括號parentheses第17頁/共34頁3. -on結(jié)尾，變-on為-aphenomenon現(xiàn)象phenomenacriterion準(zhǔn)則criteria4. -um結(jié)尾，變-um為-adatum論據(jù)datamedium介質(zhì)mediabacterium細(xì)菌bacteriac

31、urriculum課程curriculamemorandum備忘錄memoranda gymnasium體育館gymnasia/gymnasiumsspectrum光譜，系列spectra/spectrums symposium座談會symposia/symposiums5.-us結(jié)尾，變-us為-i，個別直接加-esradius半徑radiilocus地點(diǎn)locinucleus原子核nucleistimulus刺激物stimulisyllabus教學(xué)大綱syllabi/syllabusesgenius天才genii/geniuses6. ex或-ix結(jié)尾，變-ex或-ix為-ices，有時也

32、可加-esappendix附錄appendices/appendixesindex索引indices7. -eau結(jié)尾，加-x或-sbureau局bureauxplateau高原plateaux第18頁/共34頁8. symptom: 1) sign of the existence of sth. badThey regard the increase in crime as a symptom of a more general decline in moral standards.政府切不可忽視其支持者間所表現(xiàn)出的這些不滿（discontent）征候。The Government mus

33、t not ignore these symptoms of discontent among their supporters. 2) change in the body that indicates an illnessIf the symptoms persist, it is important to go to your doctor. 發(fā)冷，發(fā)燒和頭痛是流感的一般癥狀。A cold, fever and headache are the usual symptoms of flu.deriv. symptomatic a.第19頁/共34頁9. conversely: in a

34、way that is opposite to sth.$1 will buy 100 yen worth of Japanese goods. Conversely, 100 yen will buy $1 worth of American goods.你可以把液體加入粉末中，反過來也可以把粉末加入液體中。You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.10. jar: have a harsh or an unpleasant effect (used in the pattern:

35、jar sth., jar on sb./sth.)You shouldnt have too many colors in a small space as the effect can jar.巨響使我煩躁不安。The loud bang jarred my nerves.她尖利的（squeaky）嗓音讓我不舒服。Her squeaky voice jarred on me.第20頁/共34頁11. in sight: 1) visibleAs the train pulled into the station my parents standing on the platform wer

36、e soon in sight.大清早，校園里看不到一個人。It was early in the morning and there wasnt anyone in sight on campus.2) likely to come soonThe end of the economic nightmare is still nowhere in sight.A solution to the problem of environmental pollution now seems in sight.兩個月過去了，還是看不到勝利的跡象。Two months passed, and victo

37、ry was not yet in sight.第21頁/共34頁12. remark: n. thing said or written as a commentThe principal of the school made some remarks about educational reform at the meeting.他對我的書作出的無禮（rude）評論讓我很不舒服。His rude remark about my book jarred on me.v. onupon 談?wù)摚辉u論Its impolite to remark on others appearance.deriv

38、. remarkable adj. 不平常的；值得注意的 remarkably adv. 非常地；顯著地；引人注目地Collocation:pass without remark 置之不理 general remark 一般說明introductory remark 前言，開場白 as remarked above 如上所述第22頁/共34頁Cf.: remark, comment”談?wù)摗?，“評論”remark:常用詞，指議論、評價，常含有一種隨便的意味，如I should be pleased to have your remark.Her absence of hair could har

39、dly escape ment: 強(qiáng)調(diào)批評性的評述。Some scathing comments were heard from visitors.在來賓那兒聽到了一些尖刻的批評。It became a matter of cynical comment among the neighbors.這件事成了鄰居們冷嘲熱諷的話題。第23頁/共34頁13. emotional: 1) of the emotionsShe is grateful to him for his emotional support while she was in trouble.處理感情問題很困難。Its quite

40、difficult to handle emotional problems.2) having emotions that are easily excitedMarie got very emotional when we parted, and started to cry.據(jù)說意大利人比我們更情感奔放。Its said that the Italians are more emotional than we are.relative wordsemotion n激動；情感；情緒 emotionless a無感情的emotionally ad. 訴諸情感地emotive a情感的；易激動

41、情感的第24頁/共34頁14. rely on/upon: depend confidently on, put trust inNowadays we rely increasingly on computers to control the flow of traffic.一些孩子非常（heavily）依賴父母給出的建議。Some children relied heavily on the advice of their parents.deriv. reliance n. 信任, 信心, 依靠, 依靠的人或物self-reliance n.Cf.: rely, trust, depen

42、d “信任” “相信”rely完全信任You are the only woman I can rely on.trust常強(qiáng)調(diào)基于沒有說服力的證據(jù)的信仰產(chǎn)生的信心。We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate.depend意味著對另一個人的幫助或支持有信心，有“依而定”的意思。It is fool hardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies.我們依靠中東國家的石油供給是愚蠢的。第25頁/共34頁15. abuse: n. wrong or bad

43、use or treatment of sth./sb.The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on drug abuse and addiction.警察正在調(diào)查(investigation)虐待兒童事件。The policemen are making an investigation of child abuse.Cf.: abuse, misuse, mistreat “不公正對待”，“傷害”，“濫用”abuse最普通，指各種故意的或非故意的、言語上的辱罵或行為上的傷害。如：He was always abu

44、sing people when he was drunk.The serf-owners had the right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at will.The professor plans to give a presentation on drug abuse in his lecture.misuse指不適當(dāng)?shù)氖褂?，即“誤用”，“濫用”，并不一定是有意的。He misused the idiom.He misused his knife at the table by lifting food with it.mistreat多

45、用于美國英語，表示苛刻或殘暴對待，如：The dogs owner mistreated it terribly.The magistrate administrated a public thrashing to the landlord who had mistreated his brother.法官對那虐待兄弟的地主施以當(dāng)眾鞭笞。第26頁/共34頁16. restore: vt. （1） bring back to a former condition (used in the pattern: restore sth.; restore sb. to sth.)Winning thr

46、ee games restored their confidence.Doing sports every day restored the old man to good health.在這個事件后，法律和秩序?qū)⒑芸斓玫交謴?fù)。Law and order will be quickly restored after the incident. Though badly damaged by fire，the palace was eventually restored to its original splendor. 雖然這座宮殿遭到了大火的嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，但經(jīng)修復(fù)，最終恢復(fù)了它原有的壯觀。（2）

47、(to) give back 歸還；交還The stolen bike was restored after the thief was caught. 賊抓到后，自行車被歸還了。deriv. restoration n. 恢復(fù)；復(fù)原；歸還 restorative adj. 有助于恢復(fù)健康與體力的Collocation:restore.to. 使.恢復(fù)到；把.還給第27頁/共34頁17. arrange: prepare or plan (used in the pattern: arrange sth.; arrange to do sth.; arrange for sb./sth. to

48、 do sth.)Her marriage was arranged by her parents.I have arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 8:00 a.m.你擅長插花嗎?Are you good at arranging flowers?I could arrange for you to come along with us if you like.deriv. arrangement n. 安排；排列；整理 arranged adj. 被安排好的rearrange vt. 再排列；重新整理The minister had his secre

49、taries _ a press conference.A. arrange B. to arrange C. arranging D. arranged第28頁/共34頁18. flee: run away (from) (used in the pattern: flee from/to; flee someplace)During the war, thousands upon thousands of Afghans fled the country.當(dāng)警鈴響起，顧客們紛紛逃離銀行。The customers fled from the bank when the alarm soun

50、ded.Up to five million political refugees have fled to other countries.Cf.: escapeflee兩個詞都有“逃跑”的含義escape指逃離對自己的限制、對個人利益的危險等。He was recaptured after he escaped. 他逃跑后又被逮捕了。flee指因懼怕或避開危害而匆忙地逃遁，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)逃跑的行為動作。The enemy fled in disorder. 敵人倉惶潰逃。Thousands have been compelled to flee the country. 成千上萬的人被迫逃離了祖

51、國。He slammed the bedroom door behind him and fled. 他摔上身后臥室的門逃走了。第29頁/共34頁19. interview: n. 1) a meeting at which a journalist asks sb. questions in order to find out their newsIn an exclusive interview with our reporter, the film star revealed some of his personal affairs.廣播采訪一般比電視采訪松弛一些。Radio inter

52、views are generally more relaxed than television ones.2) a formal meeting at which sb. applying for a job is asked questions, as a way of judging how suitable they are.I have been asked to go for an interview for a project I applied for at Harvard University.她已經(jīng)參加了兩三個（a couple of）求職面試了，但還沒有得到一個工作邀請（offer）。She has had a couple of job interviews, but no offers. 第30頁/共34頁V.After the press conference, the journalist interviewed the UN Secretary General about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.作為記者，他采訪了很多政府官員。As a journalist, he interviewed many