賓語從句中考考點(diǎn)

1、賓語從句中考考點(diǎn)賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語，或位于間接賓語之后。賓語從句在初中英語語法中有著相當(dāng)重要的地位，幾乎每年的中考都有對(duì)賓語從句不同角度的考查。其考查的重點(diǎn)一般都集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：一、考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的連接詞分為三類：1.若由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，其引導(dǎo)詞由that引導(dǎo)；不過that只起引導(dǎo)作用，無具體意義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略.eg:1.He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他說他想呆在家里。 2.I am sure (that) he will succeed.我

2、相信他會(huì)成功。2. 當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句變來時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)詞由if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”，表示選擇。Eg:1.I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住那兒。2.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他問我是否可幫幫他。whether和if用法巧計(jì)： 主從表從同位從，if不用whether用；discuss加介后，whether引導(dǎo)賓語從；不定式，or not后面跟，whether獨(dú)能顯神通；賓從如時(shí)否定句，if發(fā)揮其功用；避免歧義要慎重，其他情況可換用。注意：在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，

3、if和whether一般可換用，但在下列幾種情況下只用whether，不用if。 當(dāng)or not緊隨引導(dǎo)詞之后時(shí)。 Eg:1.We didn't know whether or not she was ready.我們不知道她是否已經(jīng)做好準(zhǔn)備。 當(dāng)從句用作介詞賓語時(shí)。 Eg:1.I am interested in whether he joined the army.我對(duì)他是否入伍很感興趣。 當(dāng)賓語從句移至句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。 Eg:1.Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure.這是否真實(shí)，我不敢肯定。4.在不定式前用whetherEg:I

4、 dont know whether to stay here.（不過if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，whether則不可。）3. 當(dāng)賓語從句由特殊疑問句變來時(shí)，則特殊疑問詞便是引導(dǎo)詞（如who /whose /what / which;when/where/why/how等），它們均充當(dāng)一定成分，一般不可省略。Eg:1.Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?你知道他們?cè)诘日l？2.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?你能告訴我三路車站在哪兒？3.I dont know why the train is

5、late.我不知道火車為什么晚點(diǎn)了？注意：引導(dǎo)詞的選擇應(yīng)依據(jù)句子成分及具體語境。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞練習(xí)題：1.-5.ABACB 6-11.CCABAA1.The teacher asked me I needed any help. A. whether B. that C. what 2.Do you still remember_ he came here？Yes， I do. He came by bus.A. when B. how C. what 3.Do you know_ we will talk about at tomorrow's meeting？A. what B.

6、 that C. where 4.Could you tell me_ she is looking for？Her cousin， Susan.A. what B. whose C. who 5.I don't know _Tom will go or not.A. what B. whether C. how 6.Bob didnt tell the others _ he found it.A. what B. that if C. how7. Do you know _ well get there at 3:00 this afternoon? Im afraid well

7、be late. A. that B. how C.whether8.Could you tell me _ they have done with the rubbish? A. what B. where C. how 9. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? Sorry, I have no idea.A. that B. whether C. what 10.The foreigner asked me _ I could speak English.A. if B. what C. that11.This is not my watch. Do

8、you know _it is?A. whose B. which C. who 二、考查賓語從句的語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，也無論主從句之間是什么引導(dǎo)詞，賓語從句一律用陳述句語序即“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其他”結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)像do,did,does這三個(gè)無意義的助動(dòng)詞。常用的出題形式為單項(xiàng)選擇題、句型轉(zhuǎn)換題（直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語此類的題）。Eg:1.I think (that) you will like this school soon.我認(rèn)為你不久就會(huì)喜歡這所學(xué)校。2.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?你能告訴我怎樣才能到達(dá)動(dòng)物園好嗎？

9、3.Please tell me when well have the meeting.請(qǐng)告訴我什么時(shí)候開會(huì)。賓語從句的語序練習(xí)題：1-5.ACCAB 6-11.BAACCC1.I want to know _ the day after tomorrow. A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did2.The teacher asked Lucy _. A. where does she come fromB. what did she like best C. if she could speak Chinese3.Could

10、you tell me _? A. when shall we startB. who are you waiting for C. where the nearest bus stop is4. Excuse me, could you tell me _? Certainly. Its over there along the street on the left. A. where the Peoples Park isB. where is the Peoples Park C. the Peoples Park is where5.By the way, do you know th

11、e National Spelling Bee? No, I never heard of it. Tell me _,please.A. what is it B. what it is C. it is what 6.He asked his classmate where _ . A. does his teacher see the filmB. his teacher saw the film C. did his teacher see the film7.I want to know_.A. what his name is B. what's his name C. t

12、hat his name is 8.Jim doesn't understand_ .A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always go shopping C. what is the way to the museum9.My friend didn't tell me_ . A. which room he lived B. which room did he live in C. which room he lived in10.He asked his father _. A. where it happ

13、ens B. where did it happen C. how it happened  11.-Do you know _now?一In the People's Hotel A where is Tom working B where did Tom work Cwhere Tom is working 三.考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,規(guī)則如下：1.如果主句是為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或祈使句、一般將來時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)意義上的需要選用任何一種適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)(即：此時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)就不受主句限制，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)

14、態(tài))；Eg:1.Please tell us where he is.請(qǐng)告訴我們他在哪兒。2.Do you know how Kate came here?你知道凱特怎么來這兒的嗎？3.Tell me at what time the ship is leaving.告訴我船什么時(shí)候出發(fā)？2.若主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài), 賓語從句只能用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài), 如一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。(即：主過從過)Eg:1.He asked what time it was.他問什么時(shí)候了。2.He told me that he was preparing for the sports mee

15、t.他告訴我他正在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)作準(zhǔn)備。3.She asked if you had written to Peter.她問你是否給皮特寫過信。4.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.他說他不久就返回美國(guó)3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言、警句等，則不管主句是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Eg:1.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.我們老師說January是一年中的第一個(gè)月。2.Scientists have proved tha

16、t the earth turns around the sun.科學(xué)家已證實(shí)地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4.以could/would等開頭的句子，要看成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(是一種委婉說法)，不可看成一般過去時(shí)。(即：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could / would用于“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的約束。)Eg:1.Could you tell me? How can I get to the post office? (合并成賓語從句)Could you tell me how I can get to the post offlce? (其中can不可改為could)2.Excuse me, coul

17、d you tell me when we will visit the new Olympic Center? 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題：1-5.BCBCB 6-10.CCCCA 11-17 CAAACCC1. Could you please tell me _? Its next to the post office. A.where is the supermarket B.where the supermarket is C.where the supermarket was2.Do you know _ this time yesterday? A. what she is doing

18、B. what was she doing C. what she was doing3.Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it _? A. built B. was built C. has been built4. What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting? He said that I _ better. A. can do B. will do C. could do5.Could you let me know _ yes

19、terday ? Because the traffic was heavy.A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why you come late6.The teacher asked me _. A. why do I come late B. why I come late C. why I came late7Could you tell me whom the radio _by? 一Sorry，I have no idea A invents B invented C was invented8.I didnt unde

20、rstand _, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said 9.May I see Mr Li， please？Well，I'm afraid he's out at the moment. I think he _back soon. A. come B. comes C. will come 10.We were told that light_ much faster than sound. A. trav

21、els B. traveled C. was 11.What did he say？He asked me_.A. what is the young man's telephone numberB. what the young man's telephone number isC. what the young man's telephone number was12.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day A isB was C has been13.The teacher sa

22、id that the earth _round the sunA goesB go C went 14.We d like to tell you that you _the examAhave passed B.had passed Cpass15.Could you tell me_?Yes They _ to the libraryA.where are the twins， have beenB.where were the twins， have beenC.where the twins are， have gone16.Our father said that he _ a n

23、ew computer next weekA.will buy B.have boughtC.would buy17.I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterdayAgoesBwill goC.went四考察賓語從句人稱的變化當(dāng)把帶引號(hào)的句子變成賓語從句時(shí)（即：把直接引語變間接引語），人稱的相應(yīng)變化是個(gè)考查重點(diǎn)，它遵循一個(gè)原則，“一隨主，二隨賓，三不變”。具體的講，即直接引語中的人稱在賓語從句中要發(fā)生變化，如果是第一人稱則要隨著主句的主語變，是第二人稱就要隨著主句的賓語變化，如果是第三人稱就不需要變化了。此類題常以句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式考查。Eg：1“Do you want

24、 to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同義句)Tom's mother asked him if he wanted to try it. 2.My mother told me .”He will come to see me.”(同義句) My mother told me he would come to see her 五.考查賓語從句與狀語從句的辨析（考查if/when 引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句還是狀語從句）英語中連詞if, when具有雙重功能，既能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。當(dāng)if 和when 等用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從

25、句, 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為一般將來時(shí)時(shí), 從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。當(dāng)if 和when 用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), 如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí), 從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般將來時(shí)表示將來。1.當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句（意為“是否”）時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則，賓語從句可選用將來時(shí)；但當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句（意為“如果”）時(shí)，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為一般將來時(shí)，則if 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。Eg:1.If you ask him, he will help you. (狀語從句)如果你向他請(qǐng)求，他會(huì)幫助你。2.My wife wants to know if Mary needs any he

26、lp.(賓語從句)我妻子想知道瑪麗是否需要幫忙。2.when 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”，由其引導(dǎo)的賓語從句應(yīng)為陳述語序； when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。Eg:1.I don't know when Mr Green will come back.When he comes back， you must tell me.上句中的when 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；下句中的when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間?？疾閕f/when 引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句還是狀語從句

27、練習(xí)題：1-5.BABAA1.I don't know if his uncle_ .I think he_ if it doesn't rain.A. will come， comes B. will come， will come C. comes， comes 2.I want to know when _have a field trip. Well have it when all the work _.A. you will; is finish B. you will; finishes C. you will; is finished3.Do you know

28、when Dr White _for dinner this evening?No, but I think he _ when he is free.A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes4.I dont know if it _ tomorrow. If it_, I will stay at home.A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain C. will rain; will rain5.We are not sure if it _tomorrow. If it_,

29、 our sports meeting will be put off.A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain C. will rain; will rain六.考查賓語從句中的“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”現(xiàn)象在帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定的意義時(shí)，若主句主語為第一人稱I或we且謂語動(dòng)詞是think(認(rèn)為)/believe(相信)/suppose(假定，猜想)/expect(期待)/ guess(猜想)/ imagine(想象)等表示心理活動(dòng)的詞時(shí)，往往把從句中的否定詞前移至主句的謂語部分,即否定主句中的動(dòng)詞。這種現(xiàn)象習(xí)慣上稱為“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。若只滿足一個(gè)條

30、件變否定看從句。Eg:I. I dont think chicken can swim2. He said that he would not go shopping3.Shall we invite our teacher to the party？That's a good idea. But I _think she_ come. A. don't， will B. ×， won't C. won't， will D. do， won't七.考查含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句1.當(dāng)陳述部分是一個(gè)帶有that從句作賓語的復(fù)合句,附加部

31、分應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語保持一致. Eg:1.She say that you need help ,doesnt she ? 2.Tom said that he was late for school,didnt he ? 2. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe, suppose等,而主句的主語是I或 we時(shí), 附加問句應(yīng)與從句的主語和謂語保持一致.還要注意從句的否定前移. Eg:1.I think you are right ,arent you ? 2. I dont think she can swim ,can she ? 3.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe

32、, suppose等,而主句的主語不是I或 we,而是其他人稱如you ,he等時(shí), 附加問句應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語保持一致. Eg:She thought that they would go swimming ,didnt she ?考查含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句練習(xí)題：1-3.BCA賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句練習(xí)題：1-3.BCA1.I dont think he is right，_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I2.He believes she is right， _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he C isnt she3.I thought th

33、at he disliked playing football，_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdidnt I八.考查賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句在一定條件下可以簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）、“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)、it+adj+不定式或復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。具體如下：1.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope/agree/choose/wish/decide/promise等，其后跟帶that的賓語從句，若主從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg:1).Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soo

34、n. 2).We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 3).He decides that he will visit our school. He decides to visit our school. 4).He decided that he would visit our school.He decided to visit our school.2.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know/learn/forget/remember/tell/decide等時(shí)，其后帶有疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,若主從句主語相同，則該從句可簡(jiǎn)化

35、為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu).eg:1).She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the 2).I don't know how I can get there. I don't know how to get there. 3).I don't know what I should do next. I don't know what to do next.3. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為ask/ tell/ show/ teach等時(shí)，后接雙賓語,其后帶有疑問

36、詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；這時(shí)如果從句主語和主句的間接賓語一致，賓語從句也可以簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。eg:1).Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to 2).Please tell me where I should show my ticket. Please tell me where to show my 4.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg:1).The

37、headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.5.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, 或動(dòng)詞 find等詞時(shí)，其后that賓語從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“感官動(dòng)詞 / find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)，此時(shí)的賓語由從句的主語轉(zhuǎn)化而來,而賓語補(bǔ)足語通常是1.形容詞或形容詞短語、2.省to的不定式3.過去分詞或過去分詞短語形式,4.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式 eg:1).They found that the box was very heavy. They f

38、ound the box very heavy 2) .I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. I heard her sing some songs in the next room. 3) .Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.。 4).The teacher found that the boy was very interested in math

39、s. The teacher found the boy very interested in maths. 5) .I saw that some children were playing in the park. I saw some children playing in the park. 6) Cant you see that your father is sitting under the tree ? Cant you see your father sitting under the tree ? 7)He felt that his heart was beating f

40、ast. He felt his heart beating fast. 6.當(dāng)賓語從句的形式主語是it,真實(shí)主語是動(dòng)詞不定時(shí),賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為/"it + 形容詞 + 不定式短語”eg:1)I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.7.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。 Eg: 1).He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going w

41、ith us. 8.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語。 eg:1).I'll take back what I said. I'll take back my words. 我將收回我的話 2).Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? Could you tell us the way to the museum? 3).The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn't know the time

42、 and the place of his birth.9.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語. Eg:1).I remember that I have told her the truth. I remember telling her the truth. 2).I forget I have closed the window. I forget closing the window. 10.動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，可以用不定式（短語）來簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng) 的變化，形式主語it通常需用從句主語替換。： eg:1).It seems that he is ill.

43、He seems to be ill. 2).It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化練習(xí)：不改變句義將下列主從復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)單句 1.Toms father saw that he was sitting on some eggs Toms father saw _ _ on some eggs. 2.Mrs white told Tom that he couldnt throw paper on the ground. Mrs White told Tom _ _ _ paper on

44、 the ground.3.Please tell me where we show our tickets. Please tell me _ _ show our tickets.4.Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? Can you tell me the _ _ the post office?5.They doesnt know when they are going to repair the watch. They doesnt know _ _ repair the watch.6.The teacher told

45、 the boys what they should do and how they should do it. The teacher told the boys _ _ do and _ _ do it. 7.Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Ming _ _ _ _ very soon. 8.It seems that he is ill. He _ _ _ ill. 9.It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys _ _ _. 10.I remember that I have

46、told her the truth. I remember _ her the truth 11.I forget I have closed the window. I forget _ _ _. 12.I wil take back what I said. I will take back _ _. 13.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? Could you tell us _ _ _ _ _ _. 14.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poo

47、r boy doesnt know the time and _ _ of his birth. 15.He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted _ _ with us. 16.I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it _ _ _ _ English well. 17.They found that the box was very heavy. They found _ _ _ _. 18.I heard that she sang some so

48、ngs in the next room. I heard _ _ some songs in the next room. 19.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found _ _ _ with thick snow. 20.He felt that his heart was beating fast. He felt _ _ _ fast. 21.The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered _ _ _ at once 中考賓語從句考點(diǎn)仿真練習(xí)1. The teacher asked me _ I hadnt done my homework. A. how B. what C. why D. if 2. -I dont know _ she is.-Her mother says she is much better these days. A. who B. how C. what D. where3. -Are you sure you have to? Its been very late.-I do