【公開課課件】高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧(公開課)

1、英語閱讀理解英語閱讀理解解解 題題 技技 巧巧閱閱 讀讀 理理 解解 閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率讀速度和理解力的正確率主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型命命 題題 類類有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種下幾種: :推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can su

2、mmar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見的提問形式的常見的提問形式:主旨大意題主旨大意題 做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)1. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)?？赡軐傥闹心硞€(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬從文中某些可能屬從文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事

3、事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。其實(shí)或以偏概全。 主旨大意題指針對段落或短文的主旨大意題指針對段落或短文的subject(主題主題)、main idea（主要思想）、（主要思想）、title（標(biāo)題）或（標(biāo)題）或purpose（目的）擬題。（目的）擬題。 找出找出主題句主題句 (常在首尾段的首句、尾常在首尾段的首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中句、首尾

4、句、段落中)或通過瀏覽全文，抓或通過瀏覽全文，抓住住關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞，把握主旨。，把握主旨。主旨大意題主旨大意題 解題方法與步驟解題方法與步驟閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of

5、cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of

6、an insatiable(不能滿足的）不能滿足的）society.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA.GM is one of the largest car producers.B.Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.

7、D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?

8、 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型常有以下幾種命題方式：常有以下幾種命題方式： 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 干擾項(xiàng)：干擾項(xiàng)：范圍過大，過小范圍過大，過小 干擾項(xiàng)：干擾項(xiàng)：偷換概念偷換概念 干擾項(xiàng)：干擾項(xiàng)：正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的 解題方法：解題方法：原文定位法原文定位法1.抓住問題中的抓住問題中的關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞，迅速回到原文中，迅速回到原文中 找到這一細(xì)節(jié)；找到這一細(xì)節(jié)；2.把細(xì)節(jié)所在段落仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，與所給把細(xì)節(jié)所在段落仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，與所給 選項(xiàng)核對、分析、判斷、得出答案選項(xiàng)核對、分析、判斷、得出答案閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

9、Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to

10、 stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. rais

11、e the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275

12、 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a

13、 woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600詞義猜測題詞義猜測題的常見的提問形式的常見的提問形式: The un

14、derlined sentence in the last paragraph means _? The word “” most likely means _? Which is following is closest in meaning to the word _? The underlined word/phrase “” means _ in Chinese?1 1）文中找線索或信息詞）文中找線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。匯在特定句中確切意思。做

15、題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng) 同義法同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。 反義法反義法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法釋義法 對文章中的生詞用定語對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明。等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并

16、加以解釋說明。詞詞義義猜猜測測型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等1. 同義法同義法 In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, church, battle site, theatre, and other public halls. mansion: 建筑物或場所建筑物或場所2.釋義法釋義法 It will be very hard but also very brittle. that will break easily.brittle: 易碎的，脆弱的易碎的，脆弱的3. 情景推斷法情景推斷法 She i

17、s usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. prompt: 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的準(zhǔn)時(shí)的4. 常識推斷法常識推斷法 The old man put on his spectacles and begun to read.spectacles: 眼鏡眼鏡閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-詞義猜測題詞義猜測題Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word

18、“illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-relia

19、nce, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的應(yīng)得的，值得的). 推理判斷型推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：常見的命題方式有：1. The passage implies that_.2. We can conclude from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred?4.What is the tone of the author ?5.What is the purpose of this passage?6.The passage is in

20、tended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear? 以以原文內(nèi)容原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對文，客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型 透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。態(tài)度等。不要選擇表層信息不要選擇表層信息推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面既要求學(xué)生透

21、過文章表面文字信息推測文章文字信息推測文章隱含意思隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從推理判斷，力求從作者的角度作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。或觀點(diǎn)。閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-推理判斷題推理判斷題 Passage 4 One afternoon, in Paris, I took a trip to an art museum. I was looking forward to a quiet view of some great paintings of excellent artists. A young couple looking at the paintings in front of me were talking non-stop. I watched them a moment and found the woman